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Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law

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Articles 631 - 660 of 834

Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender

Estranged Fruit: The Reconstruction Amendments, Moral Slavery, And The Rearticulation Of Lesbian And Gay Identity, E. Nathaniel Gates Nov 1996

Estranged Fruit: The Reconstruction Amendments, Moral Slavery, And The Rearticulation Of Lesbian And Gay Identity, E. Nathaniel Gates

Cardozo Law Review

David A.J. Richards has composed a thoughtful and suggestive narrative that centers on the excavation of the antislavery constitutionalism forged by a small, but arguably influential, group of antebellum abolitionist feminists. Central to his narrative, and to the constitutional theses of the abolitionist feminists, is the concept of "moral slavery" which, on Richards' account, constitutes a crucial element of the hermeneutic background essential to a proper interpretation of the Reconstruction Amendments. According to Professor Richards, an understanding of the figure of the abolitionist feminist as a "multiple exile and outcast" who in opposing "moral slavery" played a vital role in …

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Gender In The Law Of Slavery In The Antebellum United States, Andrew T. Fede Nov 1996

Gender In The Law Of Slavery In The Antebellum United States, Andrew T. Fede

Cardozo Law Review

In her thought-provoking paper Finding Sojourner's Truth: Race, Gender, and the Institution of Property, Cheryl I. Harris explores the connections between slavery, race, and gender in the law of the antebellum United States. Harris acknowledges that slaves alone were defined as property at law, and, therefore,*the legal status of slaves differed from free white women and free black women. She also acknowledges that "white women" were allowed property rights on "male-defined terms" but asserts, nevertheless, that free women could be considered as a form of property.

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The Good Or Goodnesses Of Polity And Polities À La Liberalism: Plurality Rather Than Unicity, Singularity Beyond Plurality, Richard E. Flathman Jul 1996

The Good Or Goodnesses Of Polity And Polities À La Liberalism: Plurality Rather Than Unicity, Singularity Beyond Plurality, Richard E. Flathman

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article critiques traditional liberal pluralism, arguing that it often overlooks the importance of singularity—the unique, self-enacted individuality beyond mere diversity. It advocates for a "willful liberalism" that emphasizes individual freedom and the pursuit of self-defined goals, moving beyond both rationalist uniformity and communitarian group identities. This form of liberalism seeks to balance diversity with a deeper appreciation for individual uniqueness, guided by virtues like civility and courage.

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Canada's Charter: Rights Protection In The Cultural Mosaic, Lorraine Weinrib Jul 1996

Canada's Charter: Rights Protection In The Cultural Mosaic, Lorraine Weinrib

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, enacted in 1982, was a transformative constitutional document designed to deepen Canada's commitment to liberal democracy by recognizing a multi-faceted rightholder embedded in both individual and community identities. It aimed to balance diverse cultural, linguistic, and ethnic interests, particularly addressing Quebec's distinct identity while promoting a unified Canadian identity. However, the Charter's implementation and interpretation have been marked by ongoing political and legal challenges, particularly in Quebec, where it has been both a tool for asserting minority rights and a focal point for separatist movements.

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The Fifteenth Amendment And "Political Rights", Akhil Reed Amar May 1996

The Fifteenth Amendment And "Political Rights", Akhil Reed Amar

Cardozo Law Review

Professor Xi Wang has offered us an altogether exemplary paper on black suffrage. Rather than trying to criticize it, I shall attempt to extend it by picking up where he left off. My main text is the Fifteenth Amendment. I would like to suggest that the best interpretation of the Fifteenth Amendment would read it as encompassing a cluster of political rights; the Amendment protects not only the right to vote, but also the right to hold office, the right to be voted for, the right to vote in a legislature, the right to serve on a jury, and even …

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Bondage, Freedom & The Constitution, Eric Foner May 1996

Bondage, Freedom & The Constitution, Eric Foner

Cardozo Law Review

Linking the papers on this most interesting panel are questions that center on the meaning of freedom. What is freedom? Who has the power to define what freedom is? What are the consequences of slavery and its abolition for Americans' understandings of freedom? In one way or another, these papers, as well as many others in this conference, illuminate these questions.

