Legal Education Commons^™

For Daniel Ezra Subotnik, Theodore Silver

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Letter To Dan Subotnik, Albert Kleinhaus

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Letter To My Father-In-Law, Dan Subotnik, Dina Leytes

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Touching Our Lives With Love And Grace: A Remembrance Of Dan Subotnik, Dr. Edward Crowe

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Stanley & Daniel: A Lifelong Friendship In Courts & Concert Halls, Stanley Sperber

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Once And Future Scholar: A Love Letter To Dan Subotnik, Rose Rosengard Subotnik

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Dan Subotnik: Life-Long Teacher And Mentor, Rena Subotnik

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Harnessing Your Superpower As A Lawyer, Rebecca Frank Dallet

Marquette Law Review

None

Education Theory Integrated In Business Law, Robin Boyle-Laisure

Faculty Publications

Education theorists have identified three pedagogical techniques that enhance student learning and retention of knowledge, namely, scaffolding, interleaving, and schema-building. These techniques help students transfer knowledge from short-term to long-term memory, where it is best retained for future use. Scaffolding involves part-task sequencing and whole-task sequencing. By interleaving tasks, professors present steps out of order or new material before the prior material is fully understood. Assisting students in developing schemas can help them store their knowledge in long-term memory. This article explains and explores these techniques as applied in an undergraduate business law course. The appendices provide detailed exercises that …

My Negotiation Chatbot Toby And Pedagogical Governance, Renee Henson

Faculty Publications

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots is exploding. Adolescents increasingly prefer interactions with AI companions over peers. Adults rely on these systems for health planning, therapy, administrative assistance, nutrition guidance, and even simulated “romantic relationships.” Individuals and institutions are adopting AI tools at a pace that far exceeds the development of governance frameworks.

I developed Toby for use in my first-year Lawyering: Problem-Solving and Dispute Resolution (“Lawyering”) course to expose students to the dynamics of negotiating against an opposing counsel with a difficult personality—a type of adversary all too common in legal practice, yet difficult to prepare for. Toby …

Teaching Constitutional Law: Politics, Democracy And History, Andrea Scoseria Katz

Scholarship@WashULaw

Teaching Constitutional Law in the present era presents unique pedagogical challenges. My students arrive skeptical of the field, doubtful of the Supreme Court’s authority, questioning the relevance of legal methods in determining case outcomes, and perceiving constitutional adjudication as irreducibly political. Rather than dismiss these concerns, I argue that constitutional law professors must acknowledge them directly. Our task is not to restore naïve faith in judicial neutrality (an impossible ideal), but to present students with a vision of constitutional meaning-making—one grounded in politics, history, and democratic politics—in which they can recognize themselves as engaged participants in the future of our …

Who Makes The Jury? Demographics And Decision-Making In The Jury Process., Ana B. Pons

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Within the American judicial system, juries have played a central role in promoting representation and fairness in the courtroom. However, limited information exists on whether prosecutorial decisions during jury selection, jury composition, or jury behavior differ based on the sex, race/ethnicity, type of case, political ideology, or geographic location of potential jurors. Following PRISMA guidelines, this scoping review synthesizes 48 peer-reviewed articles published between the 1940s and 2026 to examine whether prosecutorial decision-making and jury outcomes vary based on the sex, race/ethnicity, type of case, political ideology, or geographic location of potential jurors. Findings indicated that men are disproportionately selected …

Report On The 2025-26 Survey Of Applied Legal Education, David A. Santacroce, Robert R. Kuehn, June T. Tai, Sarah Boonin

Other Publications

This report summarizes the results of the Center for the Study of Applied Legal Education’s (CSALE) 2025-26 Survey of Applied Legal Education. The 2025-26 CSALE Survey is CSALE’s seventh triennial survey of law clinic and field placement (i.e., externship) courses and educators. The results provide insight into the state of experiential legal education in areas like program design, capacity, administration, funding, and pedagogy, and the role of clinic and field placement educators in the legal academy. Law schools, legal educators, scholars, and oversight agencies rely on CSALE’s data. The 2025-26 CSALE Survey is composed of two parts. A Survey of …

Leading From Where You Are: How Projects Build Leadership Skills In Law Libraries, Susan Azyndar, Yan Yu

Journal Articles

Practical ways to develop leadership skills through collaborative projects–no title required.

De-Skilling Or Re-Skilling? The Case For Smarter Writing Assignments, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This article challenges the assumption that AI inevitably leads to the de-skilling of law students.  Some faculty understandably fear that students will use AI to bypass critical thinking and avoid meaningful effort.  This article reframes AI as a potential catalyst for improving legal education rather than inherently a threat.

