International Trade Law Commons^™

Deepening Confidence In The Application Of Cisg To The Sales Agreements Between The United States And Japanese Companies, Yoshimochi Taniguchi

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

Parties to contracts between U.S. and Japanese companies usually agree to exclude the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (“CISG”) from the sales agreement due to concerns about how the CISG will be interpreted and/or incompatibility with U.S. or Japanese law or both. In this paper, the author will suggest that the more countries amend their laws in accordance with CISG standards and the more national courts develop a unified interpretation of the CISG, the more the CISG will represent harmonized law, and as such, contracting parties should not exclude it.

This …

Due Process For U.S. Permanent Residents: The Rights To Counsel, Sandra E. Bahamonde

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

In 1945, the U.S. Supreme Court held that deportation is a serious penalty that may result in the loss of "all that makes life worth living."' This statement is as true today as it was nearly seventy years ago.

The Compromised Cargo Container: Terror In A Box, Taylor Simpson-Wood

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Defining The Scope Of Indirect Expropriation For International Investments , Peter D. Isakoff

Global Business Law Review

At present, arbitral tribunals have applied a variety of standards to ascertain when indirect expropriation occurs. This article examines the complexities and ambiguities of current indirect expropriation standards and argues that a clear, uniform standard is needed to identify indirect expropriation. Ultimately, this article proposes that arbitral tribunals should only find that indirect expropriation occurs when (i) a state takes actions that substantially deprive the foreign investor of the profitability of its investment, and (ii) the state action was not reasonably predictable to the investor. Part I of this article provides a summary of the current state of expropriation doctrine. …

Shale Revolution Or Evolution: Opportunities And Challenges For Europe, Owen L. Anderson

Global Business Law Review

Will European shale gas be developed as rapidly as it has in the United States? If one considers that shale gas took about 30 years to develop from an experimental demonstration into a fast developing commercial enterprise, it should not take that long in Europe. Indeed, the United Kingdom, after lifting its moratorium on hydraulic fracturing, appears to be moving quite rapidly. Poland is actively promoting shale gas but so far without economic production. On the other hand, if one considers how rapidly shale gas has expanded in the United States since 2003 and how rapidly investment in shale gas …

The Cost Of Progress: Enduring The Tax Deductibility Of International Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives, Wayne C. Wood

Global Business Law Review

Until the end of the twentieth century, the predominant view in America was that a corporation’s sole duty was to supply wealth to its shareholders. The idea that a corporation owes a broader duty to all of its stakeholders has gained ground based largely on the emerging international recognition of human rights norms. Increasingly American MNCs have opted to voluntarily create and implement CSR policies for moral, economic, and political reasons. While charitable donations made to exempt organizations are expressly deductible under section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code, the same might not be true for a given CSR expenditure. …

Productions Chains And Workplace Law Violations: The Case Of Apple And Foxconn , Hilary K. Josephs

Global Business Law Review

For decades U.S. based multinational companies have outsourced production of goods to developing countries with low labor costs and weak implementation of protective legislation. The consumer electronics giant Apple is a prime example: it outsources virtually all of its manufacturing to companies such as Foxconn, a Taiwanese original equipment manufacturer, which employs over a million assembly line workers in China. In the last several years Foxconn's operations have been under scrutiny for violation of Chinese domestic employment law. This paper focuses on the problem of compulsory overtime, a violation of both Chinese law and international labor standards, and various measures …

Some Legal Impacts Of The Emerging International Climate Change Regime On Energy Prices, James E. Hickey Jr.

Global Business Law Review

From the beginning of scientific assessment of climate change in the late 1970’s to the most recent conference of the parties (COP) to the Kyoto Protocol in Doha in 2012 , the international community has been attempting to establish a workable legal regime to deal with climate change. The purpose of this article is to explore some of the legal effects this emerging international climate change regime may have on energy prices in the foreseeable future. Specifically, this article in section II article accepts certain predicates relating to climate change and energy prices. In section III, it lays out briefly …

Energy Subsidies And The World Trade Organization, Timothy Meyer

Faculty Scholarship

In recent months the World Trade Organization (WTO) has seen increasing conflict over the rules for government support of the energy sector. Government subsidies for particular forms of energy have long influenced producers’ investment choices and consumers’ consumption patterns in ways that affect both international trade and the environment. Trade and environmental lawyers have thus closely watched the WTO’s efforts to develop rules on government support for the energy sector. This Insight outlines recent activity in the WTO on subsidies for both traditional fossil fuels and the renewable energy sector. It also discusses the difficulties posed by the increased application …

The Impact Of Shale Development On International And Domestic Oil And Gas Contracts, Andrew R. Thomas