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Lifting The Ban On Women's Night Work In Europe-A Straight Road To Equality In Employment?, Dagmar Schiek Jan 1996

Lifting The Ban On Women's Night Work In Europe-A Straight Road To Equality In Employment?, Dagmar Schiek

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the historical and legal implications of the ban on women's night work in Europe, arguing that its removal does not inherently lead to employment equality. It emphasizes that without comprehensive, gender-neutral protective legislation, lifting the ban may exacerbate inequalities and worsen working conditions for women.

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Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3, Iss. 1 Jan 1996

Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3, Iss. 1

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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Why Mandatory Hiv Testing Of Pregnant Women And Newborns Must Fail: A Legal, Historical, And Public Policy Analysis, Elizabeth B. Cooper Jan 1996

Why Mandatory Hiv Testing Of Pregnant Women And Newborns Must Fail: A Legal, Historical, And Public Policy Analysis, Elizabeth B. Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women and newborns is a misguided policy that fails to address the complex medical, social, and legal issues surrounding HIV/AIDS in women. It contends that such policies violate constitutional rights, disproportionately affect marginalized communities, and are unsupported by medical evidence. The analysis emphasizes the importance of voluntary testing linked to care and services, as well as the need to address systemic inequities in healthcare delivery.

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Mandatory Screening Of Newborns For Hiv: An Idea Whose Time Has Not Yet Come, Nina Loewenstein Jan 1996

Mandatory Screening Of Newborns For Hiv: An Idea Whose Time Has Not Yet Come, Nina Loewenstein

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues against mandatory HIV screening for newborns, asserting that the benefits of early detection do not justify the infringement on mothers' legal rights and privacy. Proponents overemphasize medical benefits and underestimate the impact on maternal rights and care roles.

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The Politics Of Pediatric Aids, Jennifer Cooper Jan 1996

The Politics Of Pediatric Aids, Jennifer Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that mandatory HIV testing for pregnant women is crucial to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, emphasizing that political and social barriers, rather than medical limitations, hinder effective prevention. It advocates for routine HIV screening as part of prenatal care, supported by the success of treatments like zidovudine, and addresses ethical and constitutional concerns while asserting the state's compelling interest in public health.

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While Ignorance May Not Be Bliss, It Is A Mother's Right: Constitutional Implications Of Testing Newborn Babies For Hiv, Julie D. Levinson Jan 1996

While Ignorance May Not Be Bliss, It Is A Mother's Right: Constitutional Implications Of Testing Newborn Babies For Hiv, Julie D. Levinson

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the constitutional implications of mandatory HIV testing for newborns, arguing that such policies infringe upon women's rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. It critiques two proposed bills for being overly intrusive and not narrowly tailored, advocating instead for voluntary testing and counseling to balance public health with individual rights.

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Jiggetts V. Grinker: Does It Establish A Right To "Adequate Shelter Allowance" In New York State?, Kurt Emhoff Jan 1996

Jiggetts V. Grinker: Does It Establish A Right To "Adequate Shelter Allowance" In New York State?, Kurt Emhoff

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the Jiggetts v. Grinker case, which addresses the adequacy of shelter allowances for AFDC recipients in New York State. It argues that current allowances are insufficient compared to housing costs, leading to homelessness, and advocates for increasing these allowances. The analysis extends this reasoning to Home Relief recipients, emphasizing equal protection under the law.

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Child Care: The Forgotten Tax Deduction, Efrem Z. Fischer Jan 1996

Child Care: The Forgotten Tax Deduction, Efrem Z. Fischer

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

This Note argues that the current deductions for child care expenses under the Internal Revenue Code are insufficient and inequitable, particularly for secondary earners, usually women. It proposes replacing the existing system with a higher deduction mechanism, such as a $10,000 limit per child, indexed for inflation, with a phaseout for higher incomes. The current system fails to account for the true costs of child care, exacerbates the marriage penalty, and discourages labor force participation among secondary earners. The proposed reform aims to address these issues by providing a more substantial and equitable tax benefit.