Concerns about de-skilling generally are based on the assumption that faculty will not change traditional writing assignments.  This article analyzes why these assignments often fail to help students develop strong analytical and writing skills. These include limited instruction in basic writing skills, poor design, lack of feedback, and faculty inertia in …

Ai-Powered Lawyering: Ai Reasoning Models, Retrieval Augmented Generation, And The Future Of Legal Practice, Daniel Schwarcz, Sam Manning, J. J. Prescott, Patrick Barry, David R. Cleveland, Beverly Rich

Articles

Generative AI is set to transform the legal profession, though its most promising uses and ultimate effects are still unclear. While AI models like GPT-4 improve efficiency, they can also “hallucinate” and may undermine legal judgment, particularly in complex tasks typically handled by skilled lawyers. This article examines two emerging AI innovations that may mitigate these concerns: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), which grounds AI-powered analysis in legal sources, and AI reasoning models, which structure complex reasoning before generating output. We conduct the first randomized controlled trial assessing these technologies, assigning upper-level law students to complete legal tasks using a RAG-powered …

2026-2027, Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law

Student Handbooks

No abstract provided.

What Beginning Law Students Learn When Ai Gets Personal, Kristina Swanson

Journal Articles

From the Introduction

While legal writing and research professors wrestle with artificial intelligence (AI)'s impact on the skills we teach, one thing is clear: beginning law students cannot discern whether AI answers to legal questions are correct. AI-generated responses to legal questions sound right and are designed to bolster the beleaguered law student's confidence. Deliberately programmed to hook customers, AI-generated answers often begin by praising the brilliant question and expressing electronic empathy for the difficulty the student may have had answering it. The end result: students with the wrong legal answer and misplaced confidence.

Law Library Blog (January 2026): Legal Beagle's Blog Archive, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Law Library Newsletters/Blog

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Perpetual Social Injustice Cycle By Implementing Race-Neutral Alternatives As A Means To Create Equitable Admissions Practices In Higher Education, Jazmin B. C. Jardim-Phipps

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that higher education institutions can still achieve the compelling state interest of diversity while complying with the Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) rulings by replacing race-based admissions with narrowly tailored, race-neutral alternatives. It proposes a model that redefines merit and prioritizes socioeconomic and first-generation status while eliminating legacy preferences to break cycles of systemic social injustice.

Teaching Cross-Cultural Communication In Law School: Lessons From Medicine, Social Work, And Business, Mireille Butler, Jaclyn Celebrezze

Articles

Legal clients in the United States are increasingly multilingual and multicultural. More than 71 million people living in the United States communicate in a language other than English. Consequently, the lawyer’s duty of shared understanding is taking on new meaning. With the advent of ABA Ethics Opinion 500, cross-cultural communication skills are a lawyer’s ethical duty and a law school’s mandate. Additionally, ABA Standard 303(c) and the potential of increased experiential learning credit requirements make clear that immediate curricular changes are needed. To prepare for the modern practice of law, tomorrow’s lawyers need to develop cross-cultural skills while in law …

Ai Tips And Traps, Patrick Barry

Books

Based on a series of popular courses and workshops that Professor Patrick Barry has created for students, professionals, and anyone else interested in taking a skills-based approach to artificial intelligence, this book gives you a chance to engage with important AI concepts, experiment with exploratory AI exercises, and then ultimately develop your own customized list of AI traps to try as well as AI traps to avoid.

Kedudukan Putusan Peradilan Etik Sebagai Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara: Studi Kasus Gugatan Hakim Konstitusi Anwar Usman, Satrio Febriyanto

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

As an effort to concretize ethics, there is a process of formalizing ethics into a set of rules through a code of ethics. The code of ethics needs institutional enforcement instruments so that it can be effectively applied through ethical trials. Ethical courts, as institutions that adjudicate violations of the code of ethics, have the authority to issue decisions as a follow-up to cases of violations of the code of ethics that they handle. In carrying out its duties, ethical courts use ethical and moral analysis to assess the appropriateness of an action. This analytical approach differs from legal decisions …

Kedudukan Hukum Eks-Kreditor Pasca Debt To Equity Swap Yang Dihomologasi Dalam Pkpu Kedua Dan Kepailitan Debitor Akibat Pembatalan Perdamaian, Reza Rahmawati

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Debt to Equity Swap (DES) under a composition plan in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) proceedings constitutes a restructuring mechanism that transforms the legal status of a Creditor into that of a shareholder upon homologation. Legal issues arise when The Debtor subsequently enters a Second PKPU due to newly incurred debts or is declared bankrupt following the annulment of the composition, while Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment does not expressly regulate the legal consequences of a DES under such circumstances. This normative legal research aims to analyze the legal standing and legal …

Dualisme Tujuan Pembebanan Uang Pengganti: Analisis Putusan Angelina Sondakh Di Berbagai Tingkat Peradilan, Valencia Puspa Novandra Ali, Tamsil .

