International Trade Law Commons^™

Abductive Reasoning In Wto Law, Chios Carmody

Law Publications

Law is about many things, but at base it is about rights and obligations. That jural correlation is established and sustained by means of reasoning. We hold that an actor has a right or obligation by virtue of reasoning that classically occurs in one of two forms. An obligation creates a right by means of inductive logic that rests on the conviction of similar instances in the past and the need for proof. It can also create an obligation by means of deductive logic, that is, the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) that are used to …

Review Of The Development Of World Trade Organization Law, Chios Carmody

Law Publications

No abstract provided.

The Investment-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights, Peter K. Yu

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

2016 International Trade Law Decisions Of The Federal Circuit, Kevin J. Fandl

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The E—2 Treaty Investor Visa Dilemma: Violations Of Law And Limitations On Foreign Investment, Tiana J. Cherry

American University Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Manufacturing And Trafficking Of Narcotics: An Overview Of Global Laws, 50 J. Marshall L. Rev. 813 (2017), Waseem Ahmad Qureshi

UIC Law Review

This paper will focus mainly on the use, manufacturing, trafficking, and adverse effects of narcotic drugs. In addition, the major laws against the manufacturing, use, and trafficking of drugs will also be discussed, and the successes and hurdles in preventing the trafficking, use, and manufacturing of narcotic drugs will also be evaluated. Strictly curbing the manufacturing and trafficking of narcotic drugs can reduce the spread of this abhorrence in society.

Multinational Efforts To Limit Intellectual Property Income Shifting: The Oecd's Base Erosion And Profit Shifting (Beps) Project, Jeffrey A. Maine

Faculty Publications

Before 2017, there were two major international movements going on at the same time: (1) the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement; and (2) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD’s) Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project. The movements presented a unique opportunity to consider the intersection of a behemoth multinational trade agreement and ambitious multinational efforts to close international tax loopholes.

Although the TPP is essentially dead, as newly elected U.S. President Donald Trump unsigned the TPP as a matter of unilateral Executive power, the OECD’s BEPS Project is not. Indeed, many nations have been adopting BEPS Project proposals …

Taking The First Bite: Who Should Tax Apple's $187 Billion In Ireland, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, University Of Michigan Law School

Articles

On December 19, 2016, the European Commission (hereinafter “Commission”) published its final decision in the Apple State aid case. The Commission concluded that two tax rulings granted in 1991 and 2007 on the allocation of profits to the Irish branches of Apple Sales International (“ASI”) and Apple Operations Europe (“AOE”) amounted to illegal state aid, and ordered Ireland to immediately recover this aid from Apple. The key issue in the Apple decision is where Apple’s foreign income ($187 billion, as of 2016) should be regarded as being generated. In the authors’ opinion, there is almost no basis for any argument …

Us-Cool Retaliation: The Wto’S Article 22.6 Arbitration, Chad P. Bown, Rachel Brewster

Faculty Scholarship

This paper examines the World Trade Organization’s Article 22.6 arbitration report on the dispute over the United States’ country of origin labeling (US–COOL) regulation for meat products. At prior phases of the legal process, a WTO Panel and the Appellate Body had sided with Canada and Mexico by finding that the US regulation had negatively affected their exports of livestock – cattle and hogs – to the US market. The arbitrators authorized Canada and Mexico to retaliate by over $1 billion against US exports – the second largest authorized retaliation on record and only the twelfth WTO dispute to reach …

Saving The Political Consensus In Favor Of Free Trade, Timothy Meyer

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Local Liability In International Economic Law, Timothy Meyer

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Should The United States Withdraw Its Cisg Article 95 Declarations, Peter Winship

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

The American Trade Enforcement Effectiveness Act: A Weapon Of Steel, Audria K. Crain

Georgia Law Review

In the current U.S. political environment free trade
has become a polarized topic. Much of the American
public is concerned over job loss perceived to be caused
by free-trade. As a result, pressures have risen,
especially from the U.S. steel industry, to protect U.S.
industries from dumped goods. Trade remedy laws,
such as antidumping measures, are popular policies
utilized as countermeasures against "unfair trade"
practices. With bipartisansupport, the American Trade
Enforcement Effectiveness Act (ATEEA) was passed
and signed into law by President Obama on June 29,
2015 amending the Tariff Act of 1930. Specifically,
with regard to antidumping, it altered …

