Legislation Commons^™

Section 14(E) Of The Williams Act And The Rule 10b-5 Comparisons, Mark J. Loewenstein

Publications

The passage of the Williams Act in 1968 added a set of provisions to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to govern tender offers. In this article, Professor Loewenstein examines the antifraud provision of the Williams Act, codified as section 14(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the development of decisional law under it. After discussing the propriety of inferring a private cause of action from section 14(e), Professor Loewenstein argues that the judiciary's reliance on rule 10b-5 precedents to set the bounds of the 14(e) cause of action is unwarranted. He concludes: 1) that scienter should not …

Union Representatives As Corporate Directors: The Challenge To The Adversarial Model Of Labor Relations, Robert A. Mccormick

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Article addresses these questions first by discussing the predominant philosophical approach adopted by unions in their dealings with management, and then describing several ways in which the labor laws reflect this traditional model of employment relations by showing, first, that the influence of unions has been limited to circumscribed categories of business decisions. The Article next examines decisions made by the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB") and the courts that have carefully sought to separate employer from employee, assuming their interests to be inherently antagonistic. Then follows an evaluation of the NLRB's treatment of deviations from the traditional model …

Corporate Indemnification Of Directors And Officers: Time For A Reappraisal, K.G. Jan Pillai, Craig Tractenberg

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Article evaluates the benefits and burdens of shifting litigation risk from management to the enterprise. The Article begins by considering the nature of the legal risks confronting the corporate executive, and the principles of common law that developed to counter those risks. The Article proceeds to assess the two statutory responses to threats of personal liability against the corporate executive: indemnification statutes, and director and officer insurance. Finally, after comparing the effective absolute immunity available to corporate executives with the qualified immunity enjoyed by high-level government officials, the Article concludes that indemnification practices have overinsulated the corporate officer from …

International Implications Of Limitations On "Aggregate Concentration", David Boies

Michigan Journal of International Law

Traditionally, antitrust laws have been concerned with competition and concentration within a single market. In the past few years, however, increasing attention has been given to economywide or aggregate concentration-especially when such concentration is accomplished by merger rather than by internal growth. In 1979 and 1980, Congress considered Senate Bill S. 600 which would limit mergers based on size criteria that are unrelated, at least directly, to proof of a lessening of competition within any given market. The international implications of applying this principle are complex and difficult, and have yet to be fully addressed. It is the purpose of …

Sherman Act Applications To Predation By Controlled Economy Enterprises Marketing In The United States: Departures From Mechanical Formulae, Deborah M. Levy

Michigan Journal of International Law

In a reproachful dissent in United States v. Columbia Steel, the late Justice Douglas sought to remind his brethren what the antitrust laws of the United States are all about: [A]ll power tends to develop into a government in itself. Power that controls the economy should be in the hands of elected representatives of the people, not in the hands of an industrial oligarchy. Industrial power should be decentralized.... That is the philosophy and the command of the Sherman Act.

Survey Of Developments In West Virginia Law: 1980

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Glass-Steagall: Some Critical Reflections, Roberta S. Karmel

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: An Inadequate Basis For Health, Safety, And Environmental Regulatory Decisionmaking, Michael S. Baram

Faculty Scholarship

The use of cost-benefit analysis in agency decisionmaking has been hailed as the cure for numerous dissatisfactions with governmental regulation. Using this form of economic analysis arguably promotes rational decisionmaking and prevents health, safety, and environmental regulations from having inflationary and other adverse economic impacts. Closer analysis, however, reveals that the cost-benefit approach to regulatory decisionmaking suffers from major methodological limitations and institutional abuses. In practice, regulatory uses of cost-benefit analysis stifle and obstruct the achievement of legislated health, safety, and environmental goals.

This Article critically reviews the methodological limitations of cost-benefit analysis, current agency uses of cost-benefit analysis under …

Corruption And The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Of 1977, Fredric Bryan Lesser

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This article first discusses the business activities and competing interests which prompted congressional action. Part II analyzes the FCPA and attempts to solve the ambiguities inherent in the criminalization provisions, thereby clarifying which activities are proscribed by the FCPA and what is meant by the Act's corruption requirement. Finally, Part III examines the possibilities for multinational agreements prohibiting bribery.

Limiting Conglomerate Mergers: The Need For Legislation, Joseph F. Brodley

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Take-Over Bid Disclosure Act, Elliott H. Dejarnette

University of Richmond Law Review

The recent changes in the Take-Over Bid Disclosure Act by the General Assembly in its 1978 session are essentially a return to the shorter time limit requirements that existed prior to the 1977 amendment to the Virginia Code. As before, the offeror company which is contemplating a take-over of another corporation's stock [hereinafter referred to as the target corporation] must file with the State Corporation Commission [hereinafter referred to as SCC] and with the registered agent of the target corporation a statement which contains all information required by § 13.1-531(b). This filing must be made twenty days prior to such …

Employee Stock Ownership Plans, Voting Rights, And Plant Closings, Jonathan Barry Forman

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

After examining the structure and tax consequences of ESOPs, this note will argue that ESOPs should guarantee employees full voting rights over securities transferred to them under such plans. This note will also propose that ESOPs can be used in employee takeovers of corporations as part of a plan to help prevent plant closings.

