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Articles 61 - 82 of 82
Full-Text Articles in Law and Gender
Social Contract Theory, Welfare Reform, Race, And The Male Sex-Right, April L. Cherry
Social Contract Theory, Welfare Reform, Race, And The Male Sex-Right, April L. Cherry
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
In this article, Cherry argues that the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) is ultimately a politically undesirable and thinly veiled attack on the reproductive and sexual activities of poor women. In Part I, Cherry examines the development of social contract theory and analyzes social contract theory as a justification for material inequality. Part II examines social contract theory as a justification for the subordination of women. With this theoretical background established, in Part III, Cherry evaluates the current welfare reform proposals as social contract. This section examines the social contractarian language found in the current …
The Violence Against Women Act After United States V. Lopez: Will Domestic Violence Jurisdiction Be Returned To The States, Stacey L. Mckinley
The Violence Against Women Act After United States V. Lopez: Will Domestic Violence Jurisdiction Be Returned To The States, Stacey L. Mckinley
Cleveland State Law Review
Recent judiciary and media events have put a national focus on the overlooked problem of domestic violence. Federal lawmakers admirably responded to this attention in an aggressive manner when Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). Although little doubt exists that this country needs to reduce domestic violence, this sweeping federal legislation may not be the most effective means. The hasty response by federal lawmakers is unconstitutional in consideration of the Supreme Court's recent holding in Lopez. Although initial court challenges to the VAWA on Lopez grounds have resulted in split decisions, this Note argues that portions of the …
A Feminist Understanding Of Sex-Selective Abortion: Solely A Matter Of Choice, April L. Cherry
A Feminist Understanding Of Sex-Selective Abortion: Solely A Matter Of Choice, April L. Cherry
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
This essay consists of five sections. The first section describes the problem of sex-selective abortion, including an analysis of sociological data regarding adult preference for male children and its current effects. Section Two discusses various philosophical paradigms and analyses of sex-selective abortion with the goal of developing a coherent philosophical base from which to argue for a policy regarding sex-selective abortion which furthers the goals of gender equality. Section Three addresses the constitutionality of sex-selective abortion prohibitions in light of the Supreme Court's pronouncement in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. Section Four outlines the liberal feminist response to …
The Marital Rape Exemption: Evolution To Extinction, Lalenya Weintraub Siegel
The Marital Rape Exemption: Evolution To Extinction, Lalenya Weintraub Siegel
Cleveland State Law Review
It is the position of this Note that true equality between women and men can never exist until every state has completely abolished the marital rape exemption. This abolishment would give every woman, married or unmarried, the freedom to control her own body. The purpose of this Note is to encourage legislators, and those who influence them across the United States, to complete the abolishment of the marital rape exemption. Part II of this Note presents an analysis of the common law origins and legal justifications for the marital exemption. Part III examines the progressive groundbreaking states which have set …
Four Remarkable Ohio Women Lawyers--The Cronise Sisters Of Tiffin, Florence Allen, And Cleveland Law School's "Hard-Boiled Mary'", Arthur R. Landever
Four Remarkable Ohio Women Lawyers--The Cronise Sisters Of Tiffin, Florence Allen, And Cleveland Law School's "Hard-Boiled Mary'", Arthur R. Landever
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Four Ohio Women blazed the trail. Among the early women lawyers in our state, they overcame resistance from the male bar or the culture of the day to distinguish themselves in the profession. Nettie Cronise was the first woman admitted to the Ohio bar. Her sister Florence followed, several months later. Florence Allen, admitted in 1914, became the nation's preeminent woman judge of her time. Mary Grossman, from Jewish immigrant roots, had a memorable career on the Cleveland Municipal Court. Why did these women choose law despite society's obstacles? What do they have to tell us?