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Studi ini meneliti perbedaan interpretasi dan penerapan hukuman tambahan berupa restitusi (uang pengganti) dalam kasus korupsi melalui analisis komparatif keputusan Angelina Sondakh di pengadilan tingkat pertama, pengadilan banding, pengadilan kasasi, dan pengadilan peninjauan yudisial. Muncul interpretasi ganda antara memandang restitusi sebagai kompensasi atas kerugian keuangan negara dan sebagai mekanisme untuk menyita keuntungan ilegal. Judex facti menolak penerapan restitusi dengan alasan bahwa tidak terjadi kerugian negara dalam kasus suap dan gratifikasi, sementara judex juris di tingkat kasasi menafsirkan restitusi sebagai instrumen pemulihan aset yang ditujukan untuk keuntungan yang diperoleh secara ilegal. Orientasi konseptual yang bertentangan ini menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan dalam penjatuhan …

Tinjauan Frasa “Setiap Orang” Dalam Pasal 3 Ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pengelolaan Royalti Hak Cipta Lagu Dan/Atau Musik, Fajar Hidayansyah Ilham, Luna Dezeana Ticoalu

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Copyright is one form of legal protection for intellectual works, occupying an important position within the intellectual property law system. The Copyright Law explicitly grants exclusive rights to creators, encompassing both moral rights and economic rights. Economic rights, as stipulated in Article 9 paragraph (1), allow creators to obtain economic benefits from their works, ranging from publication, reproduction, distribution, performance, to communication to the public. This provision shows that creators hold a primary position as legal subjects entitled to protection, while also serving as central actors in the creative industry ecosystem. In practice, the mechanism for copyright protection requires implementing …

The Other Side Of The Glass Cliff, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Kellye Testy

Faculty Scholarship

First articulated by researchers Michelle K. Ryan and S. Alexander Haslam in 2005, the glass cliff theory posits that individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups in leadership, such as women and people of color, are more likely to obtain executive leadership positions during times of crisis, which means that such leaders take on their roles under conditions where they are more prone to fail. In this Essay, we focus on what we have termed “the other side of the glass cliff”: the intentional steps that women and people of color leaders in the legal academy have taken to build structures that …

Ai Bots As Law Teachers: What Is Left For Human Professors To Do?, Harold I. Abramson

Scholarly Works

This article considers what bots can do as AI law teachers, how students are already using bots for learning, how to integrate the use of AI into law courses, and what faculty can do to stay ahead of the bots in their classrooms. During this discussion, the article confronts the existential question of what is left for human law professors to do in an AI world. It concludes that there is a future for humans for now, and one that might make us better teachers.

Breaking The Cycle: Rethinking Bar Exam Scoring And Portability For Nextgen Examinees, Steven Foster, Nachman Gutowski

Scholarly Works

The development of the NextGen Bar Exam presents a crucial opportunity to address longstanding challenges in both bar exam scoring and portability concerns. The reliance on recent graduates' performance on the Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) as a baseline for setting future standards is flawed due to relative scoring and scaling. In addition to concerns regarding how the future bar exam is scored, there are also concerns regarding how the new scoring metric on the NextGen bar exam will be used for portability and, more specifically, what will happen between 2026 and 2028 as the NextGen bar exam is progressively adopted …

Dismantling The Whiteness Of Legal Education, Doron Samuel-Siegel

Law Faculty Publications

Whiteness is not merely a racial description. Whiteness operates as allegiance to structural racism. The quiet engine of racial hierarchy, whiteness pervades and shapes traditional legal education, rendering legal pedagogy a structurally racist enterprise. Legal education not only reproduces the racism embedded in the law and legal profession, but also obscures the ways legal doctrine, professional norms, and pedagogical practices normalize, protect, and make invisible the advantages that accrue to whiteness itself. In doing so, itproduces lawyers ill-equipped to dismantle structural injustice.

This Article breaks new ground in the scholarship on legal pedagogy by defining whiteness as it operates within …