Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Law and Gender Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2000

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 91 - 120 of 152

Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender

The Resurgence Of Herbal Remedies: Controlling Access To Herbal Remedies And Medicinal Marijuana--Foreword, Hastings Women's Law Journal Jan 2000

The Resurgence Of Herbal Remedies: Controlling Access To Herbal Remedies And Medicinal Marijuana--Foreword, Hastings Women's Law Journal

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

No abstract provided.

Go to article

U.S. Dietary Supplement Regulation: Belief Systems And Legal Rules, Michael H. Cohen Jan 2000

U.S. Dietary Supplement Regulation: Belief Systems And Legal Rules, Michael H. Cohen

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This article explores dietary supplement regulation and the belief systems and legal rules that shape it. Part I discusses the key provisions of the federal Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). Part II examines how DSHEA, philosophically, represents a compromise between extreme medical paternalism (the orthodox view that the FDA should dictate consumer access to dietary supplements) and radical patient autonomy (the liberal view that patients should have unlimited consumer access to dietary supplements). Part II frames the debate in terms of regulatory proposal, policy, values, and belief system. Strong controls in regulation (FDA's paternalistic viewpoint) and weak controls …

Go to article

When Service With A Smile Invites More Than Satisfied Customers: Third-Party Sexual Harassment And The Implications Of Charges Against Safeway, Sarah L. Ream Jan 2000

When Service With A Smile Invites More Than Satisfied Customers: Third-Party Sexual Harassment And The Implications Of Charges Against Safeway, Sarah L. Ream

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Sexual harassment in the workplace, a form of sex discrimination, has received substantial legislative and judicial attention in the past several decades. Courts have recognized that harassment may arise from supervisor or co-worker conduct. Increasingly, courts are also acknowledging harassment by third-parties, such as independent contractors or customers. This note examines the law of such "third-party sexual harassment" with regard to harassment perpetrated by customers. Particular attention is given to the implications of charges filed against a major super market chain alleging harassment by customers due to the implementation of a customer service policy.

Go to article

Foreword, Cary Elizabeth Zuk Jan 2000

Foreword, Cary Elizabeth Zuk

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Clara Shortridge Foltz: Angel And Revolutionary, Deborah H. King Jan 2000

Clara Shortridge Foltz: Angel And Revolutionary, Deborah H. King

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Clara Shortridge Foltz has been described in many different ways. "Lady lawyer," "massive egotist" and "representative heroine" are just a few of the labels she has worn. This note attempts to find yet another label for Foltz by exploring her culture and the roles she chose to play within that culture. When Foltz is viewed in the context of her time it becomes apparent that her proper label lies somewhere between lady lawyer and feminist. She was a complex woman with varied responses to the Victorian notions that men and women occupied different spheres, which is referred to as separate …

Go to article

Persecution On Account Of Gender: A Need For Refugee Law Reform, Bret Thiele Jan 2000

Persecution On Account Of Gender: A Need For Refugee Law Reform, Bret Thiele

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Reacting to the horrors committed during World War II and the subsequent mass migration of individuals across State boundaries, the international community in 1951 agreed to a definition of refugee. This definition is still in use internationally and reflected in U.S. domestic law. This article illustrates how the current definition of refugee is limited and therefore inadequate to protect millions of persons, namely those persecuted or facing persecution on account of gender. Likewise, recent developments in refugee law do not sufficiently provide protection to individuals facing gender-specific forms of persecution. This article argues for the addition of a gender category …

Go to article

Revisiting Poor Joshua: State-Created Danger Theory In The Foster Care Context, Michele Miller Jan 2000

Revisiting Poor Joshua: State-Created Danger Theory In The Foster Care Context, Michele Miller

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

The Supreme Court's decision in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services declared that abused children in the legal custody of the state (but residing with their natural parent) have no private cause of action against the state for substantive due process violations. Since the decision, many courts have attempted to circumvent DeShaney by using a "state-created danger theory," by which a state may be liable, under negligence principles, for removing a child from foster care and returning him/her to a parent, despite clear indications that future abuse will occur. This note examines the application of the state-created danger …

Go to article

All Things Being Equal: Affirmative Action And Candidate Selection From A Scottish Perspective, Kirsteen Davidson, Rhona Smith, Ruth Webster, Nicole Busby Jan 2000

