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Articles 241 - 265 of 265
Full-Text Articles in Juvenile Law
Members Only: The Need For Reform In U.S. Intercountry Adoption Policy, Colin Joseph Troy
Members Only: The Need For Reform In U.S. Intercountry Adoption Policy, Colin Joseph Troy
Seattle University Law Review
In the last five years, Americans have adopted nearly seventy thousand children from foreign countries. The trend of intercountry adoption, “the process by which a married couple or single individual of one country adopts a child from another country,” is representative of the new globalized world, where families are formed and dissolved beyond the bounds of national borders. Although intercountry adoption has enabled many adoptive parents to form loving families and provide caring living environments for countless children, intercountry adoption is not without its share of problems. Corruption and abuse, such as child trafficking, have in many cases marred the …
Preliminary Report On Race And Washington's Criminal Justice System, Task Force On Race And The Criminal Justice System
Preliminary Report On Race And Washington's Criminal Justice System, Task Force On Race And The Criminal Justice System
Seattle University Law Review
For this Report, the Research Working Group reviewed evidence on disproportionality in Washington’s criminal justice system and considered whether crime commission rates accounted for this disproportionality. We found that crime commission rates by race and ethnicity are largely unknown and perhaps unknowable, but that some researchers simply take arrest rates as good proxies for underlying commission rates for all crimes.We found that use of arrest rates likely overstates black crime commission rates for several reasons.68 But even if arrest rates are used as a proxy for underlying crime commission rates, the extent of racial disproportionality is not explained by commission …
Schooling Miranda: Policing Interrogation In The Twenty-First Century Schoolhouse, Paul Holland
Schooling Miranda: Policing Interrogation In The Twenty-First Century Schoolhouse, Paul Holland
Faculty Articles
This article directs courts to base their application of Miranda on an explicit and contextually sound consideration of the relationships among students, officers and administrators. This article argues that Miranda applies when a state agent questions a student under circumstances in which it would be reasonable for the student to believe that she is the subject of law enforcement authority, regardless of whether a law enforcement officer conducts the questioning. The determination that Miranda applies is not tantamount to a decision that the student was in custody. It is merely a prelude to the custody inquiry. This article does not …
Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai
Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai
Seattle Journal for Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Public Access To Juvenile Dependency Proceedings In Washington State: An Important Piece Of The Permanency Puzzle, Sara Vanmeter
Public Access To Juvenile Dependency Proceedings In Washington State: An Important Piece Of The Permanency Puzzle, Sara Vanmeter
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment argues that the Washington State legislature took an important step along the road to permanency for abused and neglected children in the state's care when it revised its Juvenile Court Act in 2003. This Act created the presumption that dependency proceedings are open to the public unless a judge determines that excluding the public is in the best interest of the child. This change in Washington state law represents one piece of the puzzle of reforms necessary to reach permanency goals for children in our child welfare system. Those states whose juvenile dependency hearings remainclosed should now consider …
Depriving Washington State's Incarcerated Youth Of An Education: The Debilitating Effects Of Tunstall V. Bergeson, Jamie Polito Johnston
Depriving Washington State's Incarcerated Youth Of An Education: The Debilitating Effects Of Tunstall V. Bergeson, Jamie Polito Johnston
Seattle University Law Review
The analysis begins in Section II with a general overview and summary of Tunstall v. Bergeson. Section III presents a brief legislative background of the statute at issue in Tunstall, Education Programs for Juvenile Inmates, RCW section 28A.193. Section IV discusses Tunstall's misinterpretation of these statutory provisions, demonstrating the Education Programs for Juvenile Inmates' disregard of the paramount duty to provide education to youth under twenty-one pursuant to the Basic Education Act and violation of the Washington Constitution, as discussed in Section V. Next, Section VI argues that because the right to education is a fundamental right under state law, …
The Indecency Of Unsolicited Sexually Explicit Email: A Comment On The Protection Of Free Speech V. The Protection Of Children, Monique Redford
The Indecency Of Unsolicited Sexually Explicit Email: A Comment On The Protection Of Free Speech V. The Protection Of Children, Monique Redford
Seattle University Law Review
Because the state of Washington has a compelling interest in protecting the moral and psychological welfare of its children, the current spam law should be amended to also proscribe the transmission of unsolicited sexually explicit commercial email within its borders. This article argues that such an amendment would not violate either the dormant Commerce Clause or the First Amendment. In support of this thesis, section II first addresses the pervasive problem of children-not just adults-receiving sexually explicit material via unsolicited email. Then, sections III through V discuss the implications of the dormant Commerce Clause, the First Amendment, and the policy …
Murder By Child Abuse—Who's Responsible After State V. Jackson? , Christine A. Martin
Murder By Child Abuse—Who's Responsible After State V. Jackson? , Christine A. Martin
Seattle University Law Review
Currently, under Washington law, a passive parent is not legally responsible for the death of his or her child from abuse. State v. Jackson is a horrific illustration of the gaps in Washington's law regarding the issue of who is responsible for the death of a child by abuse. Because passive parents should be held responsible for the death of their child from abuse, and because Washington's current laws are inadequate, Washington's legislature should create a special statute that would hold both abusive and passive parents culpable for the death of a child resulting from abuse.
