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Articles 91 - 120 of 188
Full-Text Articles in Law and Politics
Reapportionment--Nine Years Into The "Revolution" And Still Struggling, Michigan Law Review
Reapportionment--Nine Years Into The "Revolution" And Still Struggling, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Malapportioned legislative districts traditionally have inhibited the effective working of government at the federal, state, and local levels. By 1960, the population disparities among legislative districts had attained such great magnitude "that the integrity of representative government was in many instances endangered." The underrepresented victims of malapportionment sought relief through the courts. Initially the Supreme Court, ever hesitant to enter the "political thicket," declined to address itself to reapportionment controversies. This era of judicial inaction ended in 1962 with the Court's ruling in Baker v. Carr, in which the plaintiffs overcame the formidable barrier posed by the political-question doctrine. …
Quinney: The Social Reality Of Crime, Melvin M. Belli
Quinney: The Social Reality Of Crime, Melvin M. Belli
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Social Reality of Crime by Richard Quinney
Community Control, Public Policy, And The Limits Of Law, David L. Kirp
Community Control, Public Policy, And The Limits Of Law, David L. Kirp
Michigan Law Review
This Article deals with those two points of conflict-disputes about governance, race, and political power; and constitutional concerns, rooted in Brown v. Board of Education, about racially heterogeneous education. Both are central to understanding, and to giving content to, the disagreements about community control. The questions about power provide a context within which to understand the terms of the debate. The constitutional discussion suggests some inevitable judicial difficulties in resolving disputes that emerge from the debate. Such questions are increasingly before the courts, whose decisions may alter the bounds of acceptable conduct in ways that permit or deny the …
Representation And Election: The Reapportionment Cases In Retrospect, William P. Irwin
Representation And Election: The Reapportionment Cases In Retrospect, William P. Irwin
Michigan Law Review
In general, both in the two-year interval between Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims and in the period following the reapportionment decisions of June 1964, discussion of the issue among scholars and publicists has tended to center upon four problems of varying scope and precision: (1) the jurisdiction of the federal courts to pass upon aspects of state legislative apportionment; (2) the justiciability of the same matter; (3) the substantive merits of the several cases; and, (4) the implications of the decisions for democratic theory and practice. No attempt is made here to reopen the argument about federal jurisdiction; …
The Warren Court And The Political Process, William M. Beaney
The Warren Court And The Political Process, William M. Beaney
Michigan Law Review
Our complex political system creates endless opportunity to debate the proper roles and powers of each of our principal political institutions. Students of the Supreme Court who quarrel over the proper role of the Court sometimes forget that the powers of the President and the proper place of Congress have also been subject to fierce controversy throughout our history, and that the political tension between the national government and the states has provided a persistent theme from the beginning of the Republic. It must never be forgotten that the system provided by the Framers was not designed to produce efficient …
Along The Midway: Some Thoughts On Democratic Constitution-Amending, Clifton Mccleskey
Along The Midway: Some Thoughts On Democratic Constitution-Amending, Clifton Mccleskey
Michigan Law Review
In the American political circus there is apt to be going on at any given time a number of sideshows pretty much unrelated to the action under the Big Top. Essentially harmless and perhaps even functional for the system, they include the activities of the anti-vivisectionists, campaigns to impeach the Chief Justice, and the fratricidal spasms of various Marxist-oriented splinter movements. Among these sideshows, however, one has been distinguished by its perennial character and by the attention given to it by otherwise sober and restrained persons. I refer to the attempt through state legislative petitions to get Congress to call …
Cary: Politics And The Regulatory Agencies, Donald C. Cook
Cary: Politics And The Regulatory Agencies, Donald C. Cook
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Politics and the Regulatory Agencies by William L. Cary
Leibholz: Politics And Law, Hugo J. Hahn
Leibholz: Politics And Law, Hugo J. Hahn
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Politics and Law by Gerhard Leibholz
Meiklejohn: Political Freedom, Paul G. Kauper
Meiklejohn: Political Freedom, Paul G. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Political Freedom. By Alexander Meiklejohn
Constitutional Law - Congressional Investigation Of Political Activity-Watkins V. United States Re-Examined, Avrum M. Gross S.Ed.