All Things Being Equal: Affirmative Action And Candidate Selection From A Scottish Perspective, Kirsteen Davidson, Rhona Smith, Ruth Webster, Nicole Busby

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This article examines some of the issues surrounding attempts to increase the participation of women in formal political structures. Although prominent on the international agenda, only Scandinavia comes close to a true gender balance. Within an international political and legal context, this article examines the remarkable improvement in female representation which has occurred in Scotland since 1997. Scotland is an ideal case study with recent elections to the Local Councils, the Scottish Parliament, the national Westminster Parliament and the European Parliament. In some instances, different techniques of affirmative action or reverse discrimination were employed. Each of these elections will be …

Go to article

Statutory Rape Law And Enforcement In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Rigel C. Oliveri Jan 2000

Statutory Rape Law And Enforcement In The Wake Of Welfare Reform, Rigel C. Oliveri

Faculty Publications

The recent national efforts at reforming the welfare system and new research on the connection between teen pregnancy and statutory rape have led many states to enact stricter laws against statutory rape and to increase the enforcement of existing laws. Punitive statutory rape laws are being viewed more and more as a mechanism for shrinking the welfare rolls by reducing teen pregnancy. Rigel Oliveri documents the resurgence of statutory rape law and enforcement and explores the ramifications it will have on teen parents. In particular, Oliveri approaches the issue from several analytical frameworks, discussing arguments for consent-based standards, the privacy …

Go to article

Women's Rights And The Public Morals Exception Of Gatt Article 20, Liane M. Jarvis Jan 2000

Women's Rights And The Public Morals Exception Of Gatt Article 20, Liane M. Jarvis

Michigan Journal of International Law

The public morals exception in Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) could and should be interpreted in accordance with evolving human rights law on women's rights. This clause provides an exception to the general rule that members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) cannot take measures against other Members that would restrict trade. Under Article XX, WTO members may restrict trade for a variety of social reasons, including protecting the environment, preventing prison labor, and otherwise promoting "public morals.” This Note will argue in particular that a nation should be allowed to invoke the public …

Go to article

Language Matters, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 163 (2000), Jane B. Baron Jan 2000

Language Matters, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 163 (2000), Jane B. Baron

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Silencing Speech In The Workplace: Re-Examining The Use Of Specific Speech Injunctive Relief For Title Vii Hostile Environment Work Claims, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 321 (2000), Sonali Das Jan 2000

Silencing Speech In The Workplace: Re-Examining The Use Of Specific Speech Injunctive Relief For Title Vii Hostile Environment Work Claims, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 321 (2000), Sonali Das

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Undue Burden: Parental Notification Requirements For Publicly Funded Contraception, Stephanie Bornstein Jan 2000

The Undue Burden: Parental Notification Requirements For Publicly Funded Contraception, Stephanie Bornstein

UF Law Faculty Publications

This article analyzes the legal impact of legislative proposals in 1998 and 1999 to require parental notification for minors seeking publicly funded contraception. Part I explores the history of Title X and some of its amendments, the HHS interpretive “squeal rule,” and the federal courts' rejection of the HHS rule based on the congressional intent behind Title X. Part II focuses on the Parental Notification Act of 1998 and its likelihood for success against a constitutional challenge, based on an analysis of precedent on parental consent requirements for contraception and abortion. Part III discusses the change in the legislative and …

Go to article

The Reasonable Woman And The "Warrior Code", Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky Jan 2000

The Reasonable Woman And The "Warrior Code", Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky

UF Law Faculty Publications

In the provocative book A Law of Her Own: The Reasonable Woman as a Measure of Man, Caroline Forell and Donna Matthews argue that existing law systematically undervalues women's experiences of sexual harassment and sexual violence. In essence, the authors contend that law is a "warrior code" that is unduly forgiving of sexual aggression and violence, and they support this contention by showing how "male-centered values" permeate the law of sexual harassment, stalking, domestic violence, and rape. This critique alone would make this work worthy of serious consideration by anyone concerned with the law's treatment of women.

