Labor and Employment Law Commons^™

Introduction, Joseph O'Meara

Journal Articles

A symposium was held on February 29, 1964, devoted to the constitutional amendments proposed by the Council of State Governments. Very briefly these amendments would (1) vest power to amend the Constitution in State legislatures; (2) set up a "Court of the Union," composed of the chief justice of the supreme court of each of the 50 states, which would have authority to review "any judgment of the Supreme Court relating to the rights reserved to the states or to the people by this Constitution"; (3) take from the federal courts all jurisdiction over the apportionment of representation in State …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Antitrust Law--Restraint of Trade--Applicability of Section 7 of Clayton Act to Bank Mergers

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Constitutional Law--Appointment of Counsel for Indigent Defendants in State Criminal Trials

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Constitutional Law--Civil Rights--State Action--Effect of Standard Urban Redevelopment Land Use Covenant

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Constitutional Law--Free Exercise of Religion--Denial of Unemployment Compensation to Seventh-Day Adventist

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Constitutional Law--Self Incrimination--Effect of a Defendant's Comment on His Codefendant's Silence

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Labor Law--Ability of Individual Employee To Bring Suit Under Section 301 of Taft-Hartley Act

Book Reviews, Walter P. Armstrong, Jr., Robert N. Covington, Louis Smigel

Vanderbilt Law Review

It is refreshing to find among the myriad of volumes on trial practice published in recent years one which neither assumes that cases are tried in an emotional vacuum, where nothing but concrete facts and abstract propositions of law can influence the jury, nor deteriorates into a personal reminiscence on the part of the author of past court-room victories with the simple instruction to the reader to go and do likewise. Obviously a widely experienced courtroom practitioner, Mr.Gazan seldom utilizes that background directly for purposes of illustration; rather he draws from it general propositions applicable to courtroom procedure, which he …

The Worker And Three Phases Of Unionism: Administrative And Judicial Control Of The Worker-Union Relationship, Alfred W. Blumrosen

Michigan Law Review

This article will examine the extent to which, and the methods by which, individual rights are protected in each of these three phases of union activity. We will see that the employee is well protected in his right to oppose political action of the union and has considerable legal protection for his rights to engage in internal union political struggles, but the employee has received little protection for his economic interests in collective bargaining between unions and employers. A recent decision by the NLRB, which will be examined in some detail, suggests that additional protection for individual economic rights in …

Priority Paradoxes In Patent Law, Richard H. Stern

Vanderbilt Law Review

The constitutional provision governing patents gives Congress the power to promote the progress of useful arts "by securing for limited Times to... Inventors the exclusive Right to their... Discoveries. "'Because an "exclusive right" suggests an exclusive grant, the Patent Office interference proceeding has been created for the purpose of determining administratively the question of priority of rights between two or more parties claiming substantially the same invention. This article attempts to state in terms of an informal axiomatic system the rules of law for determining priority of invention, and then examine that system to explore its possible paradoxes Finally, an …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Antitrust Law--Restraint of Trade-Supreme Court Suggests A New Reading of Section 3 of the Clayton Act

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Civil Rights--Abatement and Revival--State Survival and Wrongful Death Statutes Adopted in Federal Civil Rights Act Suits

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Constitutional Law--Tenth Amendment-the Estate of A Veteran Dying Intestate Without Heirs May Constitutionally Escheat to the Federal Rather Than State Government

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Due Process of Law--A State May Deny An Applicant Admission to the Bar for Refusing To Answer Questions About His Advocacy of Subversive Organizations Or Objectives

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Federal Courts--State Security for Expenses Statute Inapplicable in Federal Equity Action Under Securities Exchange Act

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Federal …

Constitutional Law--Protected Freedoms And Rights--Enforced Organizational Dues, William Erwin Barr

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Some Problems Of Evidence Before The Labor Arbitrator, R. W. Fleming

Michigan Law Review

Legal rules of evidence do not, of course, apply before the labor arbitrator. This is not surprising since such rules were developed in connection with jury trials, and do not apply strictly in any tribunal but a jury-court. The whole theory of the arbitration tribunal is that it is composed of experts who repeatedly inquire into a relatively homogeneous kind of cases. Exclusionary rules are hardly required as a precautionary measure. Indeed, as the late Harry Shulman said in his classic Oliver Wendell Holmes lecture at Harvard in 1955, "The more serious danger is not that the arbitrator will hear …

