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Articles 241 - 270 of 295
Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender
A Tribute To Judge Kaye, Nicholas W. Allard
A Tribute To Judge Kaye, Nicholas W. Allard
Brooklyn Law Review
This collection of remarks from scholars, practitioners, and judges serves as a tribute to the life of the beloved and esteemed Judge Kaye and her commitment to the New York State Constitution. The collection culminates with Judge Kaye’s final essay, written for the Brooklyn Law Review, with her reflections on opportunity in life and law and New York’s State Constitution.
Credit Discrimination Based On Gender: The Need To Expand The Rights Of A Spousal Guarantor Under The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Allen Abraham
Credit Discrimination Based On Gender: The Need To Expand The Rights Of A Spousal Guarantor Under The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Allen Abraham
Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law
This Note focuses on the definition of “applicant” as defined in the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) and Regulation B. Specifically, this Note explores the expanded protections offered by the ECOA to spousal guarantors, after the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) expanded the definition of “applicant” by promulgating Regulation B. However, after a circuit split, where the Eighth Circuit, in Hawkins v. Community Bank of Raymore, held that a guarantor was not an “applicant” per the ECOA’s definition and the Sixth Circuit, in RL BB Acquisition, LLC v. Bridgemill Commons Development Group, LLC, followed Regulation B’s expansion of the definition of …
From Baby M To Baby M(Anji): Regulating International Surrogacy Agreements, Yehezkel Margalit
From Baby M To Baby M(Anji): Regulating International Surrogacy Agreements, Yehezkel Margalit
Journal of Law and Policy
In 1985, when Kim Cotton became Britain’s first commercial surrogate mother, Europe was exposed to the issue of surrogacy for the first time on a large scale. Three years later, in 1988, the famous case of Baby M drew the attention of the American public to surrogacy as well. These two cases implicated fundamental ethical and legal issues regarding domestic surrogacy and triggered a fierce debate about motherhood, child-bearing, and the relationship between procreation, science, and commerce. These two cases exemplified the debate regarding domestic surrogacy—a debate that has now been raging for decades. A new ethical and legal debate …
Litigating Transphobic Bathroom Bills: Envisioning Comprehensive Legal Strategies For Trans Liberation, Noah Lewis, Andy Izenson, Harper Jean Tobin, Ezra Cukor, Joshua Block, Pooja Gehi, Julie Suk, Kate Shaw
Litigating Transphobic Bathroom Bills: Envisioning Comprehensive Legal Strategies For Trans Liberation, Noah Lewis, Andy Izenson, Harper Jean Tobin, Ezra Cukor, Joshua Block, Pooja Gehi, Julie Suk, Kate Shaw
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
This symposium examines the legal and social challenges faced by transgender individuals, particularly in the context of bathroom access and anti-trans legislation. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to trans liberation, combining legal advocacy, grassroots efforts, and education. The analysis highlights the multifaceted nature of trans rights, including the role of storytelling, intersectionality, and the impact of political shifts on LGBT protections. The symposium underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy to achieve equality and justice for trans communities.
Consent Confusion, Aya Gruber
Consent Confusion, Aya Gruber
Publications
The slogans are ubiquitous: “Only ‘Yes’ Means ‘Yes’”; “Got Consent?”; “Consent is Hot, Assault is Not!” Clear consent is the rule, but the meaning of sexual consent is far from clear. The current state of confusion is evident in the numerous competing views about what constitutes mental agreement (grudging acceptance or eager desire?) and what comprises performative consent (passive acquiescence or an enthusiastic “yes”?). This paper seeks to clear up the consent confusion. It charts the contours of the sexual consent framework, categorizes different definitions of affirmative consent, and critically describes arguments for and against affirmative consent. Today’s widespread uncertainty …
Not Affirmative Consent, Aya Gruber
Genetic Essentialism In Family Law, Jennifer S. Hendricks
Genetic Essentialism In Family Law, Jennifer S. Hendricks
Publications
No abstract provided.