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Women's Annotated Legal Bibliography Jan 1996

Women's Annotated Legal Bibliography

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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Introduction, Belinda Cooper Jan 1996

Introduction, Belinda Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article explores the emergence and gradual integration of feminist jurisprudence in Germany, highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced by women in law as feminist ideas begin to influence legal academia and practice. It traces the development of feminist legal scholarship in Germany, starting from its early stages in the 1980s to the establishment of institutionalized feminist jurisprudence at Humboldt University. The article introduces a collection of writings that examine key legal issues affecting women in Germany, emphasizing the interplay between German and European Community law, as well as the cultural and historical contexts that shape legal discourse.

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A Different Approach To Jurisprudence? Feminisms In German Legal Science, Legal Cultures, And The Ambivalence Of Law, Susanne Baer Jan 1996

A Different Approach To Jurisprudence? Feminisms In German Legal Science, Legal Cultures, And The Ambivalence Of Law, Susanne Baer

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The integration of feminist theories into legal science and education faces significant challenges, particularly in Germany, where institutional and cultural barriers have slowed progress compared to other countries like Norway, Denmark, and the U.S. While feminist approaches have made inroads elsewhere, Germany remains hesitant, with the question of whether feminism belongs in legal education still unanswered. The tension between feminist perspectives and traditional legal methodologies, coupled with structural academia challenges, underscores the difficulty of achieving meaningful integration.

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The Victim-Plaintiff In Criminal Trials And Civil Law Responses To Sexual Violence, Alexandra Goy Jan 1996

The Victim-Plaintiff In Criminal Trials And Civil Law Responses To Sexual Violence, Alexandra Goy

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the role of the victim-plaintiff in German criminal trials, particularly in cases involving sexual violence. It highlights the unique procedural rights granted to victim-plaintiffs, such as the ability to participate actively in trials and present evidence. However, the analysis reveals significant practical and systemic barriers that limit the effectiveness of this institution, including restrictive evidentiary rules, financial challenges, and gender biases within the judiciary. The article argues that while the victim-plaintiff institution offers opportunities for victims to seek justice, its impact is undermined by these obstacles, raising concerns about the protection of sexual autonomy and gender equality …

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Prostitution And The Law In Germany, Margarete Von Galen Jan 1996

Prostitution And The Law In Germany, Margarete Von Galen

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the legal and social contradictions surrounding prostitution in Germany, highlighting how, despite its legal status, the practice is subject to discriminatory laws and regulations that create a hypocritical gap between legal frameworks and real-world enforcement. The author argues that while prostitution is legal, the surrounding legal provisions often criminalize related activities, leading to inconsistent enforcement and continued marginalization of sex workers.

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On The History Of Fathers' Rights And Mothers' Duty Of Care, Sibylla Flügge Jan 1996

On The History Of Fathers' Rights And Mothers' Duty Of Care, Sibylla Flügge

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the historical evolution of custody rights in Germany, focusing on the shift from maternal preference to increasing recognition of fathers' rights. It argues that the legal system's move toward joint custody and equal parental rights reflects broader societal changes in gender roles, while also critiquing the potential backlash against women's emancipation. The analysis highlights how improvements in fathers' legal standing have often coincided with decreased obligations for men to actively care for children, raising concerns about the practical implications for mothers and children.

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German Unification And The Reform Of Abortion Law, Rosemarie Will Jan 1996

German Unification And The Reform Of Abortion Law, Rosemarie Will

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the legal and political challenges surrounding abortion law reform in Germany following unification, highlighting the tension between East Germany's liberal "stipulated period" model and West Germany's more restrictive "grounds for termination" approach. It argues that the unification process necessitated a compromise balancing the constitutional protection of fetal life with women's rights to self-determination, ultimately resulting in a hybrid model emphasizing counseling and limited legal access to abortion.

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Between Legal Studies And Feminism, Mareike Coppi, Bettina Joos, Ina Steidl Jan 1996

Between Legal Studies And Feminism, Mareike Coppi, Bettina Joos, Ina Steidl

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

What turned some Berlin law students into feminists? What were the origins of the "feminist jurisprudence project" at the Humboldt University in Berlin? The answers undoubtedly lie, in part, in the deficiencies in both social life and subject matter faced by women studying law in Germany. In order to explain the origins and subject matter of the feminist jurisprudence project, this article will provide an overview of the curriculum, the university situation, and the disadvantages faced by women law students in Germany.