Global Business Law Review

In new oil and gas provinces, such as Ohio, Pennsylvania or Ukraine, learning oil and gas customs can be a hard lesson for those trying to break into the industry as service providers. They need to get up to speed quickly on customs, form agreements, and applicable laws. But unconventional oil and gas recovery will also lead eventually to unconventional agreements. In this regard, the nascent upstream service industry in new shale provinces are not so far behind - there is reason to be to be optimistic that oil and gas companies will be rethinking how they transact business as …

Discovery Without Limits? Obligation To Provide Discovery For Products Under Development At The International Trade Commission, Julia V. Svintsova

American University Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Kona Coffee Archetype: A Case Study In Domestic Geographic Indication, Jason Foscolo

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Zizhu Chuangxin And China’S Self-Driven Innovation: Calling For A Holistic Perspective, Ken Shao

Cardozo Law Review de•novo

To present a holistic view approachable by both Western and Chinese audience, this Article will first discuss the forces operating against a holistic view of China and explain exactly what it means to employ a holistic view. Then, by emphasizing the historical, international, and developmental contexts, the Article aims to introduce the reader to real examples of a holistic perspective, and in turn, to reframe the discourse around China’s self-driven innovation.

Africa-China Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Critique, Uche Ewelukwa Ofodile

Michigan Journal of International Law

The purpose of this Article is to draw attention to, raise questions about, and generate discussions regarding the emerging norms, legal context, and long-term development-implications of South-South foreign direct investment (“FDI”) and South-South bilateral investment treaties (“BIT”). This Article seeks to refocus the discourse about FDI and BITs on developing countries in their role as exporters of capital and in the context of the much-touted new geography of investment. Can South-South BITs play a positive role in promoting development in sub-Saharan Africa any more than the Africa-North BITs? Is China concluding development-focused BITs with countries in Africa? The Article identifies …

Comparing Apples And Oranges In Trademark Law: Challenging International And Constitutional Validity Of Plain Packaging Of Tobacco Products, 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 130 (2013), Sarah A. Hinchliffe

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Plain packaging, a new tobacco control tool being considered by a growing number of countries, mandates the removal of all attractive and promotional aspects of tobacco product packages. As a result of plain packaging, the only authorized feature remaining on a tobacco package is the brand name, displayed in a standardized font, size, color, and location on the package. At issue is the meaning of “use” of trademarks on plain packaging, and whether plain packaging amounts to the creation of an invalid encumbrance. The tobacco industry and other regulated sectors (including wine, fast-food, and pharmaceuticals) also believe that plain packaging …

Cisg As Basis Of A Comprehensive International Sales Law, Larry A. Dimatteo

UF Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

No Roses Without Thorns: Global Consumers Of Cut Flowers As Political Actors, Prabhakar Singh

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

International Trade And Investments In The Philippines: Some Policy Issues And Implications For Further Research, Angelo B. Taningco

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

The Philippines has embarked on domestic economic reforms and the promotion of regional economic integration and multilateral trade liberalization with the purpose of strengthening international trade and investment. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), in its Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016, has enunciated strategies that aim to improve the competitiveness of the domestic economy’s industrial and services sectors and narrow the country’s infrastructure gaps. In 2007, the Philippines, together with other Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) countries adopted the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint, with the countries agreeing to accelerate the transformation of the region to an AEC—a region …

Critical Legal Histories In Eu Law, Fernanda Nicola

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

INTRODUCTION: A workshop aiming to narrate the history of EU Law took place in November 2012 at a critical time for the very existence of the Union and its role as a global actor. On the one hand, the current financial crisis is weakening some of the foundations and values that, in the last sixty years, EU lawyers, judges, and scholars have relied on. On the other hand, the U.S. government is pursuing a Transatlantic Free Trade and Investment Agreement with the EU, aimed at creating a Western bloc to resist the rising Chinese power. The fascination of current EU …

Reflections On Us Policies Regarding Effective Regulation And Discipline And Foreign Lawyer Mobility: Has The Time Come To Talk About The Elephant In The Room, Laurel S. Terry

Faculty Scholarly Works

The ABA has adopted four model policies that address, in one way or another, the issue of foreign lawyer mobility. These policies are the ABA Model Foreign Legal Consultant Rule, which is commonly known as the FLC rule, the ABA Model Rule for Temporary Practice by Foreign Lawyers, which is commonly known as the FIFO rule, ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 5.5, which permits foreign lawyers to serve as in-house counsel, and the ABA Model Rule on Pro Hac Vice Admission. All four of the ABA’s foreign lawyer mobility recommendations include a requirement that the mobile foreign lawyer is …

