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Articles 301 - 330 of 332
Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender
Enhancing Tribal Sovereignty By Protecting Indian Civil Rights: A Win-Win For Indian Tribes And Tribal Members, Rob Roy Smith
Enhancing Tribal Sovereignty By Protecting Indian Civil Rights: A Win-Win For Indian Tribes And Tribal Members, Rob Roy Smith
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Gas Tax Agreements In Indian Country, Jonathan White
Gas Tax Agreements In Indian Country, Jonathan White
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Justice Rehnquist’S Theory Of Indian Law: The Evolution From Mazurie To Atkinson – Where Did He Leave The Court?, Brenna Willott
Justice Rehnquist’S Theory Of Indian Law: The Evolution From Mazurie To Atkinson – Where Did He Leave The Court?, Brenna Willott
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Physical-Strength Rationales For De Jure Exclusion Of Women From Military Combat Positions, Maia Goodell
Physical-Strength Rationales For De Jure Exclusion Of Women From Military Combat Positions, Maia Goodell
Seattle University Law Review
Women have been serving in the military in steadily increasing numbers for decades. Nevertheless, the military remains one of the few areas in which the U.S. government decides what roles are open to women based on de jure exclusions. This Article examines the law governing de jure classification, noting that a mere normative belief about women’s proper place in society is an insufficient basis to justify a sex-based exclusion. It then probes the most common rationale advanced in support of the continued de jure exclusion of women: physical strength. The Article examines four problems with the physical strength rationale: (1) …
Fait Accompli?: Where The Supreme Court And Equal Pay Meet A Narrow Legislative Override Under The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, Megan Coluccio
Fait Accompli?: Where The Supreme Court And Equal Pay Meet A Narrow Legislative Override Under The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, Megan Coluccio
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment argues the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act’s consequences will be minimally felt, so long as the Act is narrowly construed. The Comment suggests congressional action was appropriate after the Supreme Court’s Ledbetter decision and discusses the political and legislative debate leading to the Act. In addition, the Comment analyzes the Act in application, exploring its meaning, implications, and function. The Comment argues that the concerns and consequences arising from the enactment of the Act can be alleviated and avoided by a narrow interpretation of its amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the Comment recommends …
A Lesbian Centered Critique Of “Genetic Parenthood”, Julie Shapiro
A Lesbian Centered Critique Of “Genetic Parenthood”, Julie Shapiro
Faculty Articles
Recent years have seen a proliferation of alternative reproductive technologies and the ready availability of reliable DNA testing. These developments have lead to enormous uncertainty concerning the meaning of a genetic tie between adult and child. On the one hand, reproductive technology has lead to a robust market where genetic material is readily bought and sold. This suggests it is not the root of parental status. On the other hand, DNA testing has allowed men to contest paternity of children, asserting that they are not genetically related to them. And their challenges have often been successful. Genetic linkage is particularly …
Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai
Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai
Seattle Journal for Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Check Only One: M/F/Other, Julie Shapiro
Check Only One: M/F/Other, Julie Shapiro
Faculty Articles
In this extremely brief essay, the author questions Lawrence Summers' generalizations about women in science. We live in a world of uncertainty about the boundaries of gender. Transgendered and intersexed individuals challenge us to step away from strict categories of men and women.
On Academic Discrimination, Janet Ainsworth
On Academic Discrimination, Janet Ainsworth
Faculty Articles
Professor Ainsworth addresses President Lawrence H. Summers’ explanation of the paucity of women academics in the physical sciences, and discusses how Summers does not address the possibility that the lack of female academics could be due to discrimination.
Freedom In A Regulatory State?: Lawrence, Marriage And Biopolitics, Dean Spade, Craig Willse
Freedom In A Regulatory State?: Lawrence, Marriage And Biopolitics, Dean Spade, Craig Willse
Faculty Articles
This paper attempts to trace the links between the Lawrence v. Texas decision and campaigns for gay marriage rights in order to envision movements that seek justice for more than just the most racially and economically privileged lesbians and gay men. The authors outline the limits of the agenda represented by Lawrence and propose alternative modes for resisting the coercive regulation of sexuality, gender, and family formations.