The Right Of Association And Labor Law, Robert J. Affeldt

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

The Constitution And Occupational Licensing In Massachusetts, Henry Paul Monaghan

Faculty Scholarship

Judges have long recognized that the right to earn a living in any of the common occupations is among those fundamental interests which a democratic society should protect. Justice Bradley characterized it as an "inalienable right," and Justice Douglas asserted that it is "the most precious liberty that man possesses." Indeed, Mr. Justice Field viewed protection of this right as one of the distinguishing features of our republican institutions. That the right to earn a living is generally within the protective mantle of the Fourteenth Amendment is now long settled constitutional doctrine. Writing for a unanimous court in 1915, Mr. …

Constitutional Law - Due Process - Summary Dismissal Of A State Employee Who Invokes Fifth Amendment Before A Congressional Committee, John L. Peschel

Michigan Law Review

While employed as a social worker by the County of Los Angeles, Globe was subpoenaed to appear before a subcommittee of the House Un-American Activities Committee. California law imposed a duty on public employees to appear before certain tribunals and answer questions within specified categories, including an inquiry by a committee of the United States Congress as to past or present membership in the Communist Party. Failure to comply with the statute constituted insubordination, which would result in dismissal "in the manner provided by law." Because Globe had not yet acquired tenure, he was not entitled under civil service rules …

Labor Law - Labor-Management Relations Act - Constitutionality Of The Emergency Strike Provisions, James N. Adler

Michigan Law Review

In an effort to settle a nationwide steel strike the President invoked the "national emergency" provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. Having made the requisite finding that the strike would "imperil the national health or safety," he appointed a board of inquiry to investigate the dispute. Upon receipt of the board's report the President directed the Attorney General to seek an injunction against the strike. Basing its determination largely upon the strike's hindrance of the national defense program, the district court found the strike would "imperil the national health or safety" and granted the injunction The court of appeals, affirming, rejected …

Constitutional Law- Civil Rights - Union Use Of Dues For Political Action, Paul Hanke

Michigan Law Review

Defendant unions under the authority of section 2, Eleventh of the Railway Labor Act obtained union shop agreements from defendant railroads. Non-union employees sought to enjoin enforcement of the agreements because the unions used periodic dues, fees, and assessments to support political doctrines and candidates opposed by plaintiffs. The trial court dismissed for failure to state a cause of action, but the Supreme Court of Georgia overruled the dismissal and remanded. The lower court then ruled that petitioners were denied constitutional liberties and issued the injunction. On appeal, held, affirmed. Enforcement of union shop contracts requiring employees to pay …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Antitrust Act--Discriminatory Practices--Defenses Available to Charge of Discrimination in Furnishing Services and Facilities

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Bankruptcy--Priority of Wages--Employer's Contributions to Welfare Funds Are Not Entitled to Priority as Wages Due to Work

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Constitutional Law--Social Security Benefits--Automatic Suspension of Deported Person's Social Security Benefits a Denial of Due Process

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Constitutional Law--Union Shop Agreement Under Railway Labor Act Violates Constitutional Rights of Employees

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Corporations--Securities and Exchange Act of 1934--Liability of Director for Profits on Stock Acquired Prior to Election as Corporate Official

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Damages--Quasi Contract--Exemplary Damages in Quasi Contract When Defendant is Guilty of Fraud

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Evidence--Other Crimes--Admissibility of Evidence …

Labor Law - Labor Management Relations Act - Linking "Employer Free Speech" To No-Solicitation Rule, Barbara Burger

Michigan Law Review

During an organizational campaign the employer prohibited any dissemination of literature on company property and soliciting or campaigning on company time by employees while itself distributing within the plant non-threatening, anti-union literature. General Counsel for the NLRB contended that by this conduct the employer "interfered with, restrained or coerced" employees in their exercise of the right to self-organization. This contention was rejected by the NLRB, but on appeal was accepted by the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, held, reversed, two justices dissenting. Even if an employer could commit …

Constitutional Law - Due Process - Dismissal Of State Employees For Refusal To Answer Questions Concerning Membership In Communist Organizations, Roger W. Findley