Illuminating Corruption Pathways: Modifying The Fcpa's "Grease Payment" Exception To Galvanize Anti-Corruption Movements In Developing Nations, Ivan Perkins

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) should be modified to require companies to report "grease payments," small bribes intended to expedite routine government actions. This change aims to enhance transparency, align U.S. law with stricter international standards, and combat corruption more effectively. The proposal suggests that mandating disclosure of such payments to the Department of Justice (DOJ), which would then publish the information online, would help activists, journalists, and foreign governments identify and address corruption. While the article acknowledges potential challenges, such as companies circumventing reporting or facing reputational risks, it emphasizes the long-term benefits of …

Is There Blood On Your Hands-Free Device?: Examining Legislative Approaches To The Conflict Minerals Problem In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, Emily Veale

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which mandates SEC disclosures for conflict minerals, is insufficient to address the violence and governance issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It advocates for comprehensive legislation that ties U.S. foreign assistance to specific reforms in the DRC, such as military and governance improvements, to effectively combat the conflict minerals crisis. The SEC’s role in promoting social and foreign policy goals is critiqued, and the article proposes a tiered incentive system to encourage meaningful change in the DRC’s mining sector.

Wag The Dog: Using Incidental Intellectual Property Rights To Block Parallel Imports, Mary Lafrance

Scholarly Works

Federal law grants owners of intellectual property rights different degrees of control over parallel imports depending on the nature of their exclusive rights. While trademark owners enjoy strong control over unauthorized imports bearing their marks, their protection is less comprehensive than that granted to owners of copyrights and patents. To broaden their rights, some trademark owners have incorporated copyrighted material into their products or packaging, enabling them to block otherwise lawful imports in contravention of the policies underlying trademark law. A 2013 Supreme Court decision has significantly narrowed the importation ban of copyright law, but there may be pressure to …

Wag The Dog: Using Incidental Intellectual Property Rights To Block Parallel Imports, Mary Lafrance

Scholarly Works

Federal law grants owners of intellectual property rights different degrees of control over parallel imports depending on the nature of their exclusive rights. While trademark owners enjoy strong control over unauthorized imports bearing their marks, their protection is less comprehensive than that granted to owners of copyrights and patents. To broaden their rights, some trademark owners have incorporated copyrighted material into their products or packaging, enabling them to block otherwise lawful imports in contravention of the policies underlying trademark law. A 2013 Supreme Court decision has significantly narrowed the importation ban of copyright law, but there may be pressure to …

Bretton Woods 1.0: A Constructive Retrieval For Sustainable Finance, Robert C. Hockett

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Global trade imbalance and domestic financial fragility are intimately related. When a nation runs persistently massive current account deficits to maintain global liquidity as has the United States now for decades, its central bank effectively relinquishes exchange rate flexibility to become a de facto central bank to the world. That in turn prevents the bank from playing its essential credit-modulatory role at home, at least absent strict capital controls that are difficult to administer and have long been taboo. And this can in turn render credit-fueled asset price bubbles and busts all but impossible to prevent, irrespective of the nation's …

International Trade And Fdi Literature In The Philippines: Development And Prospects, Hazel C. Parcon-Santos

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Trade and investment policies in the Philippines have undergone major shifts through decades. These changes have had important implications on the economy and have been extensively investigated by various scholars. Significant areas which may have important policy implications remain unexplored.

Managing Global Supply Chains: Coca Cola And Sugar In Brazil, Caroline Bradley

Articles

No abstract provided.

Plain Packaging And The Interpretation Of The Trips Agreement, Susy Frankel, Daniel Gervais

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Plain packaging of cigarettes as a way of reducing tobacco consumption and its related health costs and effects raises a number of international trade law issues. The plain packaging measures adopted in Australia impose strict format requirements on word trademarks (such as Marlboro or Camel) and ban the use of figurative marks (colors, logos, etc.). As a result, questions have been raised as to plain packaging's compatibility with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement).

WTO members can validly take measures to protect and promote public health, but in doing so they …

220 Years Later And The Commonwealth Is Still Imposing Laws On The United States, Michael P. Geiger

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The United States has been combating the bribery of foreign officials for 35 years through the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Both domestic and international prosecutions for bribery remained almost nonexistent for decades. In recent years, the United States experienced an explosion of enforcement actions under the FCPA. Broad enforcement theories and increased prosecutorial effort have greatly expanded the scope of the FCPA. Moreover, the passage of the UK Bribery Act in 2010 has forced many U.S. organizations to face additional and conflicting antibribery regimes. Although the United States remains the world leader in prosecuting the bribery of foreign officials, …

Searching For Internet Freedom In China: A Case Study On Google's China Experience, Jyh-An Lee, Ching-Yi Liu, Weiping Li

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.