Resisting Medicine/Remodeling Gender, Dean Spade
Resisting Medicine/Remodeling Gender, Dean Spade
Faculty Articles
In this article, Dean Spade explores the problematic role of medicine in pushing for trans rights. Spade uses a combination of personal narrative of his own interaction with the healthcare system and his experience with legal advocacy on behalf of transgender and gender nonconforming clients. He reveals how the medicalization of trans identity, by categorizing it as a mental health disorder called Gender Identity Disorder, serves to reaffirm that everyone should either be male or female. Spade further asserts this medicalization can be problematic when advocating for the legal rights of gender nonconforming individuals. For example, he points out that …
Erasing Race? A Critical Race Feminist View Of Internet Identity Shifting, Margaret Chon
Erasing Race? A Critical Race Feminist View Of Internet Identity Shifting, Margaret Chon
Faculty Articles
Race and gender become even more abstract in the disembodied presence they inhabit online. This article outlines the importance of being sensitive to the under-identified online presence of race and gender related issues, with an in depth discussion of the complications these issues face.
Confronting The Limits Of Gay Hate Crimes Activism: A Radical Critique, Dean Spade, Craig Willse
Confronting The Limits Of Gay Hate Crimes Activism: A Radical Critique, Dean Spade, Craig Willse
Faculty Articles
Questioning the emancipatory potential of hate crimes activism for sexual and gender non-normative people, this paper outlines the limits of criminal justice remedies to problems of gender, race, economic and sexual subordination. The first section considers some of the positive impacts of hate crimes activism, focusing on the benefits of legal "naming" for disenfranchised constituencies seeking political recognition. In the next section the authors outline the political shortcomings and troubling consequences of hate crimes activism. First, they examine how hate crimes activism is situated within a "mainstream gay agenda," a term they use to designate the set of projects prioritized …
Getting Ahead With Washington's Workfirst Program: Are Battered Women Left Behind?, Wendy Davis
Getting Ahead With Washington's Workfirst Program: Are Battered Women Left Behind?, Wendy Davis
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment will suggest that although the structure of Washington's WorkFirst Act could help victims become self-sufficient, the current implementation of the Act does not adequately address the particular needs of victims. As a result, a victim's chances of achieving financial independence from either the state or her abuser are minimal. Part II of this Comment will give a brief summary of the federal guidelines under which Washington's WorkFirst Act was developed. Part III will outline the requirements of the WorkFirst Act, and in particular, the Act's provisions that address or affect domestic violence victims. Included in this section will …
A Lesbian-Centered Critique Of Second-Parent Adoptions, Julie Shapiro
A Lesbian-Centered Critique Of Second-Parent Adoptions, Julie Shapiro
Faculty Articles
When lesbian couples start families, one woman often begins with all the legal entitlements of parenthood, either by giving birth or by virtue of adopting a child, while the other woman has no legal rights. She is a non-legal parent. Absent legal rights she suffers many critical disadvantages. Second-parent adoptions have been developed to allow lesbians to create families with two-legal parents. They have been widely hailed as a solution to the problem of the non-legal parent. This article argues, however, that for many women they may actually make matters worse. Because some women can use second-parent adoptions, women who …
De Facto Parents And The Unfulfilled Promise Of The New Ali Principles, Julie Shapiro
De Facto Parents And The Unfulfilled Promise Of The New Ali Principles, Julie Shapiro
Faculty Articles
Alternative families - those that do not fit the classic nuclear family model - have been the focus of legal reform over the last twenty years. The American Law Institute has produced model legislation recognizing de facto parents as holders of some limited rights. To some this is a more flexible regime that would benefit non-nuclear families, in particular lesbian families. This article critiques the ALI draft, demonstrating that its promise is largely illusory.
