Labor and Employment Law Commons^™

Labor Markets, Rationality, And Workers With Disabilities, Michael Ashley Stein

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Domestic Partner Benefits Limited To Same-Sex Couples: Sex Discrimination Under Title Vii, Paul R. Lynd

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Marital Status Discrimination: A Proposal For Title Vii Protection, Nicole Buonocore Porter

Faculty Publications

Marital status is not one of the protected categories of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal antidiscrimination statute that governs discrimination in employment. This Article will argue that to avoid the types of inequities caused by marital status discrimination, it is necessary for Title VII to protect employees against marital status discrimination.

The more common claims of marital status discrimination are claims that an employer's no-spouse rule or antinepotism policy violates the state antidiscrimination statute. [These policies have two significant problems.] First of all, many courts fail to look at the widely disparate consequences of …

Empirical Implications Of Title I, Michael Ashley Stein

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

There's Nothing Special About Sex: The Supreme Court Mainstreams Sexual Harassment, Rebecca Hanner White

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

In this Essay, Professor White argues that the Supreme Court finally has merged analysis of sexual harassment law with other claims of intentional discrimination. Professor White contends that the Court's decision in Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson created confusion over the proper analysis of sexual harassment claims by seemingly embracing quid pro quo and hostile work environment theories as distinct forms of discrimination and by suggesting that at least some sexual harassment claims may warrant a revised approach to employer liability. In the wake of Meritor, sexual harassment claims increasingly were evaluated differently from other claims of disparate treatment, …

Taking Discrimination Seriously: Oncale And The Fate Of Exceptionalism In Sexual Harassment Law, Steven L. Willborn

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

In both the case law and the literature, sexual harassment is treated as an exceptional and unique form of discrimination. In this Article, Professor Willborn expands on the Supreme Court's recent decision in Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. to argue that this exceptionalism should be rejected and that harassment law should return to its roots in the broader body of antidiscrimination law. Professor Willborn begins by articulating the contours of a discrimination-centered model of sexual harassment and explaining how it differs from currently accepted views. He then reviews the Supreme Court's recent cases on sexual harassment, concluding that they …

Civil Rights Without Remedies: Vicarious Liability Under Title Vii, Section 1983, And Title Ix, Catherine Fisk, Erwin Chemerinsky

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

The Supreme Court has taken an inconsistent approach to allowing vicarious liability under major civil rights statutes. In recent cases, the Court has permitted qualified vicarious liability for supervisors' sexual harassment under Title VII, but rejected vicarious liability under Title IX. Earlier, the Court rejected vicarious liability for local governments sued under Section 1983. In this Article, Professors Fisk and Chemerinsky describe the Court's inconsistent approaches and argue that they cannot bejustfied by the text or legislative history of these statutes. Professors Fisk and Chemerinsky argue that each of these statutes is meant to achieve the same purpose, deterring civil …

Faragher, Ellerth, And The Federal Law Of Vicarious Liability For Sexual Harassment By Supervisors: Something Lost, Something Gained, And Something To Guard Against, William R. Corbett

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

In this Essay, the author faces his nightmare exam question: he must define "sexual harassment" to the satisfaction of several potential graders with different perspectives on sexual harassment law. His valiant effort to justify his response leads him to a discussion of the federal law of vicarious liability for sexual harassment by supervisors after the Supreme Court's recent rejection of tort law respondeat superior analysis for such claims under Title VII. The author argues that, while the rejection of the tort standard for vicarious liability in Title VII claims removes the longstanding connection between Title VII law and state tort …

Private Amici Curaie And The Supreme Court's 1997-1998 Term Employment Law Jurisprudence, Andrew P. Morriss

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

The amicus curiae brief has become a common occurrence in today's legal arena, especially with the proliferation of private interest groups that specialize in numerous topics of political and social interest. The substantial increase in the use of amici briefs, however, has sparked criticism concerning both the costs (in effort and resources) associated with filing these griefs and the persuasive effect (or lack thereof) the briefs have on the Court. Much of this criticism arises from the failure of many interest groups to posit "legal" arguments that apply the facts of a given case to the law. Instead, the amici …