The Denial Of A State Constitutional Right To Bail In Juvenile Proceedings: The Need For Reassessment In Washington State, Kathleen A. Baldi
The Denial Of A State Constitutional Right To Bail In Juvenile Proceedings: The Need For Reassessment In Washington State, Kathleen A. Baldi
Seattle University Law Review
Article I, section 20 of the Washington Constitution states that "[a]ll persons charged with crimes shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident, or the presumption great." Despite seemingly unequivocal language that this constitutional provision is applicable to "all persons," the Washington Supreme Court, in Estes v. Hopp, declared that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to bail. The Estes court engaged in little constitutional analysis, but instead, reasoned that juvenile proceedings are civil in nature and that article 1, section 20 applies only in criminal proceedings. Central to the Estes …
Washington's Becca Bill: The Costs Of Empowering Parents, Alison G. Ivey
Washington's Becca Bill: The Costs Of Empowering Parents, Alison G. Ivey
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment gives a practical overview of the Becca Bill and its provisions and addresses the potentially dangerous ramifications of the bill. Part II of this Comment gives a brief history of the trends in juvenile justice in this country, establishing a context for what led to the Becca Bill's passage. Part III of this Comment gives a brief history of Washington's statutes dealing with status offenders. This section then outlines the key portions of the Becca Bill, focusing primarily on the “lockup” provision and new petitions available to parents in order to obtain court intervention into the lives of …
Juvenile Detention Law In The District Of Columbia: A Practitioner’S Guide, Paul Holland, John Copacino, Milton Lee
Juvenile Detention Law In The District Of Columbia: A Practitioner’S Guide, Paul Holland, John Copacino, Milton Lee
Faculty Articles
On each and every day of the year (excluding Sundays), children are presented for an initial hearing in the Family Division, Juvenile Branch of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Because of unusually broad and often misapplied preventive detention laws, children charged with property offenses such as theft, or status offenses such as truancy and ungovernability, are subject to detention for an indefinite period of time through summary procedures which do not adequately ensure the reliability of the detention decision. Because the detention of juveniles has become routine in superior court, its potential harm to the child is …
Whatever Happened To The Right To Treatment: The Modern Quest For An Historical Promise, Paul Holland, Wallace Mlyniec
Whatever Happened To The Right To Treatment: The Modern Quest For An Historical Promise, Paul Holland, Wallace Mlyniec
Faculty Articles
Since the creation of the first juvenile court in 1899, state training schools have been the primary place of confinement for children removed from their homes. In theory such places were supposed to be home-like and rehabilitative in their facilities and care. In reality they were usually impersonal, understaffed, unhealthy, and even dangerous institutions, devoid of rehabilitative programs. From the late 1960s to the early 1980s, advocates for children pursued legislative and other policy reforms. They argued that children in state institutions had both a statutory and constitutional right to treatment. In this context, the authors of this article reassess …
When The Bough Breaks: Federal And Washington State Indian Child Welfare Law And Its Application, Kim Laree Schnuelle
When The Bough Breaks: Federal And Washington State Indian Child Welfare Law And Its Application, Kim Laree Schnuelle
Seattle University Law Review
Although removal of any child from his or her family is traumatic, too frequently Indian child removal has been performed with little prior investigation and with an absence of cultural sensitivity. The resulting inequalities in Indian child foster placement and adoption rates led to a recognition of the need for Indian child welfare reform, both on a federal and state level. This Article provides an overview of Indian child welfare issues and addresses both the evolution and nature of Indian child welfare reform. Initially, this Article discusses the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, including the cultural history behind the Act, …
Juvenile Justice In Washington: A Punitive System In Need Of Rehabilitation, Jeffrey K. Day
Juvenile Justice In Washington: A Punitive System In Need Of Rehabilitation, Jeffrey K. Day
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment argues that the juvenile justice system should be retained in theory, but that Washington’s punitive approach has failed and should be restructured to embrace a system that focuses more on the needs of the offender than on the results of the offense. This Comment advocates for the punitive system to be replaced by laws that once again make rehabilitation a primary goal, but that also provide juveniles with the procedural safeguards necessary to ensure survival in the system. This Comment proposes a significant restructuring of the current system as a means of achieving that goal.
