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Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 62, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Ana Cienfuegos-Silvera
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 62, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Ana Cienfuegos-Silvera
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Contents
Creating “Buy-in” for Juvenile Restorative Justice Programs: Lessons from Nebraska’s Community Mediation Centers, Kristen M. Blankley, Lisa M. PytlikZillig, and Ashley M. Votruba
Consensus and Conflict Over Context: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2024-25 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Elena Schultz
In the Shadow of Trauma: Opportunities and Obstacles of Restorative Justice with Young People Who Offend, William R. Wood
Restorative Transitional Justice: The Judicial Role in Colombia’s Peace Tribunal, Gabriel Rojas-Andrade
Editor’s Note: Restorative Justoce: Repairing Harm, Rebuilding Community, Eve Brank
Thoughts from Canada: Restorative Justice Through Prohibition on Arrest, Wayne K. Gorman …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Page
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Page
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Contents
We Need Cvility Now More Than Ever, Benes Z. Aldana
Bias of Work-Related Psychological Claims, Melissa Lin Jones
An AI Primer for Judges, Joseph Regalia
Editor’s Note
President’s Column, Vincent L. Johnson
Thoughts from Canada: The Supreme Court of Canada Considers the Application of the Common Law “Exigent Circumstances” Doctrine to the Warrantless Searches of Electronic Devices, Wayne K. Gorman
Crossword: Four 38-acrosses, Victor Fleming
Court Review Author Submission Guidelines
The Resource Page
What Judges Can Do about Implicit Bias: Evidence-based Recommendations and Practices, Jerry Kang
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Jane Manning
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page, Jane Manning
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Contents
Understanding GenAI What Courts Should Know, AI Rapid Response Team of the National Center for State Courts
Large Language Models, Newer, More Powerful Large Reasoning Models, and the Courts, Pablo Arredondo and Javed Qadrud-Din
Any Sufficiently Transparent Magic... Damien Patrick Williams
Principles and Practices for Using AI, Thomson Reuters Institute/National Center for State Courts
Evidentiary Issues Raised by Artificial Intelligence, Thomson Reuters Institute/National Center for State Courts
Bench Card: Acknowledged AI-Generated Evidence, Thomson Reuters Institute/National Center for State Courts
Bench Card: Evaluating Unacknowledged AI-Generated Evidence, Thomson Reuters Institute/National Center for State Courts
Want to Know More About AI? ABA …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 3 & 4, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 61, No. 3 & 4, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, Reba Ann Page
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Contents
Civil Cases in the Supreme Court’s October Term 2024, Thomas M. Fisher
Consensus and Conflict Over Context: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2024-25 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Elena Schultz
Yes, There’s a Public Trust Crisis but Your Daily Efforts Can Reverse It, Emily LaGratta and Tom R. Tyler
Was That Wrong? Spontaneity’s Role in Judicial Discipline Allegations, John W. Valente, Shawn C. Marsh, and Tahliah Ling
Correction: Large Language Models, Newer, More Powerful Large Reasoning Models, and the Courts
Editors' Note, Reba Ann Page and David J. Dreyer
Thoughts from Canada: The Supreme …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Anniversary Year Brings a Look at Our Past, Court Review Editors
The Case of Standing Bear: 15 Years After Court Review Publication, Joe Starita
The Case of Standing Bear: Establishing Personhood under the Law, Joe Starita
Perceptions and Experiences with Judicial Security Threats: A Survey of U.S. State Court Judges, Christine M. McDermott, Evan Murphy, Patrick Grimes and John Muffler
Civil Cases in the Supreme Court’s October Term 2023, Thomas M. Fisher
Editor’s Note, David J. Dreyer
President’s Column, Catherine Carlson
His Majesty the King v. Kruk: Stereotypical Reasoning and the Death in Canada of the “Rule Against Ungrounded …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Anniversary Year Brings a Look at Our Past, Court Review Editors
Judicial Independence, John Owens
