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Articles 151 - 180 of 682
Full-Text Articles in Jurisdiction
Customs Court Jurisdiction In International Trade Cases, Jonathan S. Brenner
Customs Court Jurisdiction In International Trade Cases, Jonathan S. Brenner
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This article discusses the specific problems involved in Customs Court jurisdiction. After outlining in Part I these jurisdictional problems and the court's failure to deal with them, the article, in Part II, proposes an analytic framework that focusses attention on the relevant criteria for ascertaining Customs Court jurisdiction. This framework is built upon the exclusivity of Customs Court jurisdiction and exhaustion of the administrative review process. The distinct rights of importers and manufacturers are also discussed and the special problem of cases which do not meet the procedural prerequisites for Customs Court jurisdiction are explored. Finally, Part III of this …
Jurisdictional Conflicts Over Counterclaims Against The United States, David G. Swenson
Jurisdictional Conflicts Over Counterclaims Against The United States, David G. Swenson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This article first discusses the different approaches that courts have used in determining district court jurisdiction over counterclaims and the differing limits that are imposed upon the size of the counterclaim. Second, it examines the relationship between the Court of Claims and the district courts in cases where the defendant cannot counterclaim for full relief in a district court. The article concludes with several legislative proposals that could lessen the uncertainty and lack of uniformity among the courts currently facing a defendant who wants to counterclaim against the government.
Adjudication Of Federal Causes Of Action In State Court, Martin H. Redish, John E. Muench
Adjudication Of Federal Causes Of Action In State Court, Martin H. Redish, John E. Muench
Michigan Law Review
The first section of this article considers the power of state courts to hear federal cases. Since it is now well established that state courts have the constitutional power to adjudicate federal causes of action if Congress so desires, the significant questions concern the method by which the judiciary is to decipher congressional intent. Although the courts have no difficulty where Congress has explicitly addressed the issue of state court jurisdiction, problems do arise in situations where Congress has remained silent on the question. The first section critically examines the traditional criteria employed by the courts for determining congressional intent …
Admiralty Procedure And Jurisdiction After The 1966 Unification, David W. Robertson
Admiralty Procedure And Jurisdiction After The 1966 Unification, David W. Robertson
Michigan Law Review
From the nation's beginning, the federal district courts have been vested with jurisdiction in cases "of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction." Like its predecessor statute, section 1333 of the present Judicial Code asserts that the jurisdiction is "exclusive of the courts of the states," but the infamous "saving clause" goes on to negate that exclusivity in the bulk of maritime cases by giving the plaintiff the option of maintaining his action in any other court having jurisdiction over it. In "saving clause" cases--that is, cases that could have been brought in federal court under the admiralty jurisdiction, but which were maintained, …
Citizen Access To Judicial Review Of Administrative Action In A Transnational And Federal Context, Eric Stein, Joseph Vining
Citizen Access To Judicial Review Of Administrative Action In A Transnational And Federal Context, Eric Stein, Joseph Vining
Articles
In an international legal order dominated by states, the individual citizen is generally viewed as lacking international legal personality. It is true with little exception that an individual cannot appear in an international forum, political or judicial, to press his rights. Despite the dramatically increased emphasis upon international protection of basic human rights, individuals have been given access to international dispute-settlement machinery in only a few isolated instances within the United Nations system, and on a regional level pursuant to the European Convention on Human Rights. The Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the Rome …
Henry V. Mississippi And The Adequate State Ground: Proposals For A Revised Doctrine, Terrance Sandalow
Henry V. Mississippi And The Adequate State Ground: Proposals For A Revised Doctrine, Terrance Sandalow
Book Chapters
More than a century ago, the then former Justice Curtis reminded the Bar that "questions of jurisdiction were questions of power as between the United States and the several States." Accordingly, any expansion of the jurisdiction of federal courts is an occasion for alarm for those to whom the slogan of "state's rights" is a substitute for analysis. Justice Curtis was aware, however, that Scylla and Charybdis were both to be avoided. Failure to extend the jurisdiction of federal courts to appropriate cases may be as great a disservice to the federal system as an undue expansion of that jurisdiction. …
State Law Of Patent Exploitation, Edward H. Cooper
State Law Of Patent Exploitation, Edward H. Cooper
Articles
The main purpose of the present inquiry is to determine whether second thoughts support or undermine the instinctive supposition that the doctrines surrounding cooperative use of patents should be federal. The original creator of a patented invention is seldom in a position to exploit its commercial potential alone; even if the invention is created by the employee of a vast enterprise, it is almost inevitable that the patent will be assigned to his employer. Patent licensing plays a vitally important role in the development of many inventions. The contract doctrines surrounding such transactions, and various other consensual undertakings relating to …
Federal Jurisdiction--Protective Jurisdiction And Adoption As Alternative Techniques For Conferring Jurisdiction On Federal Courts In Consumer Class Actions, Michigan Law Review
Federal Jurisdiction--Protective Jurisdiction And Adoption As Alternative Techniques For Conferring Jurisdiction On Federal Courts In Consumer Class Actions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
"Consumer protection" has come of age. The heightened appreciation of the consumer's plight has not been matched, however, by an equal commitment to providing effective programs for vindicating his cause. As a practical matter the consumer may be unable to assert his rights. Suits to enforce consumer rights are costly and are not likely to be brought when each individual claim is counted only in the tens of dollars.