Gender Bias In The American Bar Association Journal: Impact On The Legal Profession, Marilyn Berger, Kari A. Robinson
Gender Bias In The American Bar Association Journal: Impact On The Legal Profession, Marilyn Berger, Kari A. Robinson
Faculty Articles
The ABA Journal presents women in the legal system in a similar fashion to the presentation of women in the journals of other professions. Women are portrayed in traditional sex roles, they are pictured passively and they are often shown negatively as victims. In the volumes the authors studied, they found that the numbers of images of attorneys, judges and professors were not proportionate to the number of men and women in the legal profession. Moreover, the ABA Journal predominantly displayed women as dependent on their male counterparts. The authors also found instances where the ABA Journal portrayed women as …
Single-Sex Education After United States V. Virginia, Catherine O’Neill
Single-Sex Education After United States V. Virginia, Catherine O’Neill
Faculty Articles
In United States v. Virginia, the Supreme Court held that courts must invalidate sex-based classifications that "create or perpetuate the legal, social and economic inferiority of women." This contribution to equal protection jurisprudence, however, leaves unclear when single-sex higher education remains constitutional. This article argues that the Court has been preoccupied with legislative motive in this area. A capability approach, which assesses well-being and identifies individual advantage by reference to an account of what a person is able to do or be, might better help courts determine when there is an "exceedingly persuasive justification" for a sex-based classification.
Being Between: A Review Of Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, And Poetry, Margaret Chon
Being Between: A Review Of Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, And Poetry, Margaret Chon
Faculty Articles
In this essay Professor Chon reviews Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, and Poetry. Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora is the second volume of a series on the theme of "Gender, Culture, and Global Politics." Professor Sharon Hom, who edited this volume, deliberately contextualizes the "I" and "we" that supply the narrative voice and subject in each of these works as specific ethnic, gendered, and generational locations within Asian America. However, Professor Chon illustrates how this anthology is not so much about the "I" as it is about the "we." Professor Horn is engaged in a project of excavating individual histories …
State V. Riker, Battered Women Under Duress: The Concept The Washington Supreme Court Could Not Grasp, Ann-Marie Montgomery
State V. Riker, Battered Women Under Duress: The Concept The Washington Supreme Court Could Not Grasp, Ann-Marie Montgomery
Seattle University Law Review
Although some people have the option of going to the police after receiving threats on their lives, this was not the case for Deborah Riker: Deborah is a battered woman. Since age nine, Deborah suffered repeated torture and abuse at the hands of men who were in her life. In 1987, Deborah met Rupert Burke, a man who abused both women and drugs. When Burke threatened both Deborah and her sister, Deborah did what he told her to do: she soldhim cocaine. As a result, Deborah was charged with delivery and possession of cocaine. Deborah's case presented the classic defense …
Custody And Conduct: How The Law Fails Lesbian And Gay Parents And Their Children, Julie Shapiro
Custody And Conduct: How The Law Fails Lesbian And Gay Parents And Their Children, Julie Shapiro
Faculty Articles
When parents dispute child custody, courts determine their rights by using a "best interests of the child" analysis. In this context, courts consider a host of factors, including parental sexuality. When considering the suitability of custody for a lesbian or gay parents, most courts employ a nexus test - one that requires a showing of a nexus between parental sexuality and the well-being of the child. A smaller number continue to use a harsher test that disqualifies lesbian and gay parents under a per se rule. This article argues that closer examination reveals that even the apparently more liberal nexus …
Approval Of Ru-486 As A Postcoital Contraceptive, Kari Hanson
Approval Of Ru-486 As A Postcoital Contraceptive, Kari Hanson
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment argues that if RU-486 were approved as a postcoital contraceptive rather than as an abortifacient, the drug would be of greater overall benefit to women seeking to control their fertility. To support the argument that RU-486 should be approved as a postcoital contraceptive, Part II of this Comment examines the background and development of the drug, the controversy it has engendered, and the drug's recently discovered contraceptive potential. Part III provides a short look at the process by which the FDA approves new drugs and discusses how RU-486 would likely progress through this process. Part IV begins by …
Bias In The Washington Courts: A Call For Reform, Melisa D. Evangelos
Bias In The Washington Courts: A Call For Reform, Melisa D. Evangelos
Seattle University Law Review
Because of the documented threat that racial and gender bias pose to the effective administration of justice in Washington, this Comment advocates amending the Washington Rules of Professional Conduct to explicitly make intentional gender and racial bias an act of attorney misconduct and to discipline any attorney who engages in such behavior. Section I of this Comment identifies and describes instances of attorney behavior that result in gender and racial bias and explains the impact of such bias on attorneys, clients, and the judicial system. Section II explores similar anti-bias rules proposed or in place in other states. Section III …