Expanding The Core: Pregnancy Discrimination Law As It Approaches Full Term, Joanna L. Grossman
Expanding The Core: Pregnancy Discrimination Law As It Approaches Full Term, Joanna L. Grossman
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
The advocates behind the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) of 1978 had one very specific mission: to override the Supreme Court’s 1976 decision in General Electric v. Gilbert, in which it had curiously held that pregnancy discrimination had nothing to do with gender and was thus not a form of actionable sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Court was not acting on a blank slate; it had used the same reasoning two years earlier to hold, in Geduldig v. Aiello, that pregnancy discrimination was not sex discrimination for equal protection purposes and therefore was …
Book Review Of Lizzie Borden On Trial: Murder, Ethnicity, And Gender, Linda K. Tesar
Book Review Of Lizzie Borden On Trial: Murder, Ethnicity, And Gender, Linda K. Tesar
Library Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Appeals Court Declines To Consider Immigrant’S Claim He’S Bisexual, Arthur S. Leonard
Appeals Court Declines To Consider Immigrant’S Claim He’S Bisexual, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Lesbian Co-Parent Victory In Kentucky, Arthur S. Leonard
Lesbian Co-Parent Victory In Kentucky, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
We'll Always Be Bosom Buddies, Arthur S. Leonard
We'll Always Be Bosom Buddies, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
On Pride’S Eve, The State Of Transgender Equality, Arthur S. Leonard
On Pride’S Eve, The State Of Transgender Equality, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Lgbt Law Notes, Arthur S. Leonard
Resistance On Bathrooms, Marriage Sparks Flood Of Litigation, Arthur S. Leonard
Resistance On Bathrooms, Marriage Sparks Flood Of Litigation, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Conviction Nixed, But No Wrongful Imprisonment Suit For Poz Man, Arthur S. Leonard
Conviction Nixed, But No Wrongful Imprisonment Suit For Poz Man, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Supreme Court Takes Up School Bathroom Issue, Arthur S. Leonard
Supreme Court Takes Up School Bathroom Issue, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
The Presidential Election And Lgbt Law, Arthur S. Leonard
The Presidential Election And Lgbt Law, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Only Straight Students Protected From Homophobic Harassment!, Arthur S. Leonard
Only Straight Students Protected From Homophobic Harassment!, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
San Antonio 4 Win Declaration Of Innocence, Arthur S. Leonard
San Antonio 4 Win Declaration Of Innocence, Arthur S. Leonard
Other Publications
No abstract provided.
Shattering The Glass Ceiling In International Adjudication, Nienke Grossman
Shattering The Glass Ceiling In International Adjudication, Nienke Grossman
All Faculty Scholarship
The Article shows that women are found in dramatically low numbers on the benches of the majority of the world’s most important international courts, analyzes the causes of this phenomenon and proposes and evaluates solutions. It establishes that the number of women in the pool of potential judges does not appear to dictate how many women become international judges. It shows, too, that when selection procedures are closed and opaque, and there is no quota or aspirational target for a sex-balanced bench, women obtain international judgeships in disproportionately low numbers. On the other hand, when a quota or aspirational target …
En-Gendering Economic Inequality, Michele E. Gilman
En-Gendering Economic Inequality, Michele E. Gilman
All Faculty Scholarship
We live in an era of growing economic inequality. Luminaries ranging from the President to the Pope to economist Thomas Piketty in his bestselling book Capital in the Twenty- First Century have raised alarms about the disparity between the haves and the have-nots. Overlooked, however, in these important discussions is the reality that economic inequality is not a uniform experience; rather, its effects fall more harshly on women and minorities. With regard to gender, American women have higher rates of poverty and get paid less than comparable men, and their workplace participation rates are falling. Yet economic inequality is neither …
Achieving Sex-Representative International Court Benches, Nienke Grossman
Achieving Sex-Representative International Court Benches, Nienke Grossman
All Faculty Scholarship
Twenty-five years ago, in this Journal, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine Chinkin, and Shelley Wright argued that the structures of international law “privilege men.”1 As shown in Table 1, which summarizes data from a forthcoming article, on nine of twelve international courts of varied size, subject-matter jurisdiction, and global and regional membership, women made up 20 percent or less of the bench in mid 2015.2 On many of these courts, the percentage of women on the bench has stayed constant, vacillated, or even declined over time.3 Women made up a lower percentage of the bench in mid 2015 than in previous years …
Same-Sex Marriage, Italian Style, Matteo M. Winkler
Same-Sex Marriage, Italian Style, Matteo M. Winkler
