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Articles 271 - 300 of 308
Full-Text Articles in Juvenile Law
Toward Uniform Guardianship Legislation, William F. Fratcher
Toward Uniform Guardianship Legislation, William F. Fratcher
Michigan Law Review
The Model Probate Code, part IV of which covers guardianship of the persons and property of infants and mental incompetents, was published in 1946 under the auspices of the University of Michigan Law School. It was prepared for the Probate Law Division of the Section of Real Property, Probate, and Trust Law of the American Bar Association by its Model Probate Code Committee in cooperation with the research staff of the Law School. No state has adopted the Model Probate Code in its entirety, but parts of it have been enacted in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, …
A Critical View Of The Uniform Crime Reports, Sophia M. Robison
A Critical View Of The Uniform Crime Reports, Sophia M. Robison
Michigan Law Review
No one would deny that the FBI performs a vital function in investigating, identifying, and tracking down suspects who may endanger the life, liberty, and property of Americans. However, this writer feels that the Uniform Crime Reports published by the FBI should be subjected to a very critical analysis. Of primary concern are the indiscriminate acceptance of the official data by legislators and social science investigators and the doubtful inferences which a frightened public draws from news releases proclaiming that "the U.S. is sitting on a seething volcano of crime."
Foster Parents Versus Agencies: A Case Study In The Judicial Application Of "The Best Interests Of The Child" Doctrine, Sanford N. Katz
Foster Parents Versus Agencies: A Case Study In The Judicial Application Of "The Best Interests Of The Child" Doctrine, Sanford N. Katz
Michigan Law Review
A recurring problem which courts face is the need to resolve the conflict which arises when foster parents challenge the decision of agencies that have disqualified these persons from continuing their relationship with or adopting their foster child. This article will explore the role of courts in resolving these disputes and will suggest some criteria by which the courts may be guided in deciding such questions.
Buck: Children For Adoption, Sanford N. Katz
Buck: Children For Adoption, Sanford N. Katz
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Children for Adoption by Pearl Buck
Authorization Of Involuntary Blood Transfusion For Adult Jehovah's Witness Held Unconstitutional--In Re Brooks' Estate, Michigan Law Review
Authorization Of Involuntary Blood Transfusion For Adult Jehovah's Witness Held Unconstitutional--In Re Brooks' Estate, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Despite serious illness, plaintiff requested, in accordance with her religious beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness, that blood transfusions not be administered to her. Upon the request of her physician and several assistant state's attorneys, a court-appointed guardian was authorized to consent to a blood transfusion for the plaintiff, and a transfusion was administered. On appeal of the court's action to the Supreme Court of Illinois, held, order reversed. The authorization of a blood transfusion for an adult Jehovah's Witness who has only adult children is an unconstitutional interference with the patient's right to the free exercise of her religion.
A Child Conceived Through Artificial Insemination By A Third-Party Donor Is Illegitimate-Gursky V. Gursky, Michigan Law Review
A Child Conceived Through Artificial Insemination By A Third-Party Donor Is Illegitimate-Gursky V. Gursky, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Husband and wife, upon discovery of the husband's inability to father children, sought to have the wife artificially inseminated. The husband gave his written consent to the clinical impregnation and agreed to pay for it. As a result of the artificial insemination a child was born. Subsequently, the wife sought an annulment and petitioned for support of this child. Held, annulment granted, and child declared illegitimate. A child conceived through artificial insemination by a third-party donor, even though done with the consent of the mother's husband, is illegitimate. Gursky v. Gursky, 39 Misc. 2d 1083, 242 N.Y.S.2d 406 …
Child Custody In A Federal System, Leonard G. Ratner
Child Custody In A Federal System, Leonard G. Ratner
Michigan Law Review
Among the most difficult of judicial functions is the determination of a child's custody after its parents have separated. The difficulties are acute enough when all the parties remain in the same place; when the parties are in different states, an additional perplexing problem arises as to which state should have authority to make the custody decision. This broad question can be resolved into three distinct though interrelated issues: (1) what state may initially determine custody; (2) what state may later modify that determination; (3) to what extent is such a determination binding on other states.
Criminal Procedure - Jurisdiction - Juvenile Court's Right To Exclusive Jurisdiction Over A Contempt Proceeding Originally Initiated Against A Minor Child In A Court Of General Jurisdiction, Victor J. Gibbons S.Ed.