The Global Protection Of Traditional Knowledge: Searching For The Minimum Consensus, 17 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 42 (2017), Aman Gebru

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The protection of traditional knowledge (TK) – the know-how, skills, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities has been a subject of heated debate in many international forums. TK has proved to be useful as an input in modern industries. For instance, pharmaceutical companies have used medicinal TK to develop drugs more quickly. Despite its value, TK faces an alarming rate of loss and there are many initiatives that attempt to preserve it for posterity. However, almost every major issue on TK protection is contentious, including whether international TK protection is necessary or if domestic legislation alone would …

Digging Up The Dirt: China's Exploitation Of Transgenic Seed Approvals, Lucas A. Westerman

University of Colorado Law Review

In 2013, China rejected shipments of U.S. corn imports due to the presence of an unapproved transgenic trait, creating an international trade disruption that sent ripples throughout the U.S. agriculture industry and grain markets. Syngenta, the seed company that began selling the trait to U.S. farmers prior to receiving China's import approval, largely shouldered the blame. U.S. farmers held Syngenta singularly liable and initiated a class action in an attempt to force Syngenta to pay for the drop in grain prices due to the disruption. The highly publicized domestic legal dispute left China's opportunistic actions largely unnoticed. The time has …

Patents, Industrial Designs, And The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Articles 18.37–18.46 And 18.55–18.56, David O. Taylor, Aaron Pirouznia

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

This essay summarizes the articles of the Trans-Pacific Partnership dealing with patents and industrial designs, and compares and contrasts those articles with U.S. law and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

Trade Secrets, Safe Harbors, And International Trade, W. Keith Robinson

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed trade agreement that establishes terms for trade and business between the United States and eleven Pacific Rim nations. The United States has withdrawn from the TPP, but interest in the agreement remains because some of its provisions serve as a template for future international trade deals. This article focuses on the TPP provisions concerning trade secrets and Internet Service Provider (ISP) Safe Harbors. While both provisions mirror U.S. law, they do lack certain "safeguards." Commentators have observed that the absence of these safeguards unfairly favor the interests of large corporations and rights holders …

Copyright, Rights Management, And The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Best Practices, Cole Davis

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ip Enforcement Under The Tpp: Civil And Administrative Procedures And Remedies, Provisional Measures In Tpp (Articles 18.71–18.76), J. Janewa Osei-Tutu

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

No abstract provided.

Humanizing Intellectual Property: Moving Beyond The Natural Rights Property Focus, J. Janewa Osei-Tutu

Articles

This Article compares the natural rights property framework with the international human rights framework for intellectual property. These two frameworks share a common theoretical basis in the natural rights tradition but appear to lead to conflicting outcomes. Proponents of natural rights to intellectual property tend to support more expansive intellectual property protections. Yet, advocates of a human rights approach to intellectual property contend that human rights will have a moderating influence on intellectual property law. This Article is among the first scholarly works to explore the apparent conflict between these two important frameworks for intellectual property. It concludes that a …

The Next Generation Of U.S.-Africa Trade Instruments, Kathleen Claussen

Articles

No abstract provided.

You Say Embargo, I Say Bloqueo - A Policy Recommendation For Promoting Foreign Direct Investment And Safeguarding Human Rights In Cuba, Marcia Narine Weldon

Articles

The United States is the only major industrialized nation that restricts trade with Cuba. Although President Obama issued several executive orders that have facilitated limited trade (and President Trump has scaled some back), an embargo remains in place, and by law, Congress cannot lift it until, among other things, the Cuban government commits to democratization and human rights reform. Unfortunately, the Cuban and U.S. governments fundamentally disagree on the definition of "human rights, " and neither side has shown a willingness to compromise. Meanwhile, although some US. investors clamor to join their European and Canadian counterparts in expanding operations in …