Constitutional Law - Congressional Investigation Of Political Activity-Watkins V. United States Re-Examined, Avrum M. Gross S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
It is the function of this comment to examine the traditional scope and limitations of congressional investigations, with particular emphasis on these two cases.
Constitutional Law- Civil Rights - Union Use Of Dues For Political Action, Paul Hanke
Constitutional Law- Civil Rights - Union Use Of Dues For Political Action, Paul Hanke
Michigan Law Review
Defendant unions under the authority of section 2, Eleventh of the Railway Labor Act obtained union shop agreements from defendant railroads. Non-union employees sought to enjoin enforcement of the agreements because the unions used periodic dues, fees, and assessments to support political doctrines and candidates opposed by plaintiffs. The trial court dismissed for failure to state a cause of action, but the Supreme Court of Georgia overruled the dismissal and remanded. The lower court then ruled that petitioners were denied constitutional liberties and issued the injunction. On appeal, held, affirmed. Enforcement of union shop contracts requiring employees to pay …
Constitutional Law - Judicial Power - Power To Compel Fair Apportionment By The Legislature, Walter L. Adams S.Ed.
Constitutional Law - Judicial Power - Power To Compel Fair Apportionment By The Legislature, Walter L. Adams S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
At a general election on November 6, 1956, voters of the state of Washington approved by popular initiative a reapportionment of the legislature based upon political sub-divisions as described in the federal census of 1950. On December 6, 1956, the governor proclaimed the measure to be law and it was enrolled as chapter 5, Laws of 1957. At the regular 1957 session of the state legislature, chapter 289, revoking the initiative and calling for the use of the election precinct as the unit · of population for forming legislative districts, was passed by a vote of more than a two-thirds …
Constitutional Law - State Action - Effect Of State Court Interpretation Of A Contract, Dudley H. Chapman
Constitutional Law - State Action - Effect Of State Court Interpretation Of A Contract, Dudley H. Chapman
Michigan Law Review
Mrs. Doris Walker, president of her local union, was discharged by Cutter Laboratories in 1949 because of membership in the Communist Party and falsification of her employment application. The employer acquired knowledge of these facts in 1947, but did not act at that time to avoid charges of persecuting a union officer. The union, pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement, which authorized discharge for "just cause" only, sought and obtained reinstatement from the arbitration board, which action was affirmed by the district court of appeal, but reversed by the California Supreme Court. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, …
Rodell: Nine Men: A Political History Of The Supreme Court Of The United States From 1790 To 1955, Robert L. Howard
Rodell: Nine Men: A Political History Of The Supreme Court Of The United States From 1790 To 1955, Robert L. Howard
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Rodell: Nine Men: A Political History of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1790 to 1955. By Fred Rodell.
Mason: Security Through Freedom. American Political Thought And Practice., William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Mason: Security Through Freedom. American Political Thought And Practice., William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Security Through Freedom. American Political Thought and Practice. By Alpheus Thomas Mason.
Corporations - Political Activities - Interpretation Of Statute Prohibiting Political Contributions By Corporation, George Kircos
Corporations - Political Activities - Interpretation Of Statute Prohibiting Political Contributions By Corporation, George Kircos
Michigan Law Review
Defendant corporation, organized to promote the recall of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, was charged with violating section 346.12 of the Wisconsin statutes, which prohibits corporations doing business in Wisconsin from paying or contributing any money, etc., to promote or defeat the candidacy of any person for nomination, appointment, or election to any political office. The trial court entered a forfeiture judgment against the defendant. On appeal, held, reversed. The statutory phrase "doing business" was intended to limit the scope of the prohibition to corporations organized for profit. Corporations, such as the defendant, organized solely for political purposes are not …
Bailey, Simon, Dahl, Snyder, De Grazia, Moos, David & Truman: Research Frontiers In Politics And Government. Brookings Lectures, 1955, Henry L. Bretton
Bailey, Simon, Dahl, Snyder, De Grazia, Moos, David & Truman: Research Frontiers In Politics And Government. Brookings Lectures, 1955, Henry L. Bretton
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Research Frontiers in Politics and Government. Brookings Lectures, 1955. By Stephen K. Bailey, Herbert A. Simon, Robert A. Dahl, Richard C. Snyder, Alfred de Grazia, Malcolm Moos, Paul T. David and David B. Truman
Jackson: The Supreme Court In The American System Of Government, Howard M. Downs S.Ed.