Where The Reason Stops: Babcock V. State Establishes An Unjustified Immunity For Foster-Care Placement, Christine A. Mccabe
Where The Reason Stops: Babcock V. State Establishes An Unjustified Immunity For Foster-Care Placement, Christine A. Mccabe
Seattle University Law Review
This Note will argue that the Babcock court's application of this immunity fails to serve the traditional goals of judicial immunity and undermines the factors that should protect dependent children. This argument will develop by first considering the development of judicial immunity and the significance of the concept of functional comparability. The Note will then begin the discussion of the Babcock case with an explanation of the nature of a dependency proceeding and the duties performed by a caseworker during initiation of a dependency proceeding and during placement in foster-care. The Note will then consider the caseworker's actions in the …
Re-Imagining Childhood And Reconstructing The Legal Order: The Case For Abolishing The Juvenile Court, Janet Ainsworth
Re-Imagining Childhood And Reconstructing The Legal Order: The Case For Abolishing The Juvenile Court, Janet Ainsworth
Faculty Articles
Although the institution of the juvenile court developed rather recently in our legal system, it is now quite firmly established: every American state and nearly every industrialized nation has a juvenile court system in place. The juvenile court is not without its critics, however. In this Article, Professor Janet Ainsworth recommends its complete abolition. Professor Ainsworth contends that society's current view of the nature of adolescence no longer comports with the turn-of-the century view that originally informed the development of an autonomous juvenile court, thus undermining the ideological legitimacy of a separate court system for juveniles. In addition, Professor Ainsworth …
Balancing The Right To Confrontation And The Need To Protect Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Are Statutes Authorizing Televised Testimony Serving Their Purpose?, Kimberley Seals Bressler
Balancing The Right To Confrontation And The Need To Protect Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Are Statutes Authorizing Televised Testimony Serving Their Purpose?, Kimberley Seals Bressler
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment begins by providing a brief outline of the procedures regulating the use of televised testimony. Next, against the larger backdrop of the history of the right to confrontation, Part III addresses the treatment of televised testimony as hearsay. This section presents a recent Maryland decision as an illustration of the undesirable analogy of televised testimony to hearsay that leads to a more difficult admission standard. Part III concludes with the argument that televised testimony is the functional equivalent of in-court testimony, and thus, a hearsay analysis is inappropriate. Part IV of this Comment presents a recent Supreme Court …
The Court-Ordered Predisposition Evaluation Under Washington's Juvenile Justice Act: A Violation Of The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination?—Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40, Judith H. Ramseyer
The Court-Ordered Predisposition Evaluation Under Washington's Juvenile Justice Act: A Violation Of The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination?—Wash. Rev. Code § 13.40, Judith H. Ramseyer
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment analyzes the significance of the principles animating the constitutional privilege against self-incrimination by first looking at the purposes of Washington’s Juvenile Justice Act; second, by examining the status of the privilege against self-incrimination during sentencing; and third, by applying the values protected by the privilege to the use of predisposition psychological evaluations in Washington juvenile courts.
