Law and Gender Commons^™

Following In The European Union’S Footsteps: Why The United States Should Adopt Its Own “Right To Be Forgotten” Law For Crime Victims, 32 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 185 (2016), Erin Cooper

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

This comment aims to look at this intersection between Google search results, their lack of removal options in the United States, and the potential harm this can cause crime victims. The comment will begin by assessing Google’s method for delivering search results, and its general removal process for most non-European nations. Then, this comment will continue by looking at the European Union and its “right to be forgotten” ruling that allows people in certain circumstances to remove their personal information from the Internet, and what the United States can learn from its implementation. Moreover, we will then contrast the European …

Gay Rights Versus Religious Freedom, And The Influence Of Obergefell V. Hodges On Distinguishing The Dividing Line, Kathleen Rainey Mcstravick

St. Mary's Law Journal

Obergefell v. Hodges, a United States Supreme Court case, added more fuel to the fire, leaving many to wonder how to voice religious opposition to same-sex marriages, and what are the second order effects for religious opposition in light of the new rule. The Court held the Equal Protection Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation. Obergefell, brings the conflict between freedom of religion and LGBT rights to a new level by questioning how far freedom of religion can be used to refuse anti-discrimination statutes regarding sexual …

Religion's Power Over Reproductive Care: State Religious Freedom Restoration Laws And Abortion, Sophia Martin Schechner

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that state Religious Freedom Restoration Acts (RFRAs), such as those in Missouri and Alabama, can be strategically used by pro-choice advocates to challenge restrictive informed consent laws for abortion, as these laws may violate the Establishment Clause and unduly burden women's religious freedom. By leveraging state RFRAs, advocates can resist reproductive care restrictions imposed by such laws, offering a novel legal strategy to protect abortion access.

Alternative Restrictions Of Sex Offenders' Social Media Use & The Freedom Of Speech, Norah M. Sloss

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Justice Brennan's Gender Jurisprudence, Rebecca Korzec

Akron Law Review

However, less attention has been focused on Justice Brennan's dramatic impact on the Supreme Court's gender jurisprudence. More than any other member of the Court, Justice Brennan recognized the complexity and pervasiveness of sex discrimination and its costs to society as a whole. Brennan's opinions recognized that sex differentiation is largely cultural in origin, rather than based on "real" gender differences. As a result, Justice Brennan created a truly independent gender jurisprudence, eventually emerging as the architect of the Supreme Court's contemporary test for evaluating claims of sex-based discrimination.

Understanding the significance of Brennan's contribution requires an appreciation of the …

National Organization For Women V. Scheidler: Rico A Valuable Tool For Controlling Violent Protest, Suzanne Wentzel

Akron Law Review

This Note will examine the recent decision of the United States Supreme Court in National Organization for Women v. Scheidler that allows courts to apply RICO to non-economic enterprises. This Note will first discuss the problems that arise from protest, as well as a brief historical background of the RICO statute. It will further analyze the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's decision to apply RICO to anti-abortion protesters, and explore the possible First Amendment implications of such a decision.

A Primer On Hobby Lobby: For-Profit Corporate Entities’ Challenge To The Hhs Mandate, Free Exercise Rights, Rfra’S Scope, And The Nondelegation Doctrine, Terri R. Day, Leticia M. Diaz, Danielle Weatherby

Pepperdine Law Review

Earlier this term, the United States Supreme Court heard oral argument in the consolidated case of Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. v. Sebelius, the first of a litany of cases in which for-profit business entities are invoking the Religious Freedom Restoration Act ("RFRA") in support of their claim that the Affordable Care Act’s HHS Mandate violates their freedom of religion. In particular, these plaintiffs argue that the Mandate’s requirement that employer-provided health insurance covers the costs of contraceptives, the "morning after" pill, and other fertility-related drugs conflicts with their deeply-held religious belief that life begins at conception and is, therefore, unconstitutional. …

The Need To Criminalize Revenge Porn: How A Law Protecting Victims Can Avoid Running Afoul Of The First Amendment, Adrienne N. Kitchen

Chicago-Kent Law Review

Revenge porn occurs when someone posts sexually explicit images of their former paramour on the web, often with contact information for the victim’s work and home. There are thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, of victims. Victims lose or quit their jobs; they are harassed by strangers; some change their name or alter their appearance. Some victims resort to suicide; others are stalked, assaulted, or killed. Civil suits fail to remove the images or deter perpetrators. Current criminal laws are insufficient in several common instances. These shortcomings mean there is a need to criminalize revenge porn.