Criminal Procedure - Jurisdiction - Juvenile Court's Right To Exclusive Jurisdiction Over A Contempt Proceeding Originally Initiated Against A Minor Child In A Court Of General Jurisdiction, Victor J. Gibbons S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A seventeen-year-old minor sought a writ of prohibition against a circuit court to prevent it from enforcing a decree of contempt of court which resulted from her refusal to testify before a grand jury proceeding. She asserted that her refusal to testify was a public offense covered by the juvenile code, over which the juvenile court had exclusive jurisdiction. In an original proceeding, held, order of prohibition denied. The purpose of a direct contempt citation is to compel obedience to, and respect for, the court and not to punish for a public offense; consequently, because contempt is only quasi-criminal …
Conflict Of Laws - Custody Decrees - Jurisdiction To Modify And Effect In Sister States, Donald R. Jolliffe S.Ed.
Conflict Of Laws - Custody Decrees - Jurisdiction To Modify And Effect In Sister States, Donald R. Jolliffe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Husband and wife were divorced in Wisconsin in 1956 by a judgment which awarded alimony, custody of the children, and support money to W. The custody decree provided that W be permitted to remove the children to California but that they be allowed to visit H each summer. While H was visiting California in October 1957, he was served in an action commenced by W seeking absolute custody. H returned to Wisconsin and on November 5 asked the Wisconsin court to modify its divorce judgment by awarding custody of the children to him. That court set a hearing and …
Torts - Recent Legislation - Parental Liability Statutes, Joseph T. De Nicola, William J. Wise, Robert C. Casad S.Ed.
Torts - Recent Legislation - Parental Liability Statutes, Joseph T. De Nicola, William J. Wise, Robert C. Casad S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Fourteen states now have statutes imposing vicarious liability upon parents for tortious acts of their children. These statutes, with one exception, all have been enacted within the past six years, and they present the most significant attempt to date by legislatures to control the incidence and remedy the effects of juvenile vandalism. The parental liability laws vary with respect to the ages of the children covered, and they place different pecuniary limits on the extent of the parent's liability. Coverage may extend to personal injuries as well as to property damage. All except the Louisiana statute, however, apply only to …
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Constitutional Validity Of Curfew Ordinance, John A. Ziegler S.Ed.
Municipal Corporations - Police Power - Constitutional Validity Of Curfew Ordinance, John A. Ziegler S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Appellant-petitioner was charged with a violation of a city ordinance making it a misdemeanor to assist any minor under the age of seventeen to violate the curfew laws. The curfew ordinance prohibits minors under the age of seventeen from being in any public place between IO P.M. and 5 A.M. unless accompanied by parent or guardian, or unless the presence of the minor is connected with and required by some legitimate business, trade, profession or occupation in which the minor is engaged. Petitioner moved to dismiss the complaint at the preliminary hearing on the grounds that the ordinance was an …
Torts - Parent And Child-Doctrine Of Parental Immunity, Julian J. Linde S.Ed.
Torts - Parent And Child-Doctrine Of Parental Immunity, Julian J. Linde S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a minor, sustained injuries in a collision which occurred while he was riding in a car owned and driven by defendant, his father. The complaint alleged that defendant was guilty of willful and wanton misconduct, consisting of speeding on a wet road on a foggy night and of running a stop light. A motion to dismiss on the ground that the suit was contrary to public policy was sustained. On appeal, held, reversed. The doctrine of parental immunity is inapplicable to cases of willful and wanton misconduct. Nudd v Matsoukas, (III. 1956) 131 N.E. (2d) 525.
Torts - Parent - Child Action By Child For Indirect Interference With Family Relationship, William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Torts - Parent - Child Action By Child For Indirect Interference With Family Relationship, William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Five minor children sued for the loss of their mother's support, care and affection which resulted from the defendant's negligent injury of the mother in an auto accident. Defendant moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. Held, motion denied. A minor child has a cause of action for damages resulting from an indirect, negligent interference with his rights in the family relationship. Scruggs v. Meredith, (D.C. Hawaii 1955) 134 F. Supp. 86.8.
Constitutional Law - Right To Counsel In Juvenile Court, John A. Ziegler Jr.
Constitutional Law - Right To Counsel In Juvenile Court, John A. Ziegler Jr.
Michigan Law Review
In April 1953 petitioner was found to have violated a law by the juvenile court. Being under the age of eighteen, he was committed to the National Training School for Boys of the District 0£ Columbia. He was paroled about a year later but was re-arrested in March 1955 for violation of his parole and brought before the United States Parole Board. Before the parole board could take action he petitioned the federal district court for a writ of habeas corpus on the ground that the action of the juvenile court in 1953 had been unconstitutional in that petitioner had …
Securities - Inter Vivos Gifts To Minors, Stephen C. Bransdorfer S.Ed.