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article examines Italy's exceptionalism in same-sex marriage rights through the lens of the Bernaroli case, highlighting the country's divergence from European legal trends. It argues that the Italian Constitutional Court's heteronormative interpretation of Article 29 of the Constitution, which prohibits same-sex marriage, reflects a broader resistance to recognizing same-sex unions despite international human rights standards. The case underscores the tension between domestic law and supranational legal frameworks, such as rulings from the European Court of Human Rights, which have increasingly supported the recognition of same-sex relationships. The article concludes that while Italy has made limited progress with its 2016 …
The Myth Of Gender Equality In Turkey: Her Name Or Sir-Name?, Joseph Zand, Bahar Öcal Apaydın
The Myth Of Gender Equality In Turkey: Her Name Or Sir-Name?, Joseph Zand, Bahar Öcal Apaydın
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
Gender equality is one of the most contentious matters in the contemporary Turkish society. Unlike in many other parts of the developed world, Turkish women still struggle to use their maiden name, as well as to pass it on to their children upon marriage. A woman's surname is of crucial importance to her identity. Despite the fact that Turkey is a part of the European Civil Law tradition and the Turkish Civil Code has a specific provision regarding women's surnames, Turkey has failed to grant its female population a choice in relation to their surname after marriage. The European Court …
Religion's Power Over Reproductive Care: State Religious Freedom Restoration Laws And Abortion, Sophia Martin Schechner
Religion's Power Over Reproductive Care: State Religious Freedom Restoration Laws And Abortion, Sophia Martin Schechner
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The note argues that state Religious Freedom Restoration Acts (RFRAs), such as those in Missouri and Alabama, can be strategically used by pro-choice advocates to challenge restrictive informed consent laws for abortion, as these laws may violate the Establishment Clause and unduly burden women's religious freedom. By leveraging state RFRAs, advocates can resist reproductive care restrictions imposed by such laws, offering a novel legal strategy to protect abortion access.
My Hair Is Not Like Yours: Workplace Hair Grooming Policies For African American Women As Racial Stereotyping In Violation Of Title Vii, Dawn D. Bennett-Alexander, Linda F. Harrison
My Hair Is Not Like Yours: Workplace Hair Grooming Policies For African American Women As Racial Stereotyping In Violation Of Title Vii, Dawn D. Bennett-Alexander, Linda F. Harrison
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
This article argues that workplace discrimination based on hair grooming policies disproportionately impacts African American women. The article seeks to establish that natural hair is an immutable characteristic, as is all hair, made mutable by social policies that impose an "acceptable" standard of beauty that was never meant to include or reflect black women. Often placed under workplace or other institutional grooming policies, the article posits that these policies are no more than a continuation of race-based policies that reflect unlawful stereotyping under Title VII and should be eliminated. Lastly, the article proposes a set of questions that test the …
Property's Immortality, Shelly Kreiczer-Levy
Property's Immortality, Shelly Kreiczer-Levy
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The law ofpost most-mortem transfers assumes an autonomous individual, free to will their property as they see fit. This Article offers a relational critique of this legal reality, and highlights the implications ofsuch a critique for gender equality. Although property's role in supporting relationships and facilitating cooperation has long been celebrated, post-mortem transfers pose a challenge to relational legal theory. It is commonly held that death puts a stop to all relationships and defies all relational commitments. This Article builds on a different perception of death, and argues that the need to transcend mortality is profoundly relational. Property-related projects can …
Housing Intersex Juvenile Offenders, Janae Hunte
Housing Intersex Juvenile Offenders, Janae Hunte
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The note examines the legal and societal challenges faced by intersex individuals, particularly in the U.S. prison system, arguing that current laws and policies fail to adequately protect their rights. It highlights the need for standardized guidelines and protections, advocating for federal standards that respect intersex individuals' autonomy and safety in prison housing. The analysis focuses on the intersection of medical normalization practices, constitutional rights, and legislative shortcomings, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues through legal reform and policy changes.
Reconsidering The Remedy Of Gender Quotas, Tracy A. Thomas
Reconsidering The Remedy Of Gender Quotas, Tracy A. Thomas
Akron Law Faculty Publications
When newly-elected Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was asked by surprised reporters why he appointed women as fifty percent of his new cabinet, he responded simply, “Because it’s 2015.” Just because. Because it’s time. In fact, he suggested, it is long past time for having to justify including women as one-half of the power structure when women constitute one-half of the population. And it’s time for meaningful change in shared governance by something as pragmatically simple as selecting fifteen women and fifteen men for appointments. Similarly, it is long past time for justifying the need to reform American institutions that …