Remarks on Judicial Independence by Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Anniversary Reprint), John Owens
So You’re Going to Be a Judge, Cynthia Gray
Religion’s Role in Judicial Decision-Making: an Update (Anniversary Reprint), Tiffany M. Williams, Alaina L. Warrior, Logan A. Yelderman, Monica K. Miller, and Brian H. Bornstein
Does A Judge’s Religion Influence Decision Making? Brian H. Bornstein and Monica K. Miller
How to Make Better Decisions, John F. Edwards
Editor’s Note, David Prince
President’s Column, Catherine Carlson
The Law of Sniffer-Dog Searches in Canada [Thoughts from …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Anniversary Year Brings a Look at Our Past Court Review by the Editors
The Advent of Procedural Fairness: Introduction to The American Judges Association 65th Anniversary Dedication Reprint by David Dreyer
American Judges Association 65th Anniversary Dedication Reprint: Procedural Fairness: A Key Ingredient in Public Satisfaction by Kevin Burke and Steve Leben
Authors Q&A by David Dreyer interviewing Kevin Burke and Steve Leben
What’s In a Name?: Reinventing “Special Masters” as “Court- Appointed Neutrals” by Merril Hirsch
Editor’s Note by David Dreyer
President’s Column by Catherine Carlson
Thoughts from Canada: The Continued Demise, but not Death of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 60, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David J. Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Wrapping Up Our Anniversary Series and Seeking the Courage to Learn, David Prince
What Do the Findings from NCSC’s Six Public Opinion Surveys Mean for Judges? David B. Rottman
Observations from NCSC’s State of the State Courts Public Opinion Surveys, Jesse Rutledge
Fiction with Potential Repercussions: An Update on the CSI Effect, Melissa Corbett and Veronica Stinson
Fact or Fiction? The Myth and Reality of the CSI Effect, Stephen M. Smith, Veronica Stinson, and Marc W. Patry
A Fractured Supreme Court: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2023-24 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Jordan Schuler
Editor’s …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Articles
Being “Human” in the Age of Artificial Intelligence; Katherine B. Forrest
Ten Tips for Getting the Most Out of an Evaluation of Your ODR Program; Donna Shestowsky and Jennifer Shack
The Dilemma of Black Coding: Assessing Algorithmic Discrimination Legislation in the United States; Clarence Okoh
Securing the Integrity of Our Judicial System: Protecting Judges Beyond the Courthouse; Ron Zayas
Want to Know More About AI? Editors’ Selections: Judge ChatBot Answers All Your Questions; David J. Dreyer
Departments
Editor’s Note; David Dreyer
President’s Column: 2023--The Year of Excellence! Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Crossword: Anonymous Oft-Quoted Remark; Vic Fleming
Thoughts from Canada: …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Articles
Judicial Discipline, Examining Ethics Oversight for the Highest Levels of Our Least Accountable Branch; David Prince
Civil Cases in the Supreme Court’s October Term 2022; Thomas M. Fisher
Departments
Editor’s Note; David Dreyer
President’s Column: A Legacy of Leadership and Service; Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Thoughts from Canada: Uttering Threats in Canada and the United States, a Comparative Analysis; Wayne K. Gorman
Crossword: Name That Games; Tracy Bennett and Vic Fleming
The Resource Page: Junk Science and the Judicial System; The Elevator Effect; Mindfulness and Judging: Resources for Judges; New Online Database: Judges and the Judiciary: Exploring America's Court System; …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Articles
The Role of the Judge in Establishing a VTC, Mishkat Al Moumin, Judge Gayle Williams-Byers, and Amber Menchio
Prospective Jurors’ Attitudes Toward Voir Dire, Wendy P. Heath and Bruce D. Grannemann
Constitutional Losses and (Some) Statutory Wins for Criminal Defendants: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2022-23 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Mark Rucci
Departments
Editor’s Note, David Prince
President’s Column: The American Judges Association--Making Better Judges Since 1959, and Continuing to Lead the Way! Catherine Carlson
Thoughts from Canada: Publication Bans--The Supreme Court of Canada Considers Their Impact Upon the Conflict between the Open …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 59, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Articles
Judicial Strategies for Evaluating the Validity of Guilty Pleas; Kelsey S. Henderson, Erika N. Fountain, Allison D. Redlich, and Jason A. Cantone