Woman's Ghetto Within The Legal Profession, Marilyn Berger, Kari A. Robinson
Woman's Ghetto Within The Legal Profession, Marilyn Berger, Kari A. Robinson
Faculty Articles
In this article, we explore how the historical, stereotypical images of women as the timid, delicate caretaker shaped and continue to shape women's roles in the work force. As women entered the workplace, they became nurses, not doctors; dental hygienists, not dentists; paralegals, not lawyers; and kindergarten teachers, not university professors. This pattern persists today. We examine the professions to show how women's nurturing caretaker image has resulted in special niches within the professions, positions which perpetuate women in caretaker roles. Specifically, we examine the legal profession and probe the contemporary barricades erected to channel women into positions that fulfill …
Abortion And The Pied Piper Of Compromise, Annette E. Clark
Abortion And The Pied Piper Of Compromise, Annette E. Clark
Faculty Articles
In this article, Professor Clark offers a detailed analysis of the controversy among legal scholars which has long surrounded the issue of legal regulation of abortion. Professor Clark begins by focusing on a recent book by Professor Laurence Tribe, Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes. She argues that although Tribe claims to seek a compromise solution to the abortion problem, he fails in this pursuit both because he does not truly search for compromise and because he is unwilling to explore intermediate moral or legal positions that are not acceptable to either the pro-choice or pro-life movements. In contrast, Professor Clark …
An Observation About Comparable Worth, George Schatzki
An Observation About Comparable Worth, George Schatzki
Seattle University Law Review
The ultimate legal question is: Does Title VII incorporate the comparable worth doctrine? The courts are saying, "No." Their reasoning is, at best, unpersuasive. Indeed, often their reasoning is nothing more than mere conclusion. Given what I have described briefly as the legal arguments pro and con, one can easily understand that so long as Griggs remains a part of the Title VII scene, there is a rational but not compelling argument to incorporate comparable worth into the Act. How, then, does a court decide? The following discussion is offered not as an example of desirable or undesirable judicial analysis. …
Public Policy Over Metaphysics: Wrongful Birth And Wrongful Life In Harbeson V. Parke-Davis, Inc., Eric B. Schmidt
Public Policy Over Metaphysics: Wrongful Birth And Wrongful Life In Harbeson V. Parke-Davis, Inc., Eric B. Schmidt
Seattle University Law Review
The recognition of the wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action by the Washington State Supreme Court is supported by both policy rationales and legal theories. Wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action receive support from traditional tort principles and, more important, further public policy by deterring negligent genetic counseling and negligent preconception medical treatment. This Note describes the legal history of these claims and analyzes several issues not addressed by the Washington court. In addition, this Note criticizes a more recent decision by the court, which limits wrongful conception causes of action, because that decision conflicts with …
Washington's Equal Rights Amendment: It Says What It Means And It Means What It Says, Patricia L. Proebsting
Washington's Equal Rights Amendment: It Says What It Means And It Means What It Says, Patricia L. Proebsting
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment begins with a discussion of the ERA's legislative history and the legislature's attempt to bring state statutes into compliance with the ERA upon its passage. Next, judicial interpretations of the new constitutional guarantee are compared to the interpretation of the Washington Constitution's privileges and immunities clause. Finally, the Comment compares Washington's standard of review with a similar standard used by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and argues that the Washington Supreme Court should adopt the absolute standard applied by the Pennsylvania courts.
Wrongful Death Of The Fetus: Viability Is Not A Viable Distinction, Sheryl Anne Symonds
Wrongful Death Of The Fetus: Viability Is Not A Viable Distinction, Sheryl Anne Symonds
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment reviews the history of tort law treatment of the fetus who is wrongfully injured or killed. The Comment discusses case history and wrongful death statutes, with a focus on Washington law. Finally, the Comment concludes that courts should ignore viability when deciding cases of fetal wrongful death.
Sex Stereotyping And Statistics—Equality In An Insurance Context, Cheryl Bleakney
Sex Stereotyping And Statistics—Equality In An Insurance Context, Cheryl Bleakney
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment first outlines a few basic insurance concepts and distinguishes employer-provided plans from individually purchased policies. It then examines discrimination criteria and City of Los Angeles, Department of Water and Power v. Manhart's application of Title VII and applies those principles to Supreme Court cases. The Comment also suggests that FIPA be revised to extend its gender-neutral requirements only to employer provided group plans.