Go to article

Confronting Gender-Based Violence With International Instruments: Is A Solution To The Pandemic Within Reach?, Jennifer L. Ulrich Jan 2000

Confronting Gender-Based Violence With International Instruments: Is A Solution To The Pandemic Within Reach?, Jennifer L. Ulrich

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Gender Politics In Global Governance (Mary K. Meyer & Elisabeth Prügl Eds., 1999), Berta E. Hernández-Truyol Jan 2000

Gender Politics In Global Governance (Mary K. Meyer & Elisabeth Prügl Eds., 1999), Berta E. Hernández-Truyol

UF Law Faculty Publications

Prof. Hernández-Truyol reviews the book Gender Politics in Global Governance from editors Mary K. Meyer and Elisabeth Prügl. Given the emergence of multilateral institutions in this century, the mobilization of women against "male supremacy" has taken an internationalist turn; it seeks to shape "the agendas of international organizations and the normative practices of global governance." In an effort to understand and analyze this movement and its impact, the editors have compiled a volume drawing new research together exploring gender politics in global governance that is also "attentive to historical and contemporary modes of women's organizing from the local to the …

Go to article

Cracking The Foundational Myths: Independence, Autonomy, And Self-Sufficiency, Martha Albertson Fineman Jan 2000

Cracking The Foundational Myths: Independence, Autonomy, And Self-Sufficiency, Martha Albertson Fineman

Faculty Articles

In this Article, I will bring into view the family, or more explicitly, the dependency hidden within the assumed family. Policy development and social theory considerations should center on assessing the appropriateness of the aspirations and expectations we have for the family. This assessment is crucial to one of the most compelling problems facing society at the end of the Twentieth Century-the increasing inequitable and unequal distribution of societal resources and the corresponding poverty of women and children.

Go to article

Private Remedies For Public Wrongs Under Section 5 (Symposium: New Directions In Federalism), Evan H. Caminker Jan 2000

Private Remedies For Public Wrongs Under Section 5 (Symposium: New Directions In Federalism), Evan H. Caminker

Articles

The Supreme Court has ushered in the new millennium with a renewed emphasis on federalism-based limits to Congress's regulatory authority in general, and Congress's Section 5 power to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment in particular. In a recent string of cases, the Court has refined and narrowed Section 5's enforcement power in two significant ways.1 First, the Court made clear that Congress lacks the authority to interpret the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment's substantive provisions themselves, and may only "enforce" the judiciary's definition of Fourteenth Amendment violations. 2 Second, the Court embraced a relatively stringent requirement concerning the relationship between means …

Go to article

Welfare Reform And The Use Of State Power In The Prostitution Of Poor Women , April L. Cherry Jan 2000

Welfare Reform And The Use Of State Power In The Prostitution Of Poor Women , April L. Cherry

Cleveland State Law Review

I would like to talk about the connection between welfare reform "as we know it," and the potential for increased state support for the prostitution of women. In particular, I would like to discuss the work requirements found in both federal and state welfare reform statutory schemes. I worry that these work requirements will sanction the prostitution of poor women, particularly poor women of color, lesbians, and other women with children who are already forced to live their lives at the economic and social margins of society. I worry that the work requirements found in the new welfare regime will …

Go to article

Legal Challenges To And By Sex Workers/Prostitutes , Amalia Lucia Cabezas Jan 2000

Legal Challenges To And By Sex Workers/Prostitutes , Amalia Lucia Cabezas

Cleveland State Law Review

Sex worker is a term that emerges from a particular historical and political juncture. It reflects a change in consciousness imbedded in the political struggles of women prostitutes. In this article, I trace the genealogy of the term to the 1960s, when major changes occurred in the role of women in society and in the reconceptualization of what were heretofore known as "deviant" sexualities. I then shift attention to the Caribbean, where I apply the term to the advent of sex tourism and the development of a sex workers' movement linked to a human rights agenda.