Michigan Law Review

In companion cases state employees of Pennsylvania and New York were dismissed on grounds of "incompetency" and "doubtful trust and reliability" for refusing to answer questions by superiors concerning membership in communist organizations. Petitioner Beilan also invoked the Fifth Amendment at a hearing by a congressional investigating committee between the time he refused to answer his superior and the time he was dismissed. Appellant Lerner had invoked the Fifth Amendment when he refused to answer the questions asked by city officials. The highest courts of the states upheld the dismissals, making it clear that they were based on refusal to …

Constitutional Law--Freedom Of Speech--Ordinance Requiring Registration Of Union Organizers Held Violative, J. L. R.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Attorneys--Unauthorized Practice of Law--Negligence per se for Which Liable to Injured Person Other than Client

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Conflict of Laws--Choice of Law--Application of Dramshop Act Where Injury Occurs in Another State

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Constitutional Law--Due Process--Legislative Publication of Intercepted Attorney-Client Communication

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Corporations--Stockholders' Rights--Mandamus to Compel Inspection of Corporate Books at Place Outside Forum State

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Creditors' Rights--Federal Tax Liens--Removal of Lien from Property in Hands of Bonafide Purchaser

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Criminal Law--Perjury--Witness Brought before Grand Jury for Primary Purpose of Extracting Perjured Testimony

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Domestic Relations--Torts--Action by Husband against Wife for Negligently inflicted Personal Injuries

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Evidence--Witnesses--Cross-Examination of Character Witness for Accused …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Agency--Representations--Liability of Principal for Agent's Assault Where Consent Obtained by Fraud

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Constitutional Law--Due Process--Admissibility in State Criminal Prosecution of Results of Blood Test taken while Accused was Unconscious

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Constitutional Law--Privilege Against Self-Incrimination--Effect of Possible Federal Prosecution on Application of State Immunity Statute in State Criminal Proceedings

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Constitutional Law--Military Jurisdiction--Capital Offenses Committed by Civilian Dependents Accompanying Armed Forces Abroad in Peacetime

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Corporations--Election of Directors--Conflict Between Constitutional Right of Cumulative Voting and Statute Authorizing Classification of Directors

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Corporations--Officers--Secretary--Treasurer's Authority to Institute Litigation

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Corporations--Shareholder Voting Agreements--Applicability of Voting Trust Statute to Pooling Agreement Giving Irrevocable Proxies to …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Constitutional Law--Application of Privilege against Self-Incrimination to Denaturalization Proceedings

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Constitutional Law--Implied Immunity--Federal Contractor not Subject to State Licensing Requirements

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Evidence--Confession of Co-Conspirator Admissible under Proper Instructions in Joint Trial

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Federal Jurisdiction--Injunctions--Judicial Code Section 2283 is Inapplicable to Injunctions sought by the United States

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Judgments--Res Judicata--Voluntary Absence of Insured Constitutes Extrinsic Fraud

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Labor Law--Unemployment Insurance--Double Affirmation Clause Held Unconstitutional

Labor Law - Nlra - "Roving Situs" Picketing As Violation Of Section 8(B)(4)(A), William K. Muir Jr.

Michigan Law Review

Respondent union sought to organize the crane and dragline operators of a manufacturer of ready-mixed cement and posted pickets about the local manufacturing plant. During the working day each of the employer's delivery trucks crossed the picket line at least twice. In addition, the union established a roving picket line which circulated about the manufacturer's trucks while they were making deliveries to customers at local construction sites. The roving picketing lasted only so long as the workers of the primary employer remained on the customer's premises. The pickets at all times stayed within six hundred feet of the trucks. The …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Conflict of Laws--Alimony may be Awarded Wife after Husband obtains Ex Parte Divorce

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CONFLICT OF LAWS--FORUM NON CONVENIENS APPLIED FOR PROTECTION OF LOCAL INTERESTS

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW--IMPAIRMENT OF CONTRACT--EXISTING AUTOMOBILE DEALERSHIP CONTRACT MAY BE CHANGED TO PROTECT THE GENERAL WELFARE

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CRIMINAL LAW--BIGAMY--GOOD FAITH BELIEF THAT ACCUSED WAS DIVORCED IS A DEFENSE TO A CHARGE OF BIGAMY

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EVIDENCE--RELEVANCY--ADMISSION OF HABIT EVIDENCE TO SHOW DUE CARE

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FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT--SCOPE OF EMPLOYMENT--GOVERNMENT'S LIABILITY FOR SKYLARKING AIRCRAFT

