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Law and Gender Commons™

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2008

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Institution
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Articles 61 - 90 of 168

Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender

"Please Write 'E' In This Box" Toward Self-Identification And Recognition Of A Third Gender: Approaches In The United States And India, Jennifer Rellis Jan 2008

"Please Write 'E' In This Box" Toward Self-Identification And Recognition Of A Third Gender: Approaches In The United States And India, Jennifer Rellis

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Part I of this Article defines intersexuality and highlights the legal and societal complications that occur when the concept of the fixed male-female gender binary is challenged. Part II describes the unique role of the hijras in India, who are both revered and discriminated against, and suggests that India is beginning to legally recognize a third gender through the grassroots advocacy of the hijras. Part III contrasts the experience of intersexed individuals in the United States by describing the current protocol to deal with the "medical emergency" of the birth of an intersexed child. This section forecasts legal issues facing …

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Unusual Suspects: Recognizing And Responding To Female Staff Perpetrators Of Sexual Misconduct In U.S. Prisons, Lauren A. Teichner Jan 2008

Unusual Suspects: Recognizing And Responding To Female Staff Perpetrators Of Sexual Misconduct In U.S. Prisons, Lauren A. Teichner

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Despite the general public's ignorance of this issue of sexual misconduct perpetrated by female prison staff against male inmates, such stories are remarkably familiar to those who study or work in the world of prisons. The Prison Rape Elimination Act ("PREA") of 2003 mandated that the Bureau of Justice Statistics ("the Bureau") undertake new studies of sexual violence in prisons. Accordingly, the Bureau released a report in July 2006 revealing some groundbreaking data. Of the 344 substantiated allegations of staff-on-inmate sexual violence made in federal, state, and private prisons in 2005, 67% of the overall victims were male inmates and …

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The Lactating Angel Or Activist? Public Breatsfeeding As Symbolic Speech, Elizabeth Hildebrand Matherne Jan 2008

The Lactating Angel Or Activist? Public Breatsfeeding As Symbolic Speech, Elizabeth Hildebrand Matherne

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The only way to combat this stigma against public breastfeeding is through the act of breastfeeding in public. The author proposes that breastfeeding is a powerful act of symbolic speech vital for discarding one of the lingering shackles of women's inequality that triggers first amendment protection. Breastfeeding in public addresses this stigma by treating two ills at once: 1) greater public exposure to the practice decreases the severity of society's reactions, and 2) the less stares and confrontation that publicly nursing mothers receive, the more likely they will be to breastfeed, whenever or wherever their baby is hungry. This will …

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Annotated Legal Bibliography On Gender Jan 2008

Annotated Legal Bibliography On Gender

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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A Quest For Acceptance: The Real Id Act And The Need For Comprehensive Gender Recognition Legislation In The United States, Jason Allen Jan 2008

A Quest For Acceptance: The Real Id Act And The Need For Comprehensive Gender Recognition Legislation In The United States, Jason Allen

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article maintains that the Real ID Act highlights the need for U.S. federal gender recognition legislation in the mold of the GRA. Part II offers background into the psychology of transgender people, explaining how the medical community views and treats this "condition." Part III illustrates the fundamental value of gender recognition rights and examines the inadequacy of U.S. statutory and case law. This discussion then traces the evolution of the GRA in the United Kingdom as the culmination of a mandate from the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Part IV argues that the United States should adopt a …

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Signaling Through Board Diversity: Is Anyone Listening?, Kimberly D. Krawiec, Lissa Lamkin Broome Jan 2008

Signaling Through Board Diversity: Is Anyone Listening?, Kimberly D. Krawiec, Lissa Lamkin Broome

Faculty Scholarship

The ethnic and gender make-up of corporate boards has been the subject of intense public and regulatory focus in many countries, including the United States, in recent years. Of particular interest has been quantitative research on the impact, if any, of board diversity on corporate performance. This body of work leaves substantial gaps in our understanding of the precise mechanisms by which board diversity may alter the corporate environment, if indeed it does. In this Symposium, we discuss some preliminary findings from our first thirty-five of a series of confidential, semi-structured interviews of 45 to 90 minutes in length with …

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Discriminatory Pay And Title Vii: Filing A Timely Claim, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 325 (2008), Megan E. Mowrey Jan 2008

Discriminatory Pay And Title Vii: Filing A Timely Claim, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 325 (2008), Megan E. Mowrey

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Foreword, Amanda Kennedy Jan 2008

Foreword, Amanda Kennedy

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

No abstract provided.