Go to article

Afterword, Exploring The Economic Meanings Of Gender, Joan C. Williams Jan 2000

Afterword, Exploring The Economic Meanings Of Gender, Joan C. Williams

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Silence And Silencing: Their Centripetal And Centrifugal Forces In Cultural Expression, Pedagogy And Legal Discourse, Margaret E. Montoya Jan 2000

Silence And Silencing: Their Centripetal And Centrifugal Forces In Cultural Expression, Pedagogy And Legal Discourse, Margaret E. Montoya

Faculty Scholarship

This article uses Critical Race Theory and LatCrit Theory in its analysis, methodologies, and purpose. I seek to disrupt silences around race and to provide the knowledge and skills for effective work on racial equity and justice. Language and voice have been subjects of great interest to scholars working in the areas of Critical Race Theory and Latina/o Critical Legal Theory. Silence, a counterpart of voice, has not, however, been well theorized. This Article is an invitation to attend to silence and silencing. The first part of the Article argues that one's use of silence is an aspect of communication …

Go to article

"Trapped" In Sing Sing: Transgendered Prisoners Caught In The Gender Binarism, Darren Rosenblum Jan 2000

"Trapped" In Sing Sing: Transgendered Prisoners Caught In The Gender Binarism, Darren Rosenblum

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article first summarizes gender, transgendered identity, and legal issues facing transgendered people to contextualize the lives of transgendered prisoners. Parts II and III explore respectively the placement and treatment issues that complicate the incarceration of the transgendered. Corrections authorities, through indifference or incompetence, foster a shockingly inhumane daily existence for transgendered prisoners. In Part V, I examine the plight of transgendered prisoners through the metaphor of the miners' canary. Transgendered prisoners signal the grave dangers facing all of us in a wide array of social structures, elucidating the apparently intractable problems of gender. This Article simultaneously explores a human …

Go to article

Masthead - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 7 (2000-01) Jan 2000

Masthead - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 7 (2000-01)

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Criminal And Civil Parental Liability Statutes: Would They Have Saved The 15 Who Died At Columbine?, Eric P. Ebenstein Jan 2000

Criminal And Civil Parental Liability Statutes: Would They Have Saved The 15 Who Died At Columbine?, Eric P. Ebenstein

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that current parental liability statutes in the United States are insufficient to hold parents accountable for their children's violent acts, such as the Columbine High School massacre. It advocates for strengthening these laws, particularly by adopting a negligence standard, to incentivize parents to monitor their children's activities more effectively and prevent such tragedies.

Go to article

Parental Liability And The Criminal Misconduct Of Children In The Wake Of An Unregulated Internet: Who Should Pay?, Katherine R. Richardson Jan 2000

Parental Liability And The Criminal Misconduct Of Children In The Wake Of An Unregulated Internet: Who Should Pay?, Katherine R. Richardson

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note examines the legal and practical challenges of holding parents accountable for their children's criminal acts, particularly when influenced by internet content. It questions the effectiveness of parental liability laws and highlights the tension between child protection, parental rights, and internet regulation. While acknowledging the complexity of these issues, the note suggests that parental liability should only apply when a clear causal link exists between negligence and harm, though proving such a link is legally challenging. Ultimately, the analysis advocates for a nuanced approach to balancing these competing interests.

Go to article

Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Jan 2000

Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 7, Iss. 1

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Liberal Discovery Of Non-Party Records: In Defense Of The Defense, Melissa E. Rosenthal Jan 2000

Liberal Discovery Of Non-Party Records: In Defense Of The Defense, Melissa E. Rosenthal

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note advocates for the liberal discovery of nonparty records, such as IQ test results and medical records, in lead paint poisoning cases in New York. It argues that allowing such discovery aligns with the state's broad discovery policies under CPLR 3101(a) and promotes fairness and efficiency in litigation. The author contends that the current per se ban on discovering these records is inconsistent and unfair, particularly for defendants in the First Department, where such discovery is prohibited. The analysis emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that considers relevance, privacy, and the potential for alternative causation in determining admissibility.

Go to article

Women's Annotated Legal Bibliography Jan 2000

Women's Annotated Legal Bibliography

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Herbal Remedies Are Not Dietary Supplements: A Proposal For Regulatory Reform, Cary Elizabeth Zuk Jan 2000

Herbal Remedies Are Not Dietary Supplements: A Proposal For Regulatory Reform, Cary Elizabeth Zuk

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Increasingly, consumers are turning to herbal remedies to help heal what ails them. This note explores the past and present regulation of herbal remedies. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 provided a convenient regulatory vehicle-"dietary supplements"-for herbal remedies to enter the market with labeling that claims a positive effect on the structure or function of the body or on one's general sense of well-being. This note argues that DSHEA fails as a regulatory system for herbal remedies. While it safeguards access to herbal remedies, DSHEA only allows vague labeling information suggesting the therapeutic potential of the …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last