Law and Philosophy Commons^™

Revocation And Retribution, Jacob Schuman

Washington Law Review

Revocation of community supervision is a defining feature of American criminal law. Nearly 4.5 million people in the United States are on parole, probation, or supervised release, and 1/3 eventually have their supervision revoked, sending 350,000 to prison each year. Academics, activists, and attorneys warn that “mass supervision” has become a powerful engine of mass incarceration.

This is the first Article to study theories of punishment in revocation of community supervision, focusing on the federal system of supervised release. Federal courts apply a primarily retributive theory of revocation, aiming to sanction defendants for their “breach of trust.” However, the structure, …

Caring For The Souls Of Our Students: The Evolution Of A Community Economic Development Clinic During Turbulent Times, Gowri Krishna, Kelly Pfeifer, Dana Thompson

Articles & Chapters

Community Economic Development (CED) clinicians regularly address issues surrounding economic, racial, and social justice, as those are the core principles motivating their work to promote vibrant, diverse, and sustainable communities. When COVID-19 arrived, and heightened attention to police brutality and racial injustice ensued, CED clinicians focused not only on how to begin to address these issues in their clinics, but on how to discuss these issues more deeply and effectively with their students. This essay highlights the ways in which the pandemic school year influenced significant rethinking of one CED clinic’s operations: first, the pandemic sharpened the clinic’s mission to …

Addressing The Harms Of Pornography, Gillian Allison

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Within this paper I look at the existing philosophical work on pornography, from scholars like Catherine MacKinnon, Ronald Dworkin, and Rae Langton to show the current state of the pornography debate that I intend to enter by presenting my own argument about the morality of pornography. I argue that while pornography is harmful, these harms are best resolved through increased sexual education and the popularization and production of more inclusive pornography. The harms pornography causes are so great because pornography is where a lot of people learn about sex. Pornography was never designed to depict an average sexual experience. If …

What Is "United" About The United States?, Gary S. Lawson

Faculty Scholarship

Jack Balkin’s The Cycles of Constitutional Time aims, among other things, to preserve and promote what Jack regards as “democracy and republicanism,” understood as “a joint enterprise by citizens and their representatives to pursue and promote the public good.” My question is whether and how this normative project is possible in a world full of perceptions of social, political, and moral phenomena akin to the white dress/blue dress internet controversy of 2015. Even if Madison had the better of Montesquieu in 1788 (and that is questionable), the United States has grown dramatically since the founding era, in a patchwork, and …

The 2021 Race For Pa. Supreme Court: The Questions The Candidates Have To Answer, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

September 28, 2021: The Pennsylvania Supreme Court Race--I Don't Trust The Democrats And I Am Afraid Of The Republicans, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “The Pennsylvania Supreme Court Race--I don't trust the Democrats and I am afraid of the Republicans“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

Adding Context And Constraint To Corpus Linguistics, Jeffrey W. Stempel

Brooklyn Law Review

Corpus linguistics presents an exciting tool for improving interpretation of documentary language. But it would be a mistake to overvalue the tool or to use it as grounds for ejecting consideration of other data from the interpretative task. While properly operationalized corpus linguistics analysis represents an advancement over traditional textualism, it remains subject to the same problems that plague excessively rigid textualism that refuses to give consideration to contextual evidence of meaning. To be most effective in achieving accurate and just interpretative results, corpus linguistics, like traditional reading of documentary language, requires context. This includes not only the context of …

Big Data And Accuracy In Statutory Interpretation, Brian G. Slocum

Brooklyn Law Review

Scholarship is increasingly devoted to improving the “accuracy” of statutory interpretations, but accuracy is a contingent concept dependent on interpretive perspective. If, for instance, a scholar focuses on the language production of the legislature, she may seek to improve the methodology of statutory interpretation through a more sophisticated understanding of the legislative process. Thus, the scholar may argue that one can assess the reliability of the different types of legislative history by focusing on the actors and processes that produce them. Conversely, a scholar might focus on the language comprehension of some speech community, such as the one comprised of …

Mechanical Turk Jurisprudence, Shlomo Klapper

Brooklyn Law Review

This paper argues that data-driven interpretation creates a “Mechanical Turk” jurisprudence: a jurisprudence that appears mechanical but in fact is thoroughly human. Its contribution to the literature is twofold. First, it articulates an intellectual history of data-driven interpretation: data-driven tools have been adopted because society associates quantification with a mechanical objectivity and because objectivity is at the center of debates over statutory interpretation. Second, it criticizes surveys as an interpretative tool: in addition to a host of practical execution problems, surveys misunderstand the concept of “ordinary meaning” and threaten to undermine the value of faithful agency.