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The Evolution Of Women's Rights In Inheritance, Kristine S. Knaplund Jan 2008

The Evolution Of Women's Rights In Inheritance, Kristine S. Knaplund

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

The Evolution of Women's Rights in Inheritance explores the period shortly after the passage of the Married Women's Property Acts, when women had increasing economic power and, in many jurisdictions, the right to execute wills without their husbands' consent. Through original research and comparisons with earlier and later studies, the author discovered ways in which women differed significantly from men. In addition, the author found an astonishing amount of litigation, including will contests, objections to accounts, and actions to quiet title in over twenty percent of the wills. This study fills in gaps in the legal literature in women's history …

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The Future Of Women In The Legal Profession: Recognizing The Challenges Ahead By Reviewing Current Trends, Maria Pabon Lopez Jan 2008

The Future Of Women In The Legal Profession: Recognizing The Challenges Ahead By Reviewing Current Trends, Maria Pabon Lopez

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

In 2004, the Indiana Supreme Court Race and Gender Commission undertook a large survey of lawyers' perceptions about women in the legal profession in order to assess which areas of gender bias have improved and which areas could stand improvement. This Article takes the data from this survey and interprets its significance for women in the profession and for the justice system overall. The Article compares the findings from the 2004 study of Indiana lawyers to the findings of a similar earlier Indiana study (conducted in 1990), and draws conclusions regarding the overall occurrence of gender bias in Indiana along …

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Three's Company - How American Law Can Recognize A Third Social Parent In Same-Sex Headed Families, Laura Nicole Althouse Jan 2008

Three's Company - How American Law Can Recognize A Third Social Parent In Same-Sex Headed Families, Laura Nicole Althouse

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

In light of recent American and Canadian case law granting legal parenting rights to three parents in same-sex headed families, this Article explores how the Uniform Parentage Act can be modified to accommodate multiple parenthood within this population subset. The author draws from Professor Nancy Dowd's scholarship on unbundling social and economic parenting rights to support social fatherhood. The author also analyzes existing methods by which same-sex couples may obtain parenting rights under American law and recent California precedents applying the Uniform Parentage Act to recognize two legal mothers. The Article proposes that Nancy Dowd's revisions to the Act, coupled …

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The Flood Of Pregnancy Discrimination Cases: Balancing The Interests Of Pregnant Women And Their Employers, Jennifer Yue Jan 2008

The Flood Of Pregnancy Discrimination Cases: Balancing The Interests Of Pregnant Women And Their Employers, Jennifer Yue

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Welfare Reform In A Global Economy, 11 J. Gender Race & Just. 209 (2008), Steven D. Schwinn Jan 2008

Welfare Reform In A Global Economy, 11 J. Gender Race & Just. 209 (2008), Steven D. Schwinn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Spotlights: Mayda Colon Tsaknis, The Honorable Jeannie J. Hong, And Jennifer Maree, Sabrina Khan Jan 2008

Spotlights: Mayda Colon Tsaknis, The Honorable Jeannie J. Hong, And Jennifer Maree, Sabrina Khan

The Modern American

No abstract provided.

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Rabenmutter And The Glass Ceiling: An Analysis Of Role Conflict Experienced By Women Lawyers In Germany As Compared With Women Lawyers In The United States, Jacquelyn H. Slotkin Jan 2008

Rabenmutter And The Glass Ceiling: An Analysis Of Role Conflict Experienced By Women Lawyers In Germany As Compared With Women Lawyers In The United States, Jacquelyn H. Slotkin

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare women lawyers in Germany with women lawyers in the United States: their legal education, gender proportion in the legal profession, work opportunities, satisfaction with professional choices, and role conflicts. 22 Part I of this article will describe Germany's legal education and compare it with U.S. legal education. Part II will review the literature and issues relevant to German women lawyers as compared with U.S. women lawyers and will summarize and analyze how societal attitudes have affected women's choices in Germany and in the United States. Part III will compare demographic …

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Bionormativity And The Construction Of Parenthood, Katharine K. Baker Jan 2008

Bionormativity And The Construction Of Parenthood, Katharine K. Baker

Georgia Law Review

This Article explores the relationship between legal and biological parenthood. It examines how neither history, nor biology, nor moral philosophy dictate a legal regime in which parenthood must be based on biological connection, but that attractionto a biological (or"bionormative")regime remains strong. In explaining why, it suggests that much of what attracts people to bionormativity is not biology itself, but the way in which a biological regime constructs parenthood as a private, exclusive, and binary enterprise. It is these ancillary qualities of bionormativity that people may care the most about. Today, a variety of forces put pressure on these ancillary qualities …