Long-Arm And Quasi In Rem Jurisdiction And The Fundamental Test Of Fairness, Michigan Law Review
Long-Arm And Quasi In Rem Jurisdiction And The Fundamental Test Of Fairness, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This Comment is focused upon the errors that may result from the confusion surrounding the question of jurisdictional limitations. It is suggested that such confusion is the natural result of the prevailing concern of courts with the extreme limits of permissible jurisdiction, and that this confusion has so clouded the basic issues that erroneous results have been reached in more routine cases that do not even approach those limits-the "easy" cases. Cases decided in the past few years indicate that these erroneous results occur most often in three areas. Following a brief examination of the body of law and theory …
Military Law--Military Jurisdiction Over Crimes Committed By Military Personnel Outside The United States: The Effect Of O'Callahan V. Parker, Michigan Law Review
Military Law--Military Jurisdiction Over Crimes Committed By Military Personnel Outside The United States: The Effect Of O'Callahan V. Parker, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Until recently, it had generally been considered that the minimum condition necessary to justify the invocation of military jurisdiction was the offender's "status" as "a person who can be regarded as falling within the term 'land and naval forces.' " In O' Callahan v. Parker, however, the United States Supreme Court determined that while military status is still requisite to the attachment of military jurisdiction, it is not a sufficient basis in and of itself to warrant trial by a military tribunal. In a five to three decision authored by Justice Douglas, the Court held that in order for military …
Labor Law--Jurisdiction--Contractual Interpretation, Unfair Labor Practices, And Arbitration: A Proposed Resolution Of Jurisdictional Overlap, Michigan Law Review
Labor Law--Jurisdiction--Contractual Interpretation, Unfair Labor Practices, And Arbitration: A Proposed Resolution Of Jurisdictional Overlap, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
In San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon, the Supreme Court held that the state and federal courts must defer to the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board when an activity is arguably an unfair labor practice as defined by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). At the same time, section 301(a) of the Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA) provides that the courts have jurisdiction in actions alleging violations of collective agreements. Two distinct factual settings have emerged in which these jurisdictional propositions are at odds.
Comment On Powell V. Mccormack, Terrance Sandalow
Comment On Powell V. Mccormack, Terrance Sandalow
Articles
The rapid pace of constitutional change during the past decade has blunted our capacity for surprise at Supreme Court decisions. Nevertheless, Powell v. McCormack is a surprising decision. Avoidance of politically explosive controversies was not one of the most notable characteristics of the Warren Court. And yet, it is one thing for the Court to do battle with the Congress in the service of important practical ends or when the necessity of doing so is thrust upon it by the need to discharge its traditional responsibilities. It is quite another to tilt at windmills, especially at a time when the …
Swift To Erie/York, Hanna And Beyond: Proposed Solutions For A Major Problem Of Diversity Jurisdiction, E. Blythe Stason Jr.