Jackson: The Supreme Court In The American System Of Government, Howard M. Downs S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Supreme Court in the American System of Government. By Robert H. Jackson
Constitutional Law - Federal Anti-Subversive Legislation - The Communist Control Act Of 1954, Paul R. Haerle
Constitutional Law - Federal Anti-Subversive Legislation - The Communist Control Act Of 1954, Paul R. Haerle
Michigan Law Review
This comment is intended as a preliminary step in an analysis of the legislative history of the act and a consideration of both its potential effectiveness and constitutional validity.
White: The Jacksonians, M. Fred Mallender, Ii S.Ed.
White: The Jacksonians, M. Fred Mallender, Ii S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Jacksonians. By Leonard D. White
Constitutional Law - Federal Regulation Of Lobbying Act - Vague And Indefinite Language As Violation Of First And Fifth Amendment, Arne Hovdesven
Constitutional Law - Federal Regulation Of Lobbying Act - Vague And Indefinite Language As Violation Of First And Fifth Amendment, Arne Hovdesven
Michigan Law Review
Defendants were charged with violation of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act because of failure to register as lobbyists under provisions of section 308 and to report expenditures as directed by section 305. The lower court found these sections of the statute unconstitutional and dismissed the information. On appeal, held, the act is not so vague and indefinite as to violate the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment; nor does it violate the First Amendment. The penalty provision of section 310(b) is not objectionable as a deprivation of First Amendment rights since it is separable. United States v. …
Labor Law - Authority Of National Labor Relations Board To Require Reaffirmation Of Non-Communist Affidavit, Richard Z. Rosenfeld
Labor Law - Authority Of National Labor Relations Board To Require Reaffirmation Of Non-Communist Affidavit, Richard Z. Rosenfeld
Michigan Law Review
Section 9(h) of title I of the Labor-Management Relations Act requires that officers of unions which desire access to NLRB facilities file non-Communist affidavits with the Board. During the effective period of appellee unions' compliance with this requirement, the Board referred certain affidavits to the Department of Justice for investigation. After the suspected officers had refused to testify concerning the truth or falsity of their affidavits in subsequent grand jury proceedings the Board issued a Notice and Order requiring the officers to reaffirm the truth of the prior affidavits and to attest to non-membership in the Communist Party since filing …
Constitutional Law - Federal Occupation Of Field Of Control Of Subversives, John C. Hall S.Ed.
Constitutional Law - Federal Occupation Of Field Of Control Of Subversives, John C. Hall S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was chairman of the Communist Party for the western district of Pennsylvania. He was charged with willfully advocating the violent overthrow of the United States Government, and his conviction under state statute was sustained by the superior court. On appeal, held, reversed. The federal Smith Act pre-empted the field of control of subversive activities and the state law is therefore void. Commonwealth v. Nelson, 377 Pa. 58, 104 A. (2d) 133 (1954).