What Counts As Data?, Anya Bernstein

Brooklyn Law Review

We live in an age of information. But whether information counts as data depends on the questions we put to it. The same bit of information can constitute important data for some questions, but be irrelevant to others. And even when relevant, the same bit of data can speak to one aspect of our question while having little to say about another. Knowing what counts as data, and what it is data of, makes or breaks a data-driven approach. Yet that need for clarity sometimes gets ignored or assumed away. In this essay, I examine what counts as data in …

Two Types Of Empirical Textualism, Kevin Tobia, John Mikhail

Brooklyn Law Review

Modern textualist and originalist theories increasingly center interpretation around the “ordinary” or “public” meaning of legal texts. This approach is premised on the promotion of values like publicity, fair notice, and democratic legitimacy. As such, ordinary meaning is typically understood as a question about how members of the general public understand the text—an empirical question with an objective answer. This essay explores the role of empirical methods, particularly experimental survey methods, in these ordinary meaning inquiries. The essay expresses optimism about new insight that empirical methods can bring, but it also cautions against the view that these methods will deliver …

Hypothesis Testing Ordinary Meaning, Daniel Keller, Jesse Egbert

Brooklyn Law Review

Corpus linguistic tools promise to make determinations of the ordinary meaning (OM) of a word or phrase in a statute more objective, replicable, and transparent. However, significant questions remain as to how corpora may best be employed in the process of determining OM. In this paper, we argue that objectivity, replicability, and transparency are bolstered when legal practitioners take a hypothesis testing approach to determining ordinary meaning. In this approach, the corpus (a large collection of authentic texts) is treated as a sample of data which the practitioner may use to draw inductive inferences about the meaning of the term …

September 20, 2021: Two Recent Columns--The Texas Anti-Abortion Statute And Justice Wecht And The Death Of God, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Two Recent Columns--the Texas Anti-Abortion statute and Justice Wecht and the Death of God“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

September 2, 2021: The Steal In The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “The steal in the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

September 16, 2021: Forgiveness, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Forgiveness“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

Did Pa. Supreme Court Justice David Wecht Herald The Death Of God?, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

I Am Resigning From The Pro-Life Movement, Bruce Ledewitz

Ledewitz Papers

Published scholarship collected from academic journals, law reviews, newspaper publications & online periodicals

September 11, 2021: Twenty Years Later, 9/11 Is Finally Over, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Twenty Years Later, 9/11 is finally over“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

September 10, 2021: Secular Repentence, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Secular Repentence“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

The Steal In The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, Explained, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

Wandering With Artificial Intelligence And Its Obscure Legal Liability, Muhammad Pasha Nur Fauzan, Darian Amarta, Evan Tobias, Vikri Ricardo, Melania Fidela G.

Indonesia Law Review

The high level of autonomy of AI will raise the problem of legal liability at some point in the future. If AI’s behaviour causes an illegal consequence, who to held liable? This article will explore the problem concerning legal liability of AI into two main discussion. The first discussion will explore the possibility of imposing legal liability of AI to human. This part will discuss various available option to solve the AI liability problem by imposing legal liability on either users or manufacturers. While the second discussion will explore the possibility of imposing legal liability of AI to AI itself. …

Doj’S Refusal To Defend Mo Brooks Was Wrong; Prosecuting Trump Would Be Worse, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

August 20, 2021: Defend Mo Brooks; Don't Prosecute Donald Trump--This Week's Column In The Pa Capital-Star, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “ Defend Mo Brooks; Don't Prosecute Donald Trump--this week's column in the Pa Capital-Star“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

August 15, 2021: What Has Gone Wrong And What Can We Do About It?, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “What Has Gone Wrong and What Can We Do About It?“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

August 14, 2021: Lale Gul Wants To Lie On The Beach In A Bikin, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Lale Gul Wants to Lie on the Beach in a Bikin“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

What A Novel Can Teach Us About Religion In America, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

August 3, 2021: The Startup Wife Shows We Need Help With Our Spiritual Infrastructure--This Week's Column, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “The Startup Wife Shows We Need Help With Our Spiritual Infrastructure--This Week's Column“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

July 31, 2021: Give Trump The Presidential Medal Of Freedom, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “Give Trump the Presidential Medal of Freedom“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

July 27, 2021: The Universe Is On Our Side Is Now On Sale On The Oup Website, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “The Universe Is on Our Side is now on sale on the OUP Website“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

July 27, 2021: Last Week's Column In Pennsylvania Capital-Star, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “ Last Week's Column in Pennsylvania Capital-Star“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.