Swift To Erie/York, Hanna And Beyond: Proposed Solutions For A Major Problem Of Diversity Jurisdiction, E. Blythe Stason Jr.
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
There are four purposes of this article: First, to expose more fully the nature and dimensions of the difficult problem of determining whether a particular rule is "substantive" or "procedural"; Second, to discuss the various judicial attempts to solve it; Third, to show the shortcomings of those attempts, as manifested in both established doctrine and current federal judicial opinions; and, Fourth, to propose some solutions. It should be made clear that we are involved here with a question of allocating power within our federal union. Diversity characterization functions as an unintended device allocating power between state …
The Nlrb And Arbitration: Is The Board's Expanding Jurisdiction Justified?, Richard I. Bloch
The Nlrb And Arbitration: Is The Board's Expanding Jurisdiction Justified?, Richard I. Bloch
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This article will view the functions of the arbitrator and the Labor Board, as well as the arguments for their respective jurisdictions. It will examine the history of the subject from Lincoln Mills through the most recent words on the subject. With a view of the history of the problem and an attempt to examine realistic solutions as well as pure legal logic, the attempt will be to demonstrate the glaring need today for more specifically enunciated standards on the part of the Board. The author shall propose certain aspects of the collective bargaining situation to which the Board must …
Jurisdiction--Libel--First Amendment's Role In Determining Place Of Trial In Libel Actions, Michigan Law Review
Jurisdiction--Libel--First Amendment's Role In Determining Place Of Trial In Libel Actions, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The seeming unfairness of basing jurisdiction solely on such ordinarily inconsequential acts as mailing a newspaper into another state has troubled some courts. Traditionally, the validity of such a jurisdictional basis would be judged against the fourteenth amendment standard of "fair play." In several recent cases, however, courts have brought to bear constitutional standards of free speech as well as of fairness in dealing with the problem of jurisdiction over the out-of- state defendant in a libel action. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, in deciding New York Times Co. v. Connor, ruled that "First Amendment considerations …
Substantive Interests And The Jurisdiction Of State Courts, Paul D. Carrington, James A. Martin
Substantive Interests And The Jurisdiction Of State Courts, Paul D. Carrington, James A. Martin
Michigan Law Review
Pennoyer indeed is dead. The primitive ritual of service of process could not survive as a general solution to the problem of state power over individuals. Committed as we are to the idea that the judicial power should be exercised in a manner that is responsive to the common welfare, we could not suffer the limits of power to be determined irrationally by the random success of process servers. Offering only the virtues of simplicity and economy, the ritualistic method had to yield in order to make the judicial power a sharper and more effective tool with which to pursue …
Jurisdiction--Foreign Patents--Jurisdiction Over Foreign Patent Claims, Michigan Law Review
Jurisdiction--Foreign Patents--Jurisdiction Over Foreign Patent Claims, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The territorial limitations of sovereignty have been held to preclude a country from giving extraterritorial effect to its patent laws, and, therefore, a patent confers rights which are protected only within the boundaries of the issuing country. Thus, United States and foreign patents, even when granted for the same invention, create separate and distinct rights which may differ in scope and effect in the respective countries. Concomitantly, courts have also held that a foreign patent confers upon its owner no rights or protection with respect to acts done in the United States.