Securities - Inter Vivos Gifts To Minors, Stephen C. Bransdorfer S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A statute recently enacted in twelve states and expected to be considered by seven other states this year, authorizes a new method for making gifts of securities to minors and for administering such gifts. The statute provides: (1) that irrevocable gifts of securities may be made to minors by use of statutory registration or deed of gift forms; (2) for the creation of a new type of fiduciary termed a custodian; (3) that the custodian shall have powers and duties over the minor's securities including authority to manage, sell, reinvest the proceeds from the sale and administer the securities for …
Descent And Distribution - Intestate Succession From An Adopted Child - Who Aim His "Brothers And Sisters", Jack G. Armstrong
Descent And Distribution - Intestate Succession From An Adopted Child - Who Aim His "Brothers And Sisters", Jack G. Armstrong
Michigan Law Review
Decedent had never married and was predeceased by his natural and adopted parents. The California statute provided that in such a case his property would go to his brothers and sisters. Appellant, the natural daughter of decedent's adopted parents, contended that she was his sole heir under this statute, while respondent, decedent's natural brother, argued that the term ''brothers and sisters" meant blood relatives. The superior court applied the common meaning of the words brothers and sisters and held that appellant was not such a person. On appeal, held, reversed. Since the entire pattern of the California code indicates …
Negligence - Res Ipsa Loquitur - Application To Multiple Defendants In The Alternative, Edward H. Hoenicke
Negligence - Res Ipsa Loquitur - Application To Multiple Defendants In The Alternative, Edward H. Hoenicke
Michigan Law Review
Appellant, a minor, was injured by the explosion of an "aerial bomb" which he found on a county fair ground. Two of the defendants admitted having brought aerial bombs to the fair but each entered evidence which if believed would show that he had not left the article which injured the appellant. These two defendants were completely independent of each other and it was admitted that both could not be responsible for the injury to the child. The lower court instructed the jury that if they could not determine which of the two defendants was actionably negligent, they were compelled …
Negligence - Breach Of Duty - Standard Of Care Required Of Infant Defendants, Dale Van Winkle
Negligence - Breach Of Duty - Standard Of Care Required Of Infant Defendants, Dale Van Winkle
Michigan Law Review
One of the defendants, a child four years and eight months of age, while playing with infant plaintiff, threw a stone which struck a bottle near where plaintiff was standing. A chip of glass Hew from the bottle into the eye of plaintiff, resulting in injury. The action was brought by infant plaintiff's father individually and as guardian ad litem against infant defendant's father individually and as guardian ad litem. The trial court denied infant defendant's motion for summary judgment. On appeal, held, reversed and remanded with directions to dismiss the complaint as to infant defendant. The authorities do …
Evidence - Statutory Rape - Right Of Accused To Compulsory Blood Test Of Prosecutrix And Child, Edward Pastucha S.Ed.
Evidence - Statutory Rape - Right Of Accused To Compulsory Blood Test Of Prosecutrix And Child, Edward Pastucha S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant was convicted of statutory rape on the strength of complaining witness' uncorroborated testimony. Testimony of the prosecutrix was to the effect that she had had sexual relations with defendant only once, that she had become pregnant and had given birth to a child prior to the trial, and that she had had sexual relations with no other men. Defendant moved for an order requiring that blood tests be taken of the child and the mother. The motion was denied. On appeal, held, affirmed. Assuming power, absent statute, to compel the taking of blood-grouping tests, the trial court did …
Kahn: A Court For Children. A Study Of The New York City Children's Court., Maxine Virtue
Kahn: A Court For Children. A Study Of The New York City Children's Court., Maxine Virtue
Michigan Law Review
A Review of A COURT FOR CHILDREN. A Study of the New York City Children's Court. By Alfred J. Kahn.
Virtue: Basic Structure Of Children's Services In Michigan, Stephen H. Clink
Virtue: Basic Structure Of Children's Services In Michigan, Stephen H. Clink
Michigan Law Review
A Review of BASIC STRUCTURE OF CHILDREN'S SERVICES IN MICHIGAN. By Maxine Boord Virtue.
Advancements: Iii, Harold I. Elbert
Advancements: Iii, Harold I. Elbert
Michigan Law Review
Many states have statutes which provide that support, maintenance and education of a child will not be considered an advancement unless the parent intended it as such. The Kentucky statute is typical and it reads in part as follows: " . . . the maintaining or educating or the giving of money, to a child or grandchild without any view to a portion or settlement in life, shall not be deemed an advancement." Most states do not have statutes of that type but by judicial decision reach a result that is in accord with the statutory provision just quoted.
