Law and Gender Commons^™

Poems By Richard Krech, Richard Krech

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

No abstract provided.

All Carrots And No Sticks: Moving Beyond The Misapplication Of Burlington Industries, Inc. V. Ellerth, E. Jacob Lindstrom

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

In pair of 1998 cases, Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth and Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, the U.S. Supreme Court crafted a new framework for employer liability in sexual harassment cases. Thenceforth, employers were to be strictly liable for the harassment of employees by supervisors, but employers would also be able to employ an affirmative defense if (a) the employer acted reasonably in preventing and correcting harassment and (b) the employee acted unreasonably in avoiding or stopping the harassment. The Court marketed this new framework as a compromise between the competing values of eliminating harassment (hence, strict liability) and …

Crimes Without Punishment: Violence Against Women In Guatemala, Karen Musalo, Elisabeth Pellegrin, S. Shawn Roberts

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

In Guatemala, impunity for the battering and killing of women is at such levels that perpetrators rightly feel confident that there is no price to pay for their unrestrained violence. Each year the number of women murdered rises precipitously, and there is general consensus that the impunity enjoyed by those responsible is a significant factor in the escalating numbers of killings in Guatemala. As a result, victims are fleeing persecution to the United States, seeking, with little success, asylum. One of the main factors contributing to the delay in deciding asylum cases is the government's fear of "opening the floodgates," …

Am I That Race - Punjabi Mexicans And Hybrid Sensitivity, Or How To Do Theory So That It Doesn't Do You, Faljuni A. Sheth

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This paper explores the conceptual and racial status of "Punjabi Mexicans" at the turn of the twentieth century. In the literature, this group appears to be a "given," i.e., it is portrayed as a coherent identity that emerges from a simple set of circumstances. Yet, it is anything but a given; its existence and its collective and individual consciousness is created out of a complex nexus of legal, political, social, and natural environments that spurred the migration of East-Indian men and Mexican women from their homelands and to their adopted lands. By understanding human beings as subjects rather than as …

Lost In Forest Grove: Interpreting Idea's Inherent Paradox, Natalie Pyong Kocher

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

The passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ("IDEA"), a major civil rights bill, provided children with disabilities heightened access to education. At the heart of the IDEA is a school district's responsibility to provide each child with an individualized education, often referred to as a "free appropriate public education" ("FAPE"). Where a public school district is itself unable to provide a FAPE, IDEA requires the district to pay for the student's enrollment in a private school. Courts initially interpreted IDEA to require that parents give public school districts an opportunity to provide a FAPE before removing their child …

Use Of Female Interrogators: The Analysis Of Sexualized Interrogations The Detainee Interrogation Working Group Did Not Conduct, Celia Rumann

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

In the years following the Abu Ghraib scandal, it has become apparent that Lynndie England was punished for the crime of providing the world with photographic evidence of a government policy of using sexuality as a weapon of war. Ms. England's actions were not, as has been asserted, borne of whole cloth out of the sexually deviant minds of young soldiers bent on exploiting prisoners for their own amusement. Rather, they embodied the arguably extreme end of the systematic work of the United States government to engage in sexually deviant exploitation of prisoners purportedly for the collective safety and well-being …

Enhancing The Effectiveness Of Mediation In Korean-American Family Disputes: Cultural Sensitivity Training For Mediators And Co-Mediation Teams, Giyang An

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Note focuses primarily on first generation KoreanAmerican women who remain loyal to community values that follow traditional Korean norms, especially when it comes to gender and family roles. To demonstrate the effects of these social values, this Note will analyze conflicts stemming from the various roles and identities (e.g., as a wife or mother) of Korean-American women. In addition, this Note will discuss the different ways Koreans and Americans view the legal systems in their respective countries, and how Koreans generally have a more favorable view of mediation than the confrontational model of litigation. This Note will focus on …

Relocation Revisited: Sex Trafficking Of Native Women In The United States, Sarah Deer

Faculty Scholarship

The Trafficking Victim Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) signaled a comprehensive campaign by the United States (US) government to address the scourge of human trafficking in the US and abroad. The US rhetoric about sex trafficking suggests that the problem originates in foreign countries and/or is recent problem. Neither claim is correct. This article details the historical and legal context of sex trafficking from its origin among the colonial predecessors of the US and documents the commercial trafficking of Native women over several centuries. Native women have experienced generations of enslavement, exploitation, exportation, and relocation. Human trafficking is not just …

Discrimination Out Of Dismissiveness: The Example Of Infertility, David Orentlicher

Indiana Law Journal

In recent years, antidiscrimination theory and doctrine have rested heavily on the "anticaste" principle first invoked in Strauder v. West Virginia According to this principle, equal protection law and antidiscrimination statutes should eradicate public-and private-policies that subject some persons to ongoing stigma and subordination and therefore to second-class status in society. This Article argues that while a focus on stigma and subordination is important, it misses a key source of discrimination-the discriminationt hat arises from dismissiveness. Antidiscrimination law has recognized the need to overcome the discrimination that results from invidious bias, unfair stereotyping, irrational fear accumulated myths, or simple neglect.A …

'France' In An Encyclopedia Of Infanticide. Ed. Brigitte Bechtold And Donna Cooper Graves. Edwin Mellen Press, 2010. 105-107., Sara L. Kimble

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Faculty and Staff Works

No abstract provided.