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One The Steps Of The Mosque: The Legal Rights Of Non-Marital Children In Egypt, Laura M. Thomason Jan 2008

One The Steps Of The Mosque: The Legal Rights Of Non-Marital Children In Egypt, Laura M. Thomason

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This Note seeks to address the legal implications of being a non-marital child in Egypt and to parse out the legal discrimination from the social. It further explores Islam's influence on Egyptian law and whether the basic precepts of Islam are in part responsible for the legal treatment of nonmarital children in Egypt. Lastly, possible changes to the laws in Egypt are considered arising out of Egypt's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the implementation of this convention, and how it may influence the rights of non-marital children.

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The Hpv Vaccination: Necessary Of Evil, Pauline Self Jan 2008

The Hpv Vaccination: Necessary Of Evil, Pauline Self

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This Note discusses the recent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, whether the vaccine should be mandated for minors and the vaccine's legal, and medical implications. Presently, there exists a unique opportunity to significantly reduce the rate of HPV-associated cervical cancer through anti-viral vaccination strategies using the HPV vaccine. Despite the apparent public health benefits of the HPV vaccine, the desire of some lawmakers to mandate the vaccine for schoolgirls has placed it at the center of political, medical, and moral jousting throughout the country. The multiple state and federal proposals as well as a state bill signed into law making the …

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Posthumour Children, Hegemonic Human Rights, And The Dilemma Of Reform - Conservations Across Cultres, Uche Ewerlukwa Jan 2008

Posthumour Children, Hegemonic Human Rights, And The Dilemma Of Reform - Conservations Across Cultres, Uche Ewerlukwa

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This Article compares the unequal treatment of posthumous procreation in Africa and in the Western world within the contexts of jurisprudence and human rights discourse. Though customary law recognizes the legality of posthumous procreation in many parts of Africa, courts and international human rights advocates have condemned the practice as repugnant to public policy, public morality, and public health. The fact that comparable processes in the West have been ignored or even promoted suggests a double standard in human rights discourse, perhaps even an attempt to delegitimize non-Western customs while imposing Western values on non-Western societies. The Article urges cross-cultural …

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Because We Say So: The Unfortunate Denial Of Rights To Transgender Minors Regarding Transitions, Amanda Kennedy Jan 2008

Because We Say So: The Unfortunate Denial Of Rights To Transgender Minors Regarding Transitions, Amanda Kennedy

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This Note explores the barriers that transgender youth face when attempting to explore transition through counseling or medical treatment. The Note first addresses barriers facing the transgender community generally, including cost of transition, social hurdles, and psychological factors. The Note then addresses the legal ramifications of three different situations: (1) when parents agree with their child's choice to explore transition; (2) when parents disagree with each other about their child's choice; and (3) when both parents oppose their child's transition. Finally, the Note addresses Constitutional and policy arguments in support of transgender youth.

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Challenging Changing Legal Definitions Of Family In Same-Sex Domestic Violence, Shannon Little Jan 2008

Challenging Changing Legal Definitions Of Family In Same-Sex Domestic Violence, Shannon Little

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Many state legislatures have amended domestic violence laws to cover non-marital relationships, at the same time removing references to gender so that same-sex relationships may receive protection. The de-gendered domestic violence law is not a perfect solution. Abuse in a same-sex relationship may involve different forms of physical and non-physical violence that traditional laws do not recognize. Gender-neutral laws also do nothing to address or remedy bias within the courts. Finally, some gender-neutral laws face challenges for violating state laws or constitutional amendments restricting marriage benefits to heterosexual relationships. This Note surveys the landscape of same-sex domestic violence protections, provides …

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Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights And The Right To Education In American Jurisprudence: Barriers And Approaches To Implementation, Emily H. Wood Jan 2008

Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights And The Right To Education In American Jurisprudence: Barriers And Approaches To Implementation, Emily H. Wood

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This Note discusses the development and recognition of the U.N. Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights both in the context of international human rights and U.S. jurisprudence. The Note explores a number of the obstacles that have previously prevented economic, social, and cultural rights from being recognized in the U.S., and poses possible methods to overcome these hurdles. These approaches include explorations of recognizing international legal standards in U.S. courts and recognizing such rights as either an inherent component of political and civil rights or a fundamental right. The Note concludes with an assessment of the enforcement and implementation …

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The Slave, The Fetus, The Body: Articulating Biopower And The Pregnant Woman, Kevin Kuswa, Paul Achter, Elizabeth Lauzon Jan 2008