Federal Jurisdiction--Pendent Claims--Doctrine Of Pendent Jurisdiction Applies To Claim Of Second Plaintiff--Wilson V. American Chain & Cable Co.; Newman V. Freeman, Michigan Law Review
Federal Jurisdiction--Pendent Claims--Doctrine Of Pendent Jurisdiction Applies To Claim Of Second Plaintiff--Wilson V. American Chain & Cable Co.; Newman V. Freeman, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
In Wilson v. American Chain & Cable Co., plaintiff, whose son was injured by a defective lawnmower, brought a diversity action in federal district court on behalf of his son against the manufacturer, alleging damages in excess of the $10,000 jurisdictional minimum. Simultaneously, plaintiff sought recovery in his own name for medical bills and the expense of orthopedic shoes resulting from the injury. Because the latter claim was for less than $10,000, it was dismissed by the district court for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. On appeal to the Third Circuit, held, inter alia, the claim of the …
Contempt-Conduct Tending To Defeat The Effect Of Appeal Pending In Federal Circuit Court Held To Be Civil Contempt Even Though Not A Resistance To A Formal Court Order- Griffin V. County School Board, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Appellants applied for an injunction in a federal district court in Virginia to prevent the Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors from paying out tuition grants to parents whose children attended private segregated schools. The district court refused to issue the injunction, and the appellants appealed. They asked to have their appeal accelerated, but, since the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit was not then in session, the Chief Judge requested the Clerk of Court to ask the Board of Supervisors to stipulate that no tuition grants would be paid pending the appeal. The Board refused to make the …
The "Heart Cases" In Workmen's Compensation: An Analysis And Suggested Solution, Arthur Larson
The "Heart Cases" In Workmen's Compensation: An Analysis And Suggested Solution, Arthur Larson
Michigan Law Review
It is one of the great tragedies of the workmen's compensation story that almost all courts, in their perfectly justifiable search for a legal barrier that would keep compensation heart liability from getting out of hand, have seized upon the wrong component in the coverage formula. The words "by accident" or their equivalent were pressed into service for this task, ·and they have proved to be a most ill-fitting tool for this function. If the courts had followed the more logical course of testing these cases by the causal principle prescribed by the words "arising out of the employment," there …
Contempt-Injunctions-Federal Civil Contempt Decree Orders Deputy Sheriff To Resign From Office-Lance V. Plummer, Michigan Law Review
Contempt-Injunctions-Federal Civil Contempt Decree Orders Deputy Sheriff To Resign From Office-Lance V. Plummer, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
During the summer of 1964, a federal district judge issued an injunction prohibiting various St. Augustine, Florida organizations and other persons with notice of the injunction from harassing or intimidating Negroes who were seeking motel or restaurant accommodations. Appellant Lance, an unpaid volunteer deputy sheriff, was not a member of any of the enjoined organizations, but he had actual notice of the order. Nonetheless, six days after the injunction was issued, he engaged in activities designed to intimidate a Negro citizen. In a subsequent civil contempt action arising from these activities, the federal district judge, asserting jurisdiction over him because …
Conflict Of Laws-Public Policy Used To Apply Forum Law To Joint Bank Accounts Of Foreign-Domiciliaries Wyatt V. Fulrath, Michigan Law Review
Conflict Of Laws-Public Policy Used To Apply Forum Law To Joint Bank Accounts Of Foreign-Domiciliaries Wyatt V. Fulrath, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Duke and Duchess of Arion, nationals and domiciliaries of Spain, neither of whom had ever been to New York, deposited community property consisting of cash and securities in several New York banks. In establishing these accounts, the Duke and Duchess either expressly agreed in writing that the New York law of survivorship would apply to their accounts or signed standard bank survivorship forms which incorporated the survivorship laws of that state. After her husband's death, the Duchess made the entire amount on deposit in New York subject to her will. Following the Duchess' death and during probate of her …
The Longshoremen's And Harbor Workers' Compensation Act Of 1927: Half-Way Protection For The Stevedore And The Longshoreman, Robert E. Gilbert
The Longshoremen's And Harbor Workers' Compensation Act Of 1927: Half-Way Protection For The Stevedore And The Longshoreman, Robert E. Gilbert
Michigan Law Review
The law relating to longshoremen's remedies abounds with surprising anomalies, hyper-technical distinctions, and bits and pieces of judicial legislation. This situation stems largely from deficiencies in the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act of 1927, an inherently inadequate statute greatly distorted by recent judicial interpretation. This Comment undertakes an examination of the act's most salient shortcomings with a view to suggesting possible guidelines for what is believed to be necessary corrective legislation.
Determination Of Federal Jurisdictional Amount In Suits On Unliquidated Claims, Michigan Law Review
Determination Of Federal Jurisdictional Amount In Suits On Unliquidated Claims, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Hoping to keep federal court dockets free of petty claims and thereby to reduce the delay in bringing to trial controversies involving more substantial sums, Congress has given United States district courts jurisdiction of many civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States and most disputes between parties of diverse citizenship only when the alleged right forming the basis of a claimant's cause of action can be valued at more than ten thousand dollars. The value of a particular claim is determined by reference to those portions of its proponent's pleading which tend to support …
Extraterritorial Application Of Penal Legislation, B. J. George Jr.