Untangling The Market And The State, Wentong Zheng

UF Law Faculty Publications

The government plays increasingly active and diversified roles in the modern economy. How to draw the boundary between the market and the state has emerged as a contentious issue in various areas of law, including constitutional law, antitrust, and international trade. This Article surveys and critiques the law’s current approaches to the market-versus-state divide, embodied in four tests based on ownership, control, function, and role, respectively. This Article proposes an alternative market-versus-state test based on the nature of the power being exercised in the challenged action. This power-based test not only better distinguishes between the market and the state, but …

Exploring Cuba's New Role In The World Economy: Paths And Perils, Wentong Zheng

UF Law Faculty Publications

With the normalization of relations with the United States and other countries, Cuba is ushering in a new era with unprecedented opportunities in a globalized world. Participating in the world economy, however, is a risky proposition. It requires policymakers to carefully weigh the pros and cons of each development path and choose the one that best suits Cuba. It also requires policymakers to be prepared for the perils, both economic and legal, that may arise from Cuba's participation in the world economy. This Article explores Cuba's new role in the world economy and the perils that accompany this new role. …

President Trump, Trade Policy, And American Grand Strategy: From Common Advantage To Collective Carnage, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

As a candidate for president of the United States, Donald J. Trump promised to abandon longstanding U.S. approaches to trade and pursue strategies anchored in protectionism and nationalism. This article examines President Trump’s trade policy ideas and proposals and highlights the extent to which he intends to disrupt traditions of U.S. policymaking on trade. The article also analyzes whether domestic and international politics might shift the Trump administration away from a radical approach back towards trade policies that approximate how the United States has managed trade for decades. If such a shift does not occur, the Trump administration’s trade policy …

Submission On The Draft General Comment On “State Obligations Under The Icescr In The Context Of Business Activities”, Columbia Center On Sustainable Investment

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

In January 2017 CCSI made a submission to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, regarding its draft General Comment on “State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Context of Business Activities.” CCSI’s submission focused on: (1) host and home states’ obligations as they relate to international investment agreements (IIAs); (2) extraterritorial obligations in the context of outward investment; and (3) state obligations related to corruption issues.

In the submission, CCSI emphasized that states must ensure that existing treaties do not generate conflicts between obligations owed under IIAs and the Covenant (in …

Restoring Pre-Existing Compliance Through The Fcpa Pilot Program, Andrew B. Spalding

Law Faculty Publications

For a quarter-century, incentives to invest in corporate compliance programs have been a cornerstone of federal white-collar enforcement. But the U.S. Department of Justice's most recent announcement of anti-bribery enforcement policy-the FCPA Pilot Program-takes a peculiar and possibly inadvertent turn. In providing newly transparent and explicit penalty reductions, and rolling out the Department's declination policy, the program neglects to incentivize investments in pre-existing compliance. Though remedial, or postviolation, compliance receives a newly heightened importance, pre-existing compliance receives virtually no attention. This is strange, but should not be understood as a new policy change on the benefits of pre-existing compliance; no …

How South Korea's Improper Solicitation And Graft Act (Kim Young-Ran Act) Can Help Protect Us Trade Secrets, Lana Rask

Cybaris®

No abstract provided.

Cybersecurity In The Marine Transportation Sector: Protecting Intellectual Property To Keep Our Ports, Facilities, And Vessels Safe From Cyber Threats, Rachel Foote

Cybaris®

No abstract provided.

Our Oceans Need Sharks: A Comparative Analysis Of Shark And Turtle Conservation Law In Australia And The United States, Gabrielle Stiff Heim

Law Student Publications

The model used for turtle conservation and recovery would be an accurate model for conserving and recovering the endangered shark species, as well. As sharks are crucial to the marine environment, action needs to be taken in the form of policies that parallel those that protect turtles. Specifically, the models of protection for turtles in both Australia and the United States can serve as examples for shark conservation and recovery policies. As sharks are migratory species like turtles, international efforts and treaties are also crucial to providing boundaries and regulations for sharks in the global arena. The future of sharks …