The Plain Meaning Of Oncale, Catherine J. Lanctot

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

The unanimous Supreme Court opinion in Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. caught many observers by surprise. Even more surprising than the Court's unanimity on the divisive issue of same-sex harassment, however, was the author of the opinion-the deeply conservative Justice Antonin Scalia. Many commentators suggest that the opinion's requirement that plaintiffs prove that the harassment was "because of sex" will hamper lawsuits arising from single-sex work environments. Attempts to fit the decision within traditional Title VII jurisprudence inevitably will be clouded by conjecture about Scalia's true intent. Indeed, after one year of experience with Oncale, the judicial record is …

Strengthening Title Vii: 1997-1998 Sexual Harassment Jurisprudence, Elizabeth D. Evans

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

Civil Rights Act Of 1991 -- Employer Liability For Punitive Damages In Title Vii Claims, Angela M. Banks

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"Because The Constitution Requires It And Because Justice Demands It": Specific Speech Injunctive Relief For Title Vii Hostile Work Environment Claims, Cecilee Price-Huish

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Abusive speech often is used effectively by harassers in the workplace to intimidate, terrorize, objectify, and humiliate their intended victims, thus helping to secure and maintain social inequality in the workforce, especially among racial and gender minority employees. Pursuant to the adoption of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the United States Supreme Court, in Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, interpreted the statute's anti-employment discrimination mandate as imposing liability for conduct or words in the workplace that have the purpose or effect of interfering with an employee's work performance or of creating an intimidating or hostile work …

Pregnancy-Based Sex Discrimination, Robert Richard Rico

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Erisa Section 104(B)(4): What Documents Do Employees Have A Right To Demand From Their Employers?, Anne-Marie M. Miles

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review Of Employment Discrimination Law, James S. Heller

Library Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Modern Discrimination Theory And The National Labor Relations Act, Rebecca Hanner White

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Addressing The Cloud Over Employee References: A Survey Of Recently Enacted State Legislation, Alex B. Long

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chadris, Inc. V. Latsis And The Test For Seaman Status: The Supreme Court Muddies The Waters Again, Anne Norris Graham

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Adarand Constructors, Inc. V. Pena And The Continuing Irrelevance Of Supreme Court Affirmative Action Decisions, Neal Devins

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Business Necessity Defense In Disparate Impact Discrimination Cases, Susan Grover

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment: A New Standard, Lynn T. Dickinson

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Section 5: Moot Court: Harris V. Forklift Systems, Inc., Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

Supreme Court Preview

No abstract provided.

The Employer's Fetal Injury Quandary After Johnson Controls, Susan Grover

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reagan Redux: Civil Rights Under Bush, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Political Will And The Unitary Executive: What Makes An Independent Agency Independent?, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Fetal Hazards, Gender Justice, And The Justices: The Limits Of Equality, David L. Kirp

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Matter Of Trust: Institutional Employer Liability For Acts Of Child Abuse By Employees, Jessica Lynch

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Employing The Alcoholic Under The Americans With Disabilities Act Of 1990, Wendy K. Voss

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Silenced Majority: Martin V. Wilks And The Legislative Response, Susan Grover

Faculty Publications

An American worker finds himself disadvantaged by an employer's affirmative action program. The worker heads for the courthouse, reverse discrimination complaint in hand. Will he be allowed to sue? Prior to the Supreme Court's 1989 Martin v. Wilks decision, the answer to that question tended to be "no." Wilks changed the answer to an emphatic ·yes." With the 1991 Civil Rights Act, the answer has become "probably not." This article discusses the bar against such challenges as developed through case law and recent congressional action. It addresses the implications that the new statutory bar will have for the structure of …