Courtroom Technology from the Judge’s Perspective: A 2022-23 Update; Fredric I. Lederer
The Science of Children’s Lies (and their Detection): A Primer for Justice Practitioners; Vincent Denault and Victoria Talwar
Jury Trial Innovation Round #2; Judge Gregory E. Mize
Departments
Editor’s Note; David Prince
President’s Column:2023, the Year of Excellence! Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Thoughts from Canada: The Supreme Court of Canada Considers How the “Plain View” Doctrine Applies to Searches of Electronic Devices; Wayne K. Gorman
Crossword:Employment …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Civil Cases in the Supreme Court’s October Term 2021; Thomas M. Fisher
Threats to Impartiality in Capital Jury Selection: Addressing Dead-Serious Falsifications; Richard Rogers, Eric Y. Drogin, and Sara E. Hartigan
Science-Based Recommendations for the Collection of Eyewitness Identification Evidence; Margaret Bull Kovera, Jacqueline Katzman, Jennifer M. Jones, and Melanie B. Fessinger
Editor’s Note; David J. Dreyer
President’s Column; Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Crossword; Vic Fleming
Thoughts from Canada: Assessing Credibility: The Impact of a Motive to Lie and the Embellishment of Evidence -- the Canadian Approach; Wayne K. Gorman
The Resource Page: Democracy's Last Line of Defense: A …
Twenty-Five Years Of The Adoption And Safe Families Act, Eve M. Brank
Twenty-Five Years Of The Adoption And Safe Families Act, Eve M. Brank
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
The year 2022 marks the 25th anniversary of President Clinton signing into law the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). Enacted in November of 1997, ASFA was a bipartisan federal law intended to address concerns with the foster care and adoption systems. With fiscal incentives attached, states quickly adopted complementary ASFA legislation.
At its core, ASFA changed the primary objective from family reunification to the child’s health and safety. In doing so, ASFA sought to decrease the amount of time a child spent without a permanent home by limiting how long a child could spend in foster care. Referred to …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 1, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
The Road to a Federal Family Court; Jane M. Spinak
The Role of Information Sharing to Improve Case Management in Child Welfare; Sarah J. Beal, Paul DeMott, Rich Bowlen, and Mary V. Greiner
Timely Permanency for Children in Foster Care: Revisiting Core Assumptions about Children’s Options and Outcomes; Sarah A. Font and Lindsey Palmer
The Deportation of America’s Adoptees; DeLeith Duke Gossett
Editor’s Note; Eve Brank
President’s Column; Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Crossword; Vic Fleming
Thoughts from Canada: The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on the Sentencing of “Black Offenders” in Canada: What Is the Correct Approach?; Wayne K. Gorman
The Resource …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 2, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
The Military Divorce: An Overview; Joseph A. DeWoskin, Mark E. Sullivan and Dan Wiley
The American Psychological Association’s Guidelines for Child Custody Evaluations in Family Law Proceedings: Implications for the Courts; Helen T. Brantley, Eric Y. Drogin, and Jemour A. Maddux
Uncovering the Secrets of Statistics as Evidence in Business Valuations; Christopher C. Melcher
Judicial Accommodation of Pro Se Parties; Michael Roundy
Editor’s Note; David M. Johnson
President’s Column; Yvette Mansfield Alexander
Canon Conversations; Access, Flexibility, and Practice; Cynthia Gray
Crossword; Vic Fleming
Thoughts from Canada: Strip Searches in Canada and the Constitutional Right to be Free from Unreasonable …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 58, No. 4, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Interview
Stresses of the Job in Modern Times: Coaching Resilience in Judges, Peer-to-Peer, an Interview with Jan Bouch; David Prince
Articles
Prosecutorial Misconduct: Assessment of Perspectives from the Bench, Saul M. Kassin, Stephanie A. Cardenas, Vanessa Meterko, and Faith Barksdale
Limiting Access to Remedies: Select Criminal Law and Procedure Cases from the Supreme Court’s 2021-22 Term, Eve Brensike Primus and Justin Hill
You Can Change Judging and Justice, Thomas R. French
The Online Courtroom: Leveraging Remote Technology in Litigation American Bar Association, Tort, Trial, and Insurance Practice Section, J. Gary Hastings
Departments