Crosskey And The Constitution: A Reply To Goebel, Sylvester Petro
Crosskey And The Constitution: A Reply To Goebel, Sylvester Petro
Michigan Law Review
The immediate purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the inadequacies of the most embittered of the reviews of Crosskey's book which I have read, "Ex Parte Clio,'' written by Professor Goebel (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the reviewer"). Demonstrating these things will involve repeated reference to the thesis and the methodology of the book, and comparison of the book with the contentions advanced by the reviewer. The reading will probably be as tedious as the writing has been, but that cannot be helped, for the longer aim of this paper cannot be achieved in any other manner. That aim …
On Amending The Treaty-Making Power: A Comparative Study Of The Problem Of Self-Executing Treaties, Lawrence Preuss
On Amending The Treaty-Making Power: A Comparative Study Of The Problem Of Self-Executing Treaties, Lawrence Preuss
Michigan Law Review
The current furor concerning the treaty-making power of the United States has been aroused by the apprehension that this country might become a party to certain multilateral treaties in the social and economic fields, and, notably, the draft Covenants on Human Rights, the Genocide Convention and the Convention on Political Rights of Women. The plethora of proposed constitutional amendments now before the Congress merely marks an intensification of the controversy, recurrent throughout our history, concerning the legal effect of Article VI, Section 2, of the Constitution of the United States. Problems concerning the relative authority of treaties and other international …
Constitutional Law-Due Process-Validity Of State Statute Requiring Public Employees To Take Loyalty Oath, James W. Callison, S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Due Process-Validity Of State Statute Requiring Public Employees To Take Loyalty Oath, James W. Callison, S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A statute of Oklahoma required public employees to take an oath that, among other things, they were not, for five years previous had not been, and would not become, affiliated with an organization which advocated the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of the State of Oklahoma by force or violence or other unlawful means or which had been determined by the United States Attorney General to be a Communist front or subversive organization. A citizen and taxpayer sought to enjoin payment of salaries to teachers at Oklahoma A. & M. College who had not taken the …
Howe: Holmes-Laski Letters: The Correspondence Of Mr. Justice Holmes And Harold J. Laski, 1916-1935, John C. H. Wu
Howe: Holmes-Laski Letters: The Correspondence Of Mr. Justice Holmes And Harold J. Laski, 1916-1935, John C. H. Wu
Michigan Law Review
A Review of HOLMES-LASKI LETTERS: THE CORRESPONDENCE OF MR. JUSTICE HOLMES AND HAROLD J. LASKI, 1916-1935. Edited by Mark DeWolfe Howe.
Torts-Libel And Slander, David D. Dowd, Jr.
Torts-Libel And Slander, David D. Dowd, Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff brought an action in slander alleging that defendant orally described him as a Communist during the course of a neighborhood argument. Plaintiff further asserted that when the defamatory words were spoken he held the position of an official in the United Financial Employees Union. Defendant moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. Held, complaint dismissed with leave to amend. The court ruled that the averments were not sufficient to show special damage to the plaintiff, nor did they support an interpretation that the words …
Clandestine Speech And The First Amendment, Wallace Mendelson
Clandestine Speech And The First Amendment, Wallace Mendelson
Michigan Law Review
In a comment" written at the conclusion of the Communist leaders' trial Professor Nathanson noted that Judge Medina's instructions required for a verdict of guilty that the jury "find only that the defendants intended to accomplish the overthrow of government 'as speedily as circumstances would permit it to be achieved.' " This, wrote Professor Nathanson, was "inconsistent with the clear-and-present-danger test as formulated by Holmes and Brandeis, unless there were other circumstances in the facts actually presented which made that test inapplicable." A major part of the balance of the comment is an attempt to refute a suggestion that clandestine, …
Torts-Libel And Slander-Absolute Privilege To Press Releases Of Executive Officials, Constantine D. Kasson
Torts-Libel And Slander-Absolute Privilege To Press Releases Of Executive Officials, Constantine D. Kasson
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, Attorney General for the state of Pennsylvania, wrote a letter to a District Attorney demanding the dismissal of the plaintiff, an Assistant District Attorney, because of the plaintiff's alleged communistic activities and associations, information of which had been brought to the attention of the defendant by the State Police. Before delivery of the letter to the District Attorney, the defendant released it to the newspapers. Plaintiff brought a libel action alleging the statements to be false and maliciously made. The defendant demurred and the court sustained. On appeal, held, affirmed. Although the defendant himself has no power to …