The Struggling Class: Replacing An Insider White Female Middle Class Dream With A Struggling Black Female Reality, Angela Mae Kupenda

Journal Articles

“What is the appropriate role of former outsiders who are now on the inside?” I propose that the appropriate role for an outsider who is now an insider, is not to sprawl out on plush, white, crushed velvet sofas, sipping vintage wines or imported teas and nibbling at aged cheese and delicate crackers while enjoying being one among a quota or token few that made it to the inside. Rather, the role of a former outsider is to go to work from the inside to dismantle the house, shrewdly using available tools to remove the nails from the walls, loosening …

Theorizing And Litigating The Rights Of Sexual Minorities, Nancy Levit

Faculty Works

One of the best measures of a society is how it treats its vulnerable groups. A central idea in Professor Martha Nussbaum's writings is that all humans "are of equal dignity and worth, no matter where they are situated in society." The strategic challenge in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) rights litigation is how to get courts to see sexual minorities as people worthy of equal dignity and respect. This article focuses on the roles of a positive emotion - love - and a procedural method of proof - science - in the shaping of laws defining the rights …

Sex In And Out Of Intimacy, Laura A. Rosenbury, Jennifer E. Rothman

UF Law Faculty Publications

The state has long attempted to regulate sexual activity by channeling sex into various forms of state-supported intimacy. Although commentators and legal scholars of diverse political perspectives generally believe such regulation is declining, the freedom to engage in diverse sexual activities has not been established as a matter of law. Instead, courts have extended legal protection to consensual sexual acts only to the extent such acts support other state interests, most often marriage and procreation. Although Lawrence v. Texas altered some aspects of that vision, it reinscribed others by suggesting that sexual activity should be protected from state interference only …

Shift Happens: The U.S. Supreme Court's Shifting Antidiscrimination Rhetoric, Theresa M. Beiner

Law Faculty Scholarship

The United States Supreme Court’s discourse on discrimination affects how fundamental civil rights - such as the right to be free from gender and race discrimination - are adjudicated and conceptualized in this country. Shortly after Congress passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Court established precedent that assumed discrimination, absent some other compelling explanation for employer conduct. While the Court was more reluctant to presume such discrimination by governmental actors, it was deferent to Congress’s ability to set standards that would presume discrimination. Over time, however, that presumption and the Court’s deference to Congress has …

Symposium Foreword: Applied Feminism And Marginalized Communities, Michele E. Gilman

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Returning Home: Women In Post-Conflict Societies, Naomi Cahn, Dina Haynes, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Judging Mothering, Chris Gottlieb

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go West Young Woman!: The Mercer Girls And Legal Historiography, Kristin Collins

Faculty Scholarship

This essay is a response to Professor Kerry Abrams’s article The Hidden Dimension of Nineteenth-Century Immigration Law, published in Vanderbilt Law Review. The Hidden Dimension tells the story of Washington Territory’s entrepreneurial Asa Shinn Mercer, who endeavored to bring hundreds of young women from the East Coast to the tiny frontier town of Seattle as prospective brides for white men who had settled there. Abrams locates the story of the Mercer Girls, as they were called, in the history of American immigration law. My response locates The Hidden Dimension in American legal historiography, both that branch of American legal historiography …

Are Gender Stereotypes Bad For Women? Rethinking Antidiscrimination Law And Work-Family Conflict, Julie C. Suk

Articles

The conflict between work and family responsibilities remains a significant barrier to women's equality in the American workplace. As many commentators have noted with envy, the United States stands apart from most European countries in its failure to give women a legal right to paid maternity leave.

This Article argues that the United States's potential for reconciling the work-family conflict is undermined by the predominance of antidiscrimination law. The unique trajectory of U.S. antidiscrimination law, designed to combat paternalism and gender stereotypes, has pushed family and medical leave into a single legal regime. But today, due to the costs and …

Pregnant Man: A Conversation, Darren Rosenblum, Noa Ben-Asher, Mary Anne Case, Elizabeth Emens, Berta E. Hernandez-Truyol,, Vivian M. Gutierrez, Lisa C. Ikemoto, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Jacob Willig-Onwuachi, Kimberly Mutcherson, Peter Siegelman, Beth Jones

Faculty Scholarship

I'm a law professor who works on gender, sexuality, and culture in the international and comparative context. That's my head working. In "real" life, my partner, Howard, and I have been engaged in having a baby together for several years, a project that came to fruition with the birth of our daughter Melina. Of course, such a project evokes intensely complex feelings and thoughts. Beyond a simple transposition of the personal onto the political, I feel so fortunate to have engaged in myriad conversations with a variety of friends and colleagues who think much more carefully about the family and …

A Co-Parent Win In Nebraska, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Converging Queer And Feminist Legal Theories: Family Feuds And Family Ties, Elaine Craig