Revenge porn is obscene and …

The Myth Of Obsolete Obscenity, Jennifer M. Kinsley

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Dressed To Oppress? An Analysis Of The Legal Treatment Of The First Amendment And Its Effect On Muslim Women Who Wear Hijabs, Nida Alvi

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note examines the legal treatment of Muslim women's right to wear hijabs in the United States, arguing that while the First Amendment protects religious expression, Muslim women often face discrimination and undue burdens in schools, employment, and public spaces. The analysis highlights how courts and institutions frequently question the sincerity of their religious beliefs and impose assimilationist pressures, undermining true religious freedom.

No Religious Out For Firefighters Staffing Engine In Pride Parade, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Outing Privacy, Scott Skinner-Thompson

Publications

The government regularly outs information concerning people's sexuality, gender identity, and HIV status. Notwithstanding the implications of such outings, the Supreme Court has yet to resolve whether the Constitution contains a right to informational privacy - a right to limit the government's ability to collect and disseminate personal information.

This Article probes informational privacy theory and jurisprudence to better understand the judiciary's reluctance to fully embrace a constitutional right to informational privacy. The Article argues that while existing scholarly theories of informational privacy encourage us to broadly imagine the right and its possibilities, often focusing on informational privacy's ability to …

Court Of Appeals Of New York - Catholic Charities Of The Diocese Of Albany V. Serio, Sarah Marx

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Mandatory Ultrasound Statutes And The First Amendment, Shifting The Constitutional Perspective, Cheri D. Smith

Women, Leadership & Equality

The jurisprudence of abortion law is replete with instances in which the concerns of the woman seeking the procedure have taken a back seat. The newest battleground in abortion regulation involves mandatory ultrasound statutes touted as informed consent regulations. The analysis of courts confronting these statutes has turned on whether the mandatory disclosures violate the physician’s First Amendment right to be free from compelled speech. The particular breed of statute at issue in this paper requires a physician not only to perform an ultrasound, but also to make the images visible to the woman, to make audible the heartbeat, and …

Religious Exceptionalism And Human Rights, Laura S. Underkuffler

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The liberal-democratic governmental compact assures that citizenship, political power, and civic participation in all of its forms will be afforded to all citizens on an equal basis. In particular, simple identity—as a presumptive matter—cannot be the basis for the denial of human rights. It is on this simple yet elegant principle that all civil-rights laws are founded.

Freedom of religion presents a particularly complex problem in this context. On the one hand, it is—itself—a universally recognized member of the human rights family, and is protected under civil-rights laws. On the other hand, it is— because of its possible invocation by …

When Speech Isn't Free: Legal Barriers And Consequences Of Reporting Sexual Violence, Kevin M. Fleming

Departmental Honors Projects

Incidents of sexual violence continue to be a serious problem for society. Likewise, acts of sexual violence impose severe consequences for survivors. The consequences initially begin at the onset of the survivor’s journey to psychological recovery following the traumatic sexual assault. The consequences take on a unique set of characteristics when the survivor attempts to use the justice system to confront the perpetrator who committed the offense. These characteristics can transform an adversarial process into an isolated battle for the survivor. In the worst cases, the justice system empowers individuals who wish to silence survivors with free speech restrictions instead …

In The Name Of The Son: The Strategic Importance Of Prenatal Personhood In Abortion Law, Alejandro Madrazo

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

Prenatal personhood has been used as a vehicle for restricting abortion rights and other reproductive rights. This Article explores how, through narrative, the question of the status of prenatal life shapes the structure of debates over abortion law and reproductive rights. Whether prenatal hfe is deemed a person or not determines the narrative structures that can be deployed around abortion and, in consequence, strategically orients these debates by determining the key questions that must be addressed and the scope of answers that can be provided. By carrying out a comparative analysis of opinions of local, national and international courts from …

Speech As A Weapon: Planned Parenthood V. American Coalition Of Life Activists And The Need For A Reasonable Listener Standard, Alex J. Berkman

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

California V. Larue: The Demise Of The “Bottomless” Bar , Doris M. Felman

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sarong Gals: Green Light For The Red Light Abatement Law, Donald Lewis Briggs

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Commercial Speech In Crisis: Crisis Pregnancy Center Regulations And Definitions Of Commercial Speech, Kathryn E. Gilbert