Public Policy Over Metaphysics: Wrongful Birth And Wrongful Life In Harbeson V. Parke-Davis, Inc., Eric B. Schmidt
Public Policy Over Metaphysics: Wrongful Birth And Wrongful Life In Harbeson V. Parke-Davis, Inc., Eric B. Schmidt
Seattle University Law Review
The recognition of the wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action by the Washington State Supreme Court is supported by both policy rationales and legal theories. Wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action receive support from traditional tort principles and, more important, further public policy by deterring negligent genetic counseling and negligent preconception medical treatment. This Note describes the legal history of these claims and analyzes several issues not addressed by the Washington court. In addition, this Note criticizes a more recent decision by the court, which limits wrongful conception causes of action, because that decision conflicts with …
Confronting Child Victims Of Sex Abuse: The Unconstitutionality Of The Sexual Abuse Hearsay Exception, Katrin E. Frank
Confronting Child Victims Of Sex Abuse: The Unconstitutionality Of The Sexual Abuse Hearsay Exception, Katrin E. Frank
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment first analyzes Washington’s hearsay exception Act in the light of the principles that form the basis for the hearsay rule and its exceptions. It then examines the effect of the Act on the preexisting hearsay rules. Next, it compares the concept of unavailability as used in the hearsay exceptions with the concept of incompetence; both concepts are then analyzed according to the requirements of the hearsay rules and the confrontation clause. The Comment concludes that the Act is unconstitutional because it permits admission of hearsay of testimonially incompetent children.
Wrongful Death Of The Fetus: Viability Is Not A Viable Distinction, Sheryl Anne Symonds
Wrongful Death Of The Fetus: Viability Is Not A Viable Distinction, Sheryl Anne Symonds
Seattle University Law Review
This Comment reviews the history of tort law treatment of the fetus who is wrongfully injured or killed. The Comment discusses case history and wrongful death statutes, with a focus on Washington law. Finally, the Comment concludes that courts should ignore viability when deciding cases of fetal wrongful death.
The State's Interest In Adoption And Washington's Sealed Records Statute, Eileen M. Lawrence
The State's Interest In Adoption And Washington's Sealed Records Statute, Eileen M. Lawrence
Seattle University Law Review
After discussing the legal effect of the adoption decree and the purpose of Washington's adoption statute, this comment will analyze the competing interests of the adoptee, the biological parents, the adoptive parents, and the state. This article will also discuss the legislative proposal in Washington attempting to abolish the good cause requirement. Finally, this article concludes the sealed records requirement is constitutionally sound and despite the need for further legislative articulation, the good cause balancing approach is the most suitable method for protecting the conflicting rights and interests inherent in the adoption process.
Parent-Child Privilege: Constitutional Right Or Specious Analogy?, Donald Cofer
Parent-Child Privilege: Constitutional Right Or Specious Analogy?, Donald Cofer
Seattle University Law Review
To avoid reaching incorrect verdicts as a result of insufficient evidence, courts generally require witnesses to testify to all relevant facts within their knowledge. Two important exceptions to this general rule, incompetency and privilege, rest on very different rationales. Developed at common law to exclude unreliable evidence, rules of competency disqualify certain untrustworthy witnesses from testifying. To promote extrinsic public policies, however, privileges excuse competent witnesses from providing what may be highly probative and reliable evidence. In the past decade there have been calls for legislative or judicial recognition of a parent-child privilege, similar to the marital privilege, that would …
Washington's Juvenile Status Offense Laws, Thomas Neville
Washington's Juvenile Status Offense Laws, Thomas Neville
Seattle University Law Review
This comment discusses the history and characteristics of traditional status offense laws, demonstrates why the laws are a poor response to juvenile misbehavior, and examines proposals to improve them. In subsequently analyzing the new Washington laws that emphasize voluntary social services for rebellious children and their families, this comment concludes that the legislature, though implementing some of these proposals, failed to apply a consistently progressive approach to its new legislation. Inadequate protection for some children and inequitable application of provisions in the new laws may result. Finally, this comment suggests ways to improve the Washington legislation.
Lay Advocacy And "Legal Services To Youth": Summaries On The Use Of Para-Legal Aides, Henry Mcgee
Lay Advocacy And "Legal Services To Youth": Summaries On The Use Of Para-Legal Aides, Henry Mcgee
Faculty Articles
This article discusses the incredibly effective use of legal assistants in the project implemented to assist poor urban youth with legal issues—Legal Services to Youth sponsored by the University of Chicago Law School's Center for Studies in Criminal Justice, under a Ford Foundation grant, was directed to a specialized consumer group, boys under 17 and girls under 18, the jurisdictional age ceiling in the Cook County, Illinois Juvenile Court. Legal assistants were recruited in the area served, and an attempt was made to locate persons who were by background and experience likely to be sympathetic to youth "in trouble." The …