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Using The American Courts To Prosecute International Crimes Against Women: Jane Doe V. Radovan Karadzic And S. Kadic V. Radovan Karadzic, Rachel Bart Jan 1996

Using The American Courts To Prosecute International Crimes Against Women: Jane Doe V. Radovan Karadzic And S. Kadic V. Radovan Karadzic, Rachel Bart

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note examines the use of the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) and the Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA) to prosecute international crimes against women, focusing on the *Karadzic* cases. It argues that these cases represent a significant expansion of U.S. federal jurisdiction over human rights abuses, particularly gender-based violence, committed abroad. The Second Circuit's decision to reverse the district court's dismissal and the Supreme Court's denial of certiorari affirmed the applicability of ATCA and TVPA to non-state actors and clarified their role in enforcing international human rights standards.

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Susan Smith And Other Homicidal Mothers-In Search Of The Punishment That Fits The Crime, Janet Ford Jan 1996

Susan Smith And Other Homicidal Mothers-In Search Of The Punishment That Fits The Crime, Janet Ford

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The legal system should consider unique circumstances when sentencing mothers who kill their children, focusing on mitigating factors such as mental state, abuse history, and societal pressures, rather than applying uniform punishments.

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An Introduction To “Mandatory Hiv Screening Of Newborns: A Child’S Welfare In Conflict With Its Mother’S Constitutional Rights?” - False Dichotomies Make Bad Law., Paris R. Baldacci Jan 1996

An Introduction To “Mandatory Hiv Screening Of Newborns: A Child’S Welfare In Conflict With Its Mother’S Constitutional Rights?” - False Dichotomies Make Bad Law., Paris R. Baldacci

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the contentious issue of mandatory HIV screening of newborns, highlighting the false dichotomy often presented in the debate between the welfare of the child and the constitutional rights of the mother. It argues that this dichotomy oversimplifies the complex legal, medical, and ethical considerations involved, leading to ineffective public policy. The article emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach that balances medical interventions with respect for individual rights and addresses the broader societal and structural factors affecting HIV-infected mothers and their children.

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Masthead - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3 (1996) Jan 1996

Masthead - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3 (1996)

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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An Argument For Universal Pediatric Hiv Testing, Counseling And Treatment, Colin Crawford Jan 1996

An Argument For Universal Pediatric Hiv Testing, Counseling And Treatment, Colin Crawford

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that mandatory pediatric HIV testing, counseling, and treatment are essential to address a public health emergency, overriding constitutional concerns. The author, Colin Crawford, asserts that early detection and treatment significantly improve the lives of HIV-positive children, making it a compelling state interest that should take precedence over privacy and autonomy concerns.

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Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3, Iss. 2 Jan 1996

Table Of Contents - Cardozo Women's Law Journal, Vol. 3, Iss. 2

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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Making Equality Law More Effective: Lessons From The German Experience, Ninon Colneric Jan 1996

Making Equality Law More Effective: Lessons From The German Experience, Ninon Colneric

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the evolution and effectiveness of equality law in Germany, particularly focusing on gender equality. It highlights the significant influence of European Community (EC) law on German legislation and discusses the challenges in implementing these laws to achieve substantial gender equality. The analysis reveals that while progress has been made, there are persistent issues in effectively enforcing these laws.

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Equal Rights-Compatibility Of Family And Career-Legal Comparison: East Germany (Gdr) And Federal Republic Of Germany Today, Anita Grandke Jan 1996

Equal Rights-Compatibility Of Family And Career-Legal Comparison: East Germany (Gdr) And Federal Republic Of Germany Today, Anita Grandke

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the evolution of gender equality in East Germany from the post-WWII era through the 1990 unification with West Germany, highlighting how East Germany's progressive laws promoting women's rights were rolled back after unification, leading to significant setbacks for women in employment, family life, and legal protections.

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