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INCOME TAXATION--RESERVE WITHHELD BY FINANCE COMPANY AND CHARGEABLE WITH AMOUNT OF DISHONORED NOTES NOT ACCRUABLE AS INCOME TO INDORSER

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LABOR …

Incidents Of The Government-Servant Relationship, Ivor L.M. Richardson

Michigan Law Review

The procedures developed in the past five years to meet the threat of communist infiltration into public employment have focused attention on the position of persons working for the federal government. However, the loyalty program and the general problem of dismissal are not the only aspects of federal employment which raise important issues. Other aspects of the government-servant relationship may be of even greater importance to the civil servant in practice. For instance, what are his legal rights to his salary or to his pension if the government refuses to pay? Can he secure redress if he is suspended from …

Labor Law - Labor - Management Relations Act - Further Comments On Federalism, Robert B. Olsen S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Until a decade ago, the nation's lawyers paid little attention to the status of federal-state relations in the regulation of labor disputes. Today there hardly appears a volume of a legal journal that does not contain the product of new efforts to bring order out of the chaos that prevails in this area. A number of writers have apparently given up the task of reconciling statutory provisions with case law and case law with sound federal policy, and have resorted to the simpler, yet challenging, method of proposing amendments to existing federal statutes. Worthy as these efforts may be in …

Problems In The Removal Of Federal Civil Servants, Ivor L. M. Richardson

Michigan Law Review

The publicity given in the past few years to the loyalty and security program has brought the civil servant of the federal government increasingly before the public eye. At the same time little attention has been paid to the plight of a civil servant who is dismissed from his post for reasons other than those relating to loyalty and security. It is the purpose of this paper to consider different aspects of the removal of civil servants. We shall discuss (1) the government's power to remove civil servants both at common law and under statutes which deal with the exercise …

Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Enforceability Of Collective Agreements Under Section 301(A), Douglas Peck S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, an unincorporated labor organization, filed suit in federal district court to enforce a collective bargaining agreement with defendant. The complaint alleged that defendant was obligated by the agreement to pay employees represented by the plaintiff their full salary for the month of April 1951 regardless of the fact that they had been absent on certain working days. The suit was brought under section 301 (a) of the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947.On appeal from a court of appeals decision directing dismissal for lack of jurisdiction, held, affirmed, two justices dissenting. An action by a labor organization to enforce …

Labor Law - Organizational Picketing In Industries Not Affecting Interstate Commerce, Arne Hovdesven

Michigan Law Review

Representatives of defendant union approached plaintiff, proprietor of a small liquor store, with information that they planned to initiate an organizational campaign to obtain the membership of the store's three clerks, none of whom were members of any union at that time. Subsequent to this meeting, a picket line of two men was established and was maintained without any acts of violence, for over nineteen months until halted by a permanent injunction issued by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division. The union did not make any demands upon plaintiff to sign a contract or to recognize it as bargaining …

Labor Law - State Jurisdiction Over Acts Which Are Unfair Labor Practices Under Federal Labor Legislation, Eugene Alkema S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Extensive federal labor legislation under the commerce clause has created a perplexing jurisdictional problem in the state courts, which are confronted increasingly with the critical issue of possible conflict with a federal preemptive area of operation. The extent to which the federal government has superseded state jurisdiction over labor matters has remained unsettled under the current case law and the legislative history of the federal acts, and the need for clarification is apparent at a time when labor cases are reaching the courts in increasing numbers. It is natural for unions to raise the issue of lack of jurisdiction in …

Labor Law - Arbitration - Right Of Employer Of Discharge Employer Who Refuses To Testify Concerning His Communist Affiliation, Mary Lee Ryan

Michigan Law Review

A member of the United Electrical Workers Union was discharged from the J. H. Day Company because of his refusal to testify concerning his communist affiliation before the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee and because of the unfavorable publicity which had resulted. Under grievance procedure, the union brought the matter before arbitration. Findings, there was no just cause for dismissal. The employee is entitled to back pay and to reinstatement subject to security clearance. J. H. Day Company,. 22 LAB. Aim. RBP. 751 (1954).

Jurisdiction And Free Speech Problems In Peaceful Picketing, John P. Macarthur

Buffalo Law Review

Construction Workers v. Laburnum, 347 U. S. 656 (1954).