Editor’s Note, Eve Brank, David Dreyer, and David …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 2
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 2
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 1
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 1
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 4
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 4
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
What Judges Can Do About Implicit Bias: Evidence-Based Recommendations And Practices, Jerry Kang
What Judges Can Do About Implicit Bias: Evidence-Based Recommendations And Practices, Jerry Kang
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Deflate (your ego) and embrace fallibility
De-bias (with short-term "spot cleaning" and log-term interactions)
Defend (against the bias that persists)
Data (to create early warning systems)
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 3
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 57, No. 3
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 3-4
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 3-4
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 2
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 2
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 1
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 56, No. 1
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 55, No. 3
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 55, No. 3
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Court Review, the quarterly journal of the American Judges Association, invites the submission of unsolicited, original articles, essays, and book reviews. Court Review seeks to provide practical, useful information to the working judges of the United States and Canada. In each issue, we hope to provide information that will be of use to judges in their everyday work, whether in highlighting new procedures or methods of trial, court, or case management, providing substantive information regarding an area of law likely to be encountered by many judges, or by providing background information (such as psychology or other social science research) that …
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 55, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal Of The American Judges Association, Vol. 55, No. 3, Eve M. Brank, David Dreyer, David Prince
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Civil Cases in the Supreme Court’s October 2018 Term by Todd E. Pettys
Do Judges’ Instructions about Eyewitnesses Really Work?: A 2019 Update by Christine M. McDermott and Monica K. Miller
Elected v. Appointed: Who Wins? Judicial Selection — Book Review/Q&A by David J. Dreyer
Editor’s Note
President’s Column
Crossword
Thoughts from Canada
The Resource Page
Court Review: Volume 45, Issue 1/2 – Cover
Court Review: Volume 45, Issue 1/2 – Cover
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
No abstract provided.
Court Review: Volume 45, Issue 1/2 – Complete Issue
Court Review: Volume 45, Issue 1/2 – Complete Issue
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Table of Contents:
The Case of Standing Bear: Establishing Personhood under the Law by Joe Starita
Sovereign Comity: Factors Recognizing Tribal Court Criminal Convictions in State and Federal Courts by Matthew L.M. Fletcher
Wisconsin’s Experience in Allocating Jurisdiction between State and Tribal Courts by Beth Ermatinger Hanan and William H. Levit, Jr.
Beyond Minimum Standards: Federal Requirements and State Interpretations of the Indian Child Welfare Act by Kathryn E. Fort
American Indian Law Research for State Courts by Nancy Carol Carter
Assumptions Regarding Indians and Judicial Humility: Thoughts from a Property-Law Lens by Ezra Rosser
From Conflict to Cooperation: State …
Court Review: Volume 41, Issue 3-4 - The Resource Page: Focus On Judicial Campaign-Conduct Rules
Court Review: Volume 41, Issue 3-4 - The Resource Page: Focus On Judicial Campaign-Conduct Rules
Court Review: Journal of the American Judges Association
Editor’s Note: There are about 8,500 state general-jurisdiction trial-court judges in the United States; of those, 77% stand for some sort of contestable election and 87% stand for some form of election. There are about 1,250 state appellate judges in the United States; of those, 53% stand for some sort of contestable election and 87% stand for some form of election. (See Court Review, Summer 2004, at 21.) In addition, there are thousands of additional, limited-jurisdiction judges also subject to election. Thus, the rules governing election-campaign conduct by judges are of great significance. In 2002, in Republican Party of Minnesota …