The Slave, The Fetus, The Body: Articulating Biopower And The Pregnant Woman, Kevin Kuswa, Paul Achter, Elizabeth Lauzon

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Many slaveholders attempted to justify the institution of slavery in the United States by claiming that the practice of slavery was actually in the interests of the slaves themselves. Not only are these arguments invalid because they justify inhumane treatment and the imprisonment of innocent human beings, they also contain a dangerous paternalism (a “speaking for”) that has not vacated the social sphere. Indeed, this same logic—the notion that bodies can be regulated and controlled for their own protection—is presently being used to speak for the fetus in order to justify fetal rights. Borrowing from Berlant (1997), these fetal rights …

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Janet E. Halley, Split Decisions: How And Why To Take A Break From Feminism (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006), Ann Bartow Jan 2008

Janet E. Halley, Split Decisions: How And Why To Take A Break From Feminism (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006), Ann Bartow

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Accommodating The Female Body: A Disability Paradigm Of Sex Discriminatio, Jessica L. Roberts Jan 2008

Accommodating The Female Body: A Disability Paradigm Of Sex Discriminatio, Jessica L. Roberts

University of Colorado Law Review

This Article presents a novel approach for understanding sex discrimination in the workplace by integrating three distinct areas of scholarship: disability studies, employment law, and architectural design. Borrowing from disabilities studies, I argue that the built environment serves as a situs of sex discrimination. In the first Part, I explain how the concept of disability has progressed from a problem located within the body of an individual with a disability to the failings of the built environment in which that person functions. Using this paradigm, in the next Part, I reframe workplaces constructed for male workers as instruments of sex …

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Unchaste And Incredible: The Use Of Gendered Conceptions Of Honor In Impeachment, Julia Simon-Kerr Jan 2008

Unchaste And Incredible: The Use Of Gendered Conceptions Of Honor In Impeachment, Julia Simon-Kerr

Faculty Articles and Papers

This paper demonstrates that the American rules for impeaching witnesses developed against a cultural background that equated a woman's honor, and thus her credibility, with her sexual virtue. The idea that a woman's chastity informs her credibility did not originate in rape trials and the confusing interplay between questions of consent and sexual history. Rather, gendered notions of honor so permeated American legal culture that attorneys routinely attempted to impeach female witnesses by invoking their sexual histories in cases involving such diverse claims as title to land, assault, arson, and wrongful death. But while many courts initially accepted the notion …

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'No Right To Judge': Feminism And The Judiciary In Third Republic France, Sara L. Kimble Jan 2008

'No Right To Judge': Feminism And The Judiciary In Third Republic France, Sara L. Kimble

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Faculty and Staff Works

No abstract provided.

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Book Review, Angela Mae Kupenda Jan 2008

Book Review, Angela Mae Kupenda

Journal Articles

YOUR BLUES AIN’T LIKE MINE is an excellently written, fictionalized account of the lives of several people set in the fifties as a rural Mississippi community reacts to impending school racial desegregation and the killing of a fifteen year old black boy who had the misfortune of speaking French in the direction of a white woman. I’ve used this book to facilitate discussion on issues of race, gender, the law, class, and politics in several of my law school classes such as Race and the Law, Gender and the Law, and Civil Rights.

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The Red Booklet On Feminist Equality. Instead Of A Manifesto, Dana Neacsu Jan 2008

The Red Booklet On Feminist Equality. Instead Of A Manifesto, Dana Neacsu

Law Faculty Publications

If feminist legal theory were to face its legacy today, it would see that its tremendous value rests in its means more than in its ends. True, it has produced palpable results for its promoters domestically. It satisfied many feminists' discrete incremental requests, from Women's History Month to a limited right to bear or beget. While feminism partially satisfied well-identified gendered demands, it has ignored their “base” or frame. I argue that it has ignored basic calls for social justice. As shown here, how gendered demands are satisfied depends on whether basic demands for food and shelter have even been …

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Rape At Rome: Feminist Interventions In The Criminalization Of Sex-Related Violence In Positive International Criminal Law, Janet Halley Jan 2008

Rape At Rome: Feminist Interventions In The Criminalization Of Sex-Related Violence In Positive International Criminal Law, Janet Halley

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article examines the work of organized feminism in the formation of new international criminal tribunals over the course of the 1990s. It focuses on the statutes establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It offers a description of the evolving organizational style of feminists involved in the legislative processes leading to the establishment of these courts, and a description of their reform agenda read against the outcomes in each court-establishing statute. At each stage, the Article counts up the feminist victories and defeats, …

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