A Definition Of "Liabilities" In Code Sections 357 And 358(D), Douglas A. Kahn, Dale A. Oesterle

Articles

Internal Revenue Code section 351(a) provides that no gain or loss shall be recognized if property is transferred to a corporation solely in exchange for its stock or securities and the transferors control the corporation immediately after the exchange. If, in addition to receiving stock or securities in an exchange that would otherwise qualify for section 351 treatment, a transferor receives other property or money -- "boot" -- any realized gain is recognized up to the amount of the money and the fair market value of the other property received. The transferee corporation's assumption of the transferor's liabilities or its …

Federal Statues And Government Regulation, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

American Standard, Inc. V Crane Co: The Insufficiency Of Section 16(B), William J. Flynn Iii

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Stein: Harmonizing Of European Company, Richard M. Buxbaum

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Harmonization of European Company Laws by Eric Stein

Liability Of Credit Bureaus After The Fair Credit Reporting Act: The Need For Further Reform, Charles M. Ullman

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

The Proposed Michigan Business Corporation Act, Stanley Siegel

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The author of this article was selected by the Commission as Reporter, to draft and revise the statute. It is the purpose of this article to describe the drafting process, to outline the general structure and to examine some unique aspects of the proposed Michigan Business Corporation Act. In this discussion, the author expresses his own views only, and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Law Revision Commission or its members.

The "Control" Test For Limited Partnerships, Alan L. Feld

Faculty Scholarship

Under the Uniform Limited Partnership Act, a limited partner may become generally liable if "in addition to the exercise of his rights and powers as a limited partner, he takes part in the control of the business." Although the Act is now over fifty years old, no satisfactory standard of "control" has been enunciated, and no definition of the "rights and powers" of a limited partner has been forthcoming. Mr. Feld examines the ambiguities in the statutory language and the dilemma in which they place counsel seeking to advise his clients, and concludes that the Act is due for an …

Interlocks In Corporate Management And The Antitrust Laws, Arthur H. Travers Jr.

Publications

No abstract provided.

Electric Transmission Lines - To Bury, Not To Praise, Samuel Graff Miller

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Taxation Of The Treasures Of The Sea, John J. Kenny, Ronald R. Hrusoff

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

A Solution To The Problem Of State Taxation Of Interstate Commerce, John Dane Jr.

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Personal Holding Companies And The Revenue Act Of 1964, Jerome B. Libin

Michigan Law Review

By 1964, many years had elapsed since significant changes were made in the federal income tax treatment of so-called "personal holding companies." For that reason alone, any amendments contained in the Revenue Act of 1964 that dealt with personal holding companies would have deserved attention. But the fact is that the changes made by the 1964 Act are so powerful in their thrust that they require the most careful kind of study by every practitioner charged with advising closely held corporations. Since the new provisions are rather complicated in nature, such a study cannot lead to a full understanding of …

Election, Operation And Termination Of A Subchapter S Corporation, Ronald R. Hrusoff

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Right Of A Surviving Partner To Purchase A Deceased Partner's Interest Under The Uniform Partnership Act, Charles R. Frederickson

Michigan Law Review

This discussion is intended to demonstrate that, under the act, the likelihood of fraud should no longer be so controlling a factor as to require invariably a liquidation sale of partnership assets when a court of equity has within its supervisory powers the ability to protect fully all of the parties involved when a partnership is dissolved by death.

The Small Business Investment Company: An Attempt To Fill The Equity Gap, C. Dale Mcclain

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

American Bar Foundation: Model Business Corporation Act Annotated, Norman D. Lattin

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Model Business Corporation Act Annotated. American Bar Foundation.

Business Associations - Uniform Limited Partnership Act - Activites Making A Limited Partner Liable As A General Partner, Frank D. Jacobs

Michigan Law Review

Marback Motor Co., a limited partnership, was formed in 1951 pursuant to the California Uniform Limited Partnership Act. Defendant limited partner held a chattel mortgage on partnership assets and owned the building in which the business was located. He had authority to co-sign checks of the partnership, but checks could be drawn on the firm's account without his signature and he could not withdraw funds himself. In August 1953, without a prior dissolution of the limited partnership, defendant bought some assets of the firm at a purchase price found to represent the fair market value of the properties. At the …

Corporations - Reclassification Of Securities As A Purchase Under Section 16 (B) Of The Securities And Exchange Act, Eric E. Bergsten

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, a minority stockholder in the Old Town Corporation, brought action on behalf of the corporation to recover alleged "shortswing" profits made by defendants, who were officers, directors and large shareholders of Old Town, on the sale of 45.9 percent of the outstanding stock of the corporation. The corporation had, with the approval of 78 percent of the owners in interest, reclassified the 320,402 outstanding shares of $5 par common stock as 320,402 shares of $1 par common and 320,402 shares of 40¢ cumulative preferred stock of $7 par value. This reclassification was done for the frank purpose of increasing …