Extraterritorial Application Of Penal Legislation, B. J. George Jr.
Michigan Law Review
One of the most difficult words in the legal lexicon to delineate is the term "jurisdiction"; it is equally difficult to relate this term to the concept of "venue." The term "jurisdiction" is constantly invoked by courts in a variety of contexts, some relating to geography, some to governmental and judicial structure, some to legislative or judicial power, some to persons, and some to procedures. Thus, it is difficult to discern a common thread of meaning or a consistent pattern of application from the cases in which the word appears.
The Maritime Boundaries Of The States, Avrum M. Gross
The Maritime Boundaries Of The States, Avrum M. Gross
Michigan Law Review
It has long been recognized that the boundaries of coastal states encompass certain adjoining maritime areas. The settled existence of those boundaries, however, stands in marked contrast to the confusion which has surrounded their location. The geographic extent of the waters to which state jurisdiction extends has remained largely undetermined.
The recent development of refined methods for extracting minerals from offshore areas has translated questions of state jurisdiction into issues of substantial economic significance. In this regard, an increasing number of disputes have arisen between the states and the federal government, primarily over rights to offshore oil deposits. The …
Ftc V. Jantzen: Blessing, Disaster, Or Tempest In A Teapot?, Thomas E. Kauper
Ftc V. Jantzen: Blessing, Disaster, Or Tempest In A Teapot?, Thomas E. Kauper
Michigan Law Review
The court concluded that the Finality Act, by repealing the existing provisions for judicial enforcement proceedings in the courts of appeals, deprived it of jurisdiction to act upon the FTC's petition. It also approved earlier decisions holding that the Finality Act procedures were not applicable to orders issued prior to the act's effective date. These two rulings, in combination, indicate that there is no enforcement machinery now applicable to orders issued under the Clayton Act prior to July 23, 1959.
The question remains, however, whether enforcement of the Clayton Act has really been hampered, and, if so, whether the pre- …
Service Of Process-Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure-Service Of Process In Italy On Alien Corporate Defendant Permitted In A Federal Antitrust Action-Hoffman Motors Corp. V. Alfa Romeo S.P.A.., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, an American automobile distributor, brought suit in a federal court in the Southern District of New York against Alfa Romeo S.p.A., an Italian corporation, for violation of the Robinson- Patman and Auto Dealers' Acts. Service of process was made personally on defendant's general manager in Italy by an Italian attorney appointed for that purpose by the district court, and by registered mail as prescribed by the New York statute for extraterritorial service. Defendant moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction as to the Robinson-Patman claim on the ground that section 12 of the Clayton Act limits the territorial …
Federal Registration Of Judgments Act Allows Execution Upon Foreign Judgment Although Suit On Judgment Is Time Barred In Registration State--Stanford V. Utley, Michigan Law Review
Federal Registration Of Judgments Act Allows Execution Upon Foreign Judgment Although Suit On Judgment Is Time Barred In Registration State--Stanford V. Utley, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Appellant obtained a money judgment against appellee in a Mississippi federal court and registered it the next day in a Missouri federal court, pursuant to section 1963 of Title 28 of the United States Code. Seven and one-half years later appellant gave notice in Missouri of his intention to take appellee's deposition to discover assets in that state with which to satisfy the judgment. Appellee's motion to prohibit the deposition was sustained on the ground that no execution could issue upon any assets uncovered, since under applicable Missouri law no action could be brought there on a Mississippi judgment more …
The Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act, Michigan Law Review
The Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
Many nations do not accord conclusive effect to foreign judgments unless their own judicial decrees are reciprocally enforced by the country rendering the judgment. The law in the United States is unsettled, with some states holding that foreign judgments are reviewable on the merits if the judgment forum similarly reviews the merits of American decrees, while others accord conclusive effect to valid foreign money judgments regardless of the effect accorded American decrees in the judgment forum. Judgments in the latter states would seem entitled to conclusive enforcement in countries requiring reciprocity. However, such conclusive recognition has been hindered because many …