Michigan Law Review

Recent attempts to regulate Crisis Pregnancy Centers, pseudoclinics that surreptitiously aim to dissuade pregnant women from choosing abortion, have confronted the thorny problem of how to define commercial speech. The Supreme Court has offered three potential answers to this definitional quandary. This Note uses the Crisis Pregnancy Center cases to demonstrate that courts should use one of these solutions, the factor-based approach of Bolger v. Youngs Drugs Products Corp., to define commercial speech in the Crisis Pregnancy Center cases and elsewhere. In principle and in application, the Bolger factor-based approach succeeds in structuring commercial speech analysis at the margins of …

Outing The Majority: Gay Rights, Public Debate, And Polarization After Doe V. Reed, Marc Allen

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

In 2010, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Doe v. Reed that Washington citizens who signed a petition to eliminate legal rights for LGBT couples did not have a right to keep their names secret. A year later, in ProtectMarriage.com v. Bowen, a district court in California partially relied on Reed to reject a similar request from groups who lobbied for California Proposition 8-a constitutional amendment that overturned the California Supreme Court's landmark 2008 gay marriage decision. These holdings are important to election law, feminist, and first amendment scholars for a number of reasons. First, they flip the traditional …

Baring Inequality: Revisiting The Legalization Debate Through The Lens Of Strippers' Rights, Sheerine Alemzadeh

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The debate over legalization of prostitution has fractured the feminist legal community for over a quarter century. Pro-legalization advocates promote the benefits attending government regulation of prostitution, including the ability to better prosecute sex crimes, increase public health and educational resources for individuals in the commercial sex trade, and apply labor and safety regulations to the commercial sex industry in the same manner as they are applied to other businesses. Some anti-legalization advocates identify themselves as "new abolitionists," and argue that government recognition of prostitution reinforces gender inequality. Often, this debate is framed in the hypothetical: What would happen if …

The North Carolina Woman’S Right To Know Act: An Unconstitutional Infringement On A Physician’S First Amendment Right To Free Speech, Ryan Bakelaar

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The North Carolina Woman’s Right to Know Act represents the crossroads of the Supreme Court’s First Amendment, informed consent, and abortion-related jurisprudence. The Act requires physicians to perform an obstetric ultrasound, verbally convey specific information regarding ultrasonographic findings, and communicate a host of other information to patients seeking abortions. The purported goal of the Act is to ensure that physicians obtain appropriate informed consent from such patients. By compelling a physician to convey this information, the State violates the physician’s First Amendment rights. Indeed, the State may not compel an individual to convey the State’s ideological message. Further, any statute …

Roe's Race: The Supreme Court Decision, Legal History, And The Racial Politics Of Abortion, Mary Ziegler

Scholarly Publications

Questions of race and abortion have shaped current legal debates about defunding Planned Parenthood and banning race-selection abortion. In these discussions, abortion opponents draw a close connection between the eugenic or population-control movements of the twentieth century and the contemporary abortion-rights movement. In challenging legal restrictions on abortion, abortion-rights activists generally insist that their movement and its predecessors have primarily privileged reproductive choice.

Notwithstanding the centrality of race to abortion politics, there has been no meaningful history of the racial politics of abortion that produced or followed Roe v. Wade. This Article bridges this gap in the abortion discussion by …

Crisis Pregnancy Centers: Impeding The Right To Informed Decision Making, Alice X. Chen

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) in the United States engage in deceptive practices to deter women from obtaining abortions, often masquerading as medical facilities while providing misleading information about reproductive health. These centers receive significant funding from federal and state governments, despite their lack of regulation and medical licensure. The note contends that while local governments have attempted to regulate CPCs through ordinances requiring transparency, these efforts have largely been struck down by federal courts on First Amendment grounds. The author advocates for state-level action to protect women's rights to informed decision-making and accurate reproductive healthcare.

$4.5 Million Defamation Award Against Anti-Gay Official Upheld, Arthur S. Leonard

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Ban On Nude Dancing Strips Away First Amendment Rights To Protect "Order And Morality" In Barnes V. Glen Theatre, Inc., Shannon Mclin Carlyle

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Policy Against Federal Funding For Abortions Extends Into The Realm Of Free Speech After Rust V. Sullivan, Loye M. Barton

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Madsen V. Women's Health Center, Inc.: Striking An Unequal Balance Between The Right Of Women To Obtain An Abortion And The Right Of Pro-Life Groups To Freedom Of Expression, Keli N. Osaki

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.