"Life" And "Liberty": Their Original Meaning, Historical Antecedents, And Current Significance In The Debate Over Abortion Rights, Sheldon Gelman
"Life" And "Liberty": Their Original Meaning, Historical Antecedents, And Current Significance In The Debate Over Abortion Rights, Sheldon Gelman
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The legal controversy over abortion has been a dispute about constitutional “liberty.” Constitutional debate has ranged far and wide over questions of natural law, interpretative method, and judicial function, yet liberty remains the focal point. It is widely believed that if abortion and privacy rights derive from anything in the Constitution, they derive from “liberty,” and that if anything in the Constitution tells us how to treat those rights, “liberty” does. Part I outlines the present day controversy over liberty and abortion, including the multiple, conflicting opinions in Casey. Part II examines the phrase “life, liberty, or property,” and the …
The Present State Of Sexual Harassment Law: Perpetuating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder In Sexually Harassed Women, Jennifer L. Vinciguerra
The Present State Of Sexual Harassment Law: Perpetuating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder In Sexually Harassed Women, Jennifer L. Vinciguerra
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will argue that current federal legislation was developed, and has subsequently been interpreted by the courts, with little or no consideration for a victimized woman. Instead of addressing the causes and effects of sexual harassment head on, the legislature has largely ignored the realities of sexual harassment as a traumatizing experience faced by thousands of working women each year. Part H of this Note will address the development and current state of sexual harassment law, as well as the Supreme Court's ruling in Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson. Part III will discuss Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as …
The Road Not Taken: State Constitutions As An Alternative Source Of Protection For Reproductive Rights, Kevin F. O'Neill
The Road Not Taken: State Constitutions As An Alternative Source Of Protection For Reproductive Rights, Kevin F. O'Neill
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Lawyers seeking constitutional protection for reproductive rights have relied almost exclusively on a liberty/privacy theory under the Federal Constitution. In the wake of Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, this theory may be seen as providing a floor of minimum protection-preventing states from banning abortion outright. But it is not strong enough to prevent states from enacting restrictions on the availability of abortion. Thus, the battle over reproductive rights may be seen as shifting from one phase ("Can abortion be banned?") to another ("How far can states go in restricting access to abortion'?"). If proponents of reproductive freedom are …
Operation Rescue Blockades And The Misuse Of 42 U.S.C. 1985(3), Michael F. O'Brien
Operation Rescue Blockades And The Misuse Of 42 U.S.C. 1985(3), Michael F. O'Brien
Cleveland State Law Review
The purpose of this Note is to demonstrate that § 1985(3) is not applicable to Operation Rescue's blockade activities. Part II provides a brief survey of the history of § 1985(3) from its roots in the post-Civil War era to the 1950's. Part III examines the requirements for a § 1985(3) claim as delineated in the Griffin, Novotny, and Scott decisions. Part IV applies these requirements to the blockade controversy and argues that: (1) Gender-based animus should be accepted by the Court as a form of class-based animus within the meaning of § 1985(3); (2) the blockades do not fall …
Uaw V. Johnson Controls: The Supreme Court Fails To Get The Lead Out, Overlooks Fetal Harm Resulting From Workplace Exposure, John M. Tkacik Jr.
Uaw V. Johnson Controls: The Supreme Court Fails To Get The Lead Out, Overlooks Fetal Harm Resulting From Workplace Exposure, John M. Tkacik Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc., recently decided by the United States Supreme Court, has resulted in what one commentator described as "[t]he strongest and most important sex-discrimination victory in nearly 30 years." As a result of the decision, employers can no longer bar women from hazardous jobs through fetal-protection policies, except under the most extreme and narrow circumstances. This legal victory for women in the workplace, however, has seriously impacted the debate over the protection of fetal health and safety. The Supreme Court, in a seemingly encore presentation of Roe, again overlooked the harm facing the unborn child in Johnson …
Toward Guidelines For Compelling Cesarean Surgery: Of Rights, Responsibility And Decisional Authenticity, Joel J. Finer
Toward Guidelines For Compelling Cesarean Surgery: Of Rights, Responsibility And Decisional Authenticity, Joel J. Finer
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
When, if ever, may a pregnant woman be compelled to undergo a cesarean section to save the life of a viable, verge-of-birth fetus? Courts and scholars have increasingly addressed the constitutional and ethical problems presented when a woman about to give birth requires a cesarean section to prevent the death of or severe harm to her fetus, and the woman refuses to have the surgery. Nationally, over a five year period, courts have heard twenty-one cases in which a court-ordered cesarean was being sought. Under what circumstances, if any, is it legally and ethically appropriate to compel a woman to …
Advising The Family Business Owner In Succession Planning: The Daughter Option, Debra G. Simms
Advising The Family Business Owner In Succession Planning: The Daughter Option, Debra G. Simms
Cleveland State Law Review
This article will explore the role of the family business in our economy, discuss the importance of its continuity, and suggest that women should be given a greater opportunity to succeed in their own family's business. The final section will analyze whether lawyers can respond to the changing values prompted by the women's movement and counsel clients to explore the possibility that their daughter may be the best successor to the family business.
Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson
Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson
Cleveland State Law Review
Any discussion of equality under the law must necessarily revolve around the equal protection clause. Therefore, this discussion will indicate first where equal protection analysis has succeeded ineffectively dealing with sex discrimination and the significance of the judicial policy behind these successes. Secondly, the failures of the equal protection clause will be examined with specific attention to the five methods in which the equal protection clause has failed to eliminate laws discriminating on the basis of sex. Finally, the failures of the equal protection clause will be illustrated as starting points for work in the area of sexual equality in …
Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson
Equality Between The Sexes In The 1980'S, Nancy S. Erickson
Cleveland State Law Review
Any discussion of equality under the law must necessarily revolve around the equal protection clause. Therefore, this discussion will indicate first where equal protection analysis has succeeded ineffectively dealing with sex discrimination and the significance of the judicial policy behind these successes. Secondly, the failures of the equal protection clause will be examined with specific attention to the five methods in which the equal protection clause has failed to eliminate laws discriminating on the basis of sex. Finally, the failures of the equal protection clause will be illustrated as starting points for work in the area of sexual equality in …
The Woman Law Student: The View From The Front Of The Classroom, Jurate Jason, Lizabeth Moody, James Schuerger
The Woman Law Student: The View From The Front Of The Classroom, Jurate Jason, Lizabeth Moody, James Schuerger
Cleveland State Law Review
The primary purpose of this study was to examine law professors' opinions on selected areas of the professor-student relationship with primary focus on the professors' views of and reactions to women law students. A secondary purpose of the study was to stimulate law professors to examine their attitudes and behavior toward women law students.
Women And The Equal Protection Clause, Eric R. Gilbertson
Women And The Equal Protection Clause, Eric R. Gilbertson
Cleveland State Law Review
The stance of the law in this respect, as with other social trends, has generally reflected the current attitudes that dominate the society it governs. Yet, as late as 1969, we still had judges on the appellate level taking judicial notice of the female's lesser capacity for sexual arousal, the sexual behavior of "the vast majority of women in a civilized society," and the "normal" behavior of a married woman in the presence of her husband in their bedroom;' all in a puritanically paternalistic fashion. This, and other absurd judicial pronouncements may have been what prompted one controversial attorney to …
Discrimination Against Women In Employment In Higher Education, Alan Miles Ruben, Betty J. Willis
Discrimination Against Women In Employment In Higher Education, Alan Miles Ruben, Betty J. Willis
Cleveland State Law Review
Having been forced to adjust the structure of academic governance and the design of the curriculum responsively to large-scale student protest, it now appears that universities will have to rework their traditional patterns for the appointment, compensation and promotion of faculty and administrative staff to satisfy the demands being made by the women's liberation movement for an end to sexist employment practices.
The Constitution And The One-Sex College, Lizabeth A. Moody
The Constitution And The One-Sex College, Lizabeth A. Moody
Cleveland State Law Review
These cases bring into sharp focus the question whether the Constitution permits government-sponsored institutions of higher learning on the basis of sex. Such institutions have a lengthy history in this country and, during the early years of the Republic, were the rule rather than the exception. Tradition, however, is not the test of constitutional permissibility.
Wife's Action For Loss Of Consortium, Keith E. Spero
Wife's Action For Loss Of Consortium, Keith E. Spero
Cleveland State Law Review
Legal writers have long maintained that a wife should be allowed to bring an action for loss of consortium, even though the injury to her husband was due to the negligence-as opposed to the intentional misconduct-of the defendant. Most courts have traditionally held, however, that a wife has no such cause of action, advancing such reasons as a fear that the injury to the wife is too remote or indirect, that to allow the action would result in a double recovery to husband and wife for the same injury, and that since a wife has no legal right to her …
Premenstrual Tension In Automobile Accidents, Naoma Lee Stewart
Premenstrual Tension In Automobile Accidents, Naoma Lee Stewart
Cleveland State Law Review
The scope of possible legal problems involved in the existence of this physical and mental dysfunction caused by premenstrual is very wide. For the sake of brevity the writer would like to separate the discussions of criminal and civil responsibility, and make this initial study one which is specifically limited to the civil rights and liabilities of women involved in automobile accidents. It is emphasized that the effects of premenstrual tension in torts are not as clearly pertinent as they are in crimes. But they are pertinent.
Psychotic Aspects Of Premenstrual Tension, Naoma Lee Stewart
Psychotic Aspects Of Premenstrual Tension, Naoma Lee Stewart
Cleveland State Law Review
What legal conclusions may be drawn from the newly developing medical understanding of premenstrual tension in women, insofar as mental competency and criminal law are concerned? That is the subject of this paper.
Husband And Wife-Consortium Right Of Action In Wife For Negligent Injury To Husband, James B. Taylor
Husband And Wife-Consortium Right Of Action In Wife For Negligent Injury To Husband, James B. Taylor
Cleveland State Law Review
Where the loss of her husband's consortium is the result of personal injuries caused by the mere negligence of a third person, the wife has no cause of action; she did not have such right at common law and no legislation has been enacted to give her this right. Nevertheless, at the same time that this right is denied to the wife, her husband has a cause of action under identical circumstances. In such a case, the gist of the action is the loss of his wife's services, and the right has not been affected by legislation which has abrogated …