Torts - Infant's Liability For Battery - Parent's Liability For Child's, Richard S. Weinstein
Torts - Infant's Liability For Battery - Parent's Liability For Child's, Richard S. Weinstein
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a baby sitter, suffered injuries when she was pushed violently to the floor by her four-year-old charge. Plaintiff brought an action against the child alleging battery and negligence, and against the parents alleging negligence in failing to warn plaintiff of the boy's habit of violently attacking people. The lower court sustained demurrers to all three counts. On appeal, held, reversed on the first and third counts. An infant may be charged with battery, and a parent may be negligent in failing to warn of an infant's violent tendencies. Ellis v. D'Angelo, 116 Cal. App. (2d) 310, 253 …
Torts - Child's Right To Recover For Alienation Of Parent's Affection, Marvin O. Young S.Ed.
Torts - Child's Right To Recover For Alienation Of Parent's Affection, Marvin O. Young S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's parents were divorced in 1934 when plaintiff was five years old. Custody of plaintiff was awarded to her mother, but plaintiff alleged that she received "usual paternal love, affection, maintenance, and support" from her father until 1941, when plaintiff's father took defendant as his mistress, keeping her until his death in 1952. Plaintiff brought this action for damages on the theory that defendant alienated the affections of her father, thereby depriving plaintiff of fatherly affection, guidance and support. Defendant's demurrer was overruled by the trial court. On appeal, held, reversed. In the absence of a statute, a child …
Negligence-Liability For Negligence Of Minor Driver Imputed To Person Signing M:Rnor's Application For Driver's License, George D. Miller, Jr.
Negligence-Liability For Negligence Of Minor Driver Imputed To Person Signing M:Rnor's Application For Driver's License, George D. Miller, Jr.
Michigan Law Review
A father signed his daughter's application for a driver's license in accordance with the terms of a Utah statute, which required that the application for a minor's driver's license be signed by the parent or guardian, and imputed liability for the minor's negligence or wilful misconduct to the person signing the application. Before the daughter reached her majority (i.e., eighteenth birthday), the following events took place: (1) her mother was given sole custody of her in a divorce action; (2) she married; and (3) she negligently drove her car against the plaintiff, who brought suit against the daughter, her husband, …
Sanders: Juvenile Courts In North Carolina, Michigan Law Review
Sanders: Juvenile Courts In North Carolina, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of JUVENILE COURTS IN NORTH CAROLINA By Wiley B. Sanders.
Infants - Minority As A Defense To Rescission For Fraud, Raymond H. Rapaport
Infants - Minority As A Defense To Rescission For Fraud, Raymond H. Rapaport
Michigan Law Review
Two defendants, one of whom was a minor, sold a business to the plaintiff. The plaintiff, in seeking to rescind the contract on the ground that it was induced by fraud, obtained a decree declaring the contract cancelled, and judgment was entered against the defendants for the sums they had received from the plaintiff. The minor defendant filed a petition to vacate the judgment as to him because during the trial no guardian ad litem had been appointed to represent him. Held, defendant is entitled to a new trial only if he could have made a good defense, and …
Criminal Law And Procedure - Extradition Of A Juvenile Delinquent, Felicia I. Hmiel
Criminal Law And Procedure - Extradition Of A Juvenile Delinquent, Felicia I. Hmiel
Michigan Law Review
The state of Georgia, by an acting justice of peace of a county, charged a thirteen-year-old boy with the crime of assault with intent to murder. Under the Georgia Criminal Code the offense was punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary for a term of two to ten years. The boy was found in the state of New York, whereupon the governor of Georgia sent a requisition for extradition to the governor of New York. The boy defendant brought a habeas corpus proceeding in a New York court to obtain release from custody under the extradition warrant. Held, the defendant …
Expatriation Of American Minors, Lester B. Orfield
Expatriation Of American Minors, Lester B. Orfield
Michigan Law Review
The United States Supreme Court in May, 1939, handed down a vitally significant decision on the expatriation of American minors. Prior to that date, one was forced to deduce the law from conflicting decisions of the lower federal courts and of state courts, rulings by the departments of state, labor, and justice, and views of writers. This, therefore, seems an appropriate time at which to discuss the problems which have been raised and the solutions which have been offered.
Report On The Child Offender In The Federal System Of Justice, Fred R. Johnson
Report On The Child Offender In The Federal System Of Justice, Fred R. Johnson
Michigan Law Review
The Report concerning child offenders in the federal system of justice is a joint report for the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement and the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. The study on which the report is based was conducted by Dr. Miriam van Waters, for many years the referee of the Juvenile Court of Los Angeles. Her choice to direct this study is to be commended. Not only was she in intimate contact with children who were offenders in California, but her experience in varied capacities has made her familiar with juvenile delinquency and its …