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The notion that queer theory and feminism are inevitably in tension with one another has been well developed both by queer and feminist theorists. Queer theorists have critiqued feminist theories for being anti-sex, overly moralistic, essentialist, and statist. Feminist theorists have rejected queer theory as being un-critically pro-sex and dangerously protective of the private sphere. Unfortunately these reductionist accounts of what constitutes a plethora of diverse, eclectic and overlapping theoretical approaches to issues of sex, gender, and sexuality, often fail to account for the circumstances where these methodological approaches converge on legal projects aimed at advancing the complex justice interests …

Converging Queer And Feminist Legal Theories: Family Feuds And Family Ties, Elaine Craig

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The notion that queer theory and feminism are inevitably in tension with one another has been well developed both by queer and feminist theorists. Queer theorists have critiqued feminist theories for being anti-sex, overly moralistic, essentialist, and statist. Feminist theorists have rejected queer theory as being un-critically pro-sex and dangerously protective of the private sphere. Unfortunately these reductionist accounts of what constitutes a plethora of diverse, eclectic and overlapping theoretical approaches to issues of sex, gender, and sexuality, often fail to account for the circumstances where these methodological approaches converge on legal projects aimed at advancing the complex justice interests …

Introduction To 'Queer Theory: Law, Culture, Empire', Robert Leckey, Kim Brooks

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This is the introduction to an edited collection. The book uses queer theory to examine the complex interactions of law, culture, and empire in relation to sexual minorities. Building on recent work on empire, it studies how law-reform efforts by sexual minorities can unwittingly advance imperial projects and how queer theory can itself show imperial ambitions. The book takes a contextual, socio-legal, comparative, and interdisciplinary approach. The authors - from five continents - study examples from Bollywood cinema to California’s 2008 marriage referendum. The chapters view a wide range of texts - from cultural productions to laws and judgments - …

Rescuing Trafficking From Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform And Anti-Trafficking Law And Policy, Janie Chuang

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

In the decade since it became a priority on the United States' national agenda, the issue of human trafficking has spawned enduring controversy. New legal definitions of “trafficking” were codified in international and U.S. law in 2000, but what conduct qualifies as “trafficking” remains hotly contested. Despite shared moral outrage over the plight of trafficked persons, debates over whether trafficking encompasses voluntary prostitution continue to rend the anti-trafficking advocacy community - and are as intractable as debates over abortion and other similarly contentious social issues. Attempts to equate trafficking with slavery invite both disdain and favor: they are often rejected …

The Basic Law At 60 - Equality And Difference: A Proposal For The Guest List To The Birthday Party, Susanne Baer

Articles

The German constitution, named "Basic Law", has proven to work although many did not believe in it when it was framed. Others emphasize desiderata. Sabine Berghahn commented at the 50th birthday that it has developed "far too slowly and [some] has even gone completely wrong." ' Jutta Limbach, former President of the Federal Constitutional Court, observed that constitutional history was "anything but regal, but very difficult and full of obstacles. '' 2 Former Chancellor Willy Brandt famously called the constitution "a snail on thin ice." So what is missing when we analyze the Basic Law, and what should be finally …

Do Ugly Criminals Receive Harsher Sentences? An Analysis Of Lookism In The Criminal Justice System, Kelly Beck

Business and Economics Honors Papers

For many years, researchers have attempted to find a link between beauty and labor market outcomes. Although many important findings have been noted in these studies, the beauty analysis utilized was a subjective measurement. This subjective method, while important, may have external factors creating bias in the rating itself. In this study, the impact of beauty is applied to criminals and their sentences. Using a computer based symmetry measurement tool, an objective beauty measurement will be utilized. This study will seek to uncover whether or not criminals who are less attractive, measured through facial symmetry, receive harsher prison sentences than …

Citizenship Privilege Or The Right To Religious Freedom: The Blackmailing Of France's Islamic Women, Yael Barbibay

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines the tension between France's commitment to laïcité and the rights of Islamic immigrants, particularly women, to religious freedom and cultural identity. It critiques the denial of citizenship to Faiza Mabchour, arguing that such decisions reflect a broader effort to suppress Islamic practices and undermine pluralism. The analysis contends that France's rigid application of laïcité violates international human rights norms, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The article advocates for a more inclusive approach to citizenship that balances secularism with religious freedom and cultural diversity.

The Third Wave's Break From Feminism, Bridget J. Crawford

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Janet Halley proves that third-wave feminism is wrong - wrongly described, that is. Young feminists in the United States tout a "third wave" of feminism that is hip, ironic and playful - the supposed opposite of the dour and strident "second wave" of 1970's feminism. Goodbye frumpy sandals; hello sexy fishnets, according to third-wave feminism. Initially young women themselves (and now writers and scholars) embraced a pervasive wave metaphor to convey the belief that differences within feminism are generational. Youth crashes against (and ultimately overtakes) its elders. But rifts within feminism cannot be so neatly explained. The story is more …

A Little More Mascara: Response To Making Up Is Hard To Do, Darren Rosenblum

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Response to the exploration of the dynamics of race, gender, and sexual orientation in the law school classroom by Professors Adrienne Davis and Robert Chang.