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Full-Text Articles in International Trade Law

Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai Nov 2005

Taking The Stand: The Lessons Of The Three Men Who Took The Japanese American Internment To Court, Lorraine K. Bannai

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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An Evaluation Of Current Legitimacy-Based Objections To Nafta's Chapter 11 Investment Dispute Resolution Process, Naveen Gurudevan May 2005

An Evaluation Of Current Legitimacy-Based Objections To Nafta's Chapter 11 Investment Dispute Resolution Process, Naveen Gurudevan

San Diego International Law Journal

The year 1994 saw the conclusion of a very important trilateral trade and investment treaty in North America: the North American Free Trade Agreement. Since then, this agreement has had a tremendous impact on the trading relations among the three signatory states-the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Of particular significance is Chapter 11, the Investment Chapter. One of the main objectives of Chapter 11 is to provide an effective means for the resolution of disputes between a foreign investor and the host government. To this end, it provides a mechanism whereby private parties can initiate arbitration proceedings against the host …

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Traceability And Labeling Of Genetically Modified Crops, Food, And Feed In The European Union, Margaret Rosso Grossman May 2005

Traceability And Labeling Of Genetically Modified Crops, Food, And Feed In The European Union, Margaret Rosso Grossman

Journal of Food Law & Policy

In the last several years, European Union (E.U.) policy has encouraged development of biotechnology, including genetically modified (GM) (that is, bioengineered) agricultural crops. The E.U. developed a strategy for life sciences and biotechnology, directed toward improving the competitiveness of the European biotechnology sector and the general situation for European biotechnology. E.U. documents have acknowledged the potential significance of genetically modified crops-for example, the conclusion in a recent report that "the potential of plant genomics and biotechnology to deliver major advances in our lifestyles and prosperity is enormous. [Biotechnology] can also maintain and enhance the competitiveness of E.U. farmers and food …

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Do European Union Non-Tariff Barriers Create Economic Nuisances In The United States?, Thomas P. Redick, Michael J. Adrian May 2005

Do European Union Non-Tariff Barriers Create Economic Nuisances In The United States?, Thomas P. Redick, Michael J. Adrian

Journal of Food Law & Policy

The European Union's new traceability system for biotech crops will lead to the proliferation of non-tariff barriers affecting biotech crops. This, in turn, will lead to economic dislocation and attendant liability in the United States, which is losing billions of dollars in export trade. A chain of complex legal problems will arise for United States-based companies as they strive to trace particular genetically modified (GM) events and avoid commingling. The European Union (E. U) tracing law for biotech crops applies at each stage of commodity commerce, from grain shippers leading back through elevators, growers, and seed companies. Warranty liability could …

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Revising Seed Purity Laws To Account For The Adventitious Presence Of Genetically Modified Varieties: A First Step Towards Coexistence, A. Bryan Endres May 2005

Revising Seed Purity Laws To Account For The Adventitious Presence Of Genetically Modified Varieties: A First Step Towards Coexistence, A. Bryan Endres

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Adoption of genetically modified (GM) seed varieties in the United States, Canada, and South America continues to expand, with GM crops comprising almost 76 million hectares and over 93 percent of the total biotech cropland worldwide. As an increasing number of farmers plant GM varieties, the potential for adventitious mixture of genetically modified DNA with products produced via organic and conventional (non-GM) methods also increases. Many consumers of organic and identity-preserved products, however, object to the adventitious presence of genetically modified DNA at even low levels. Accordingly, the ability of farmers to choose between conventional, organic, or GM crop production …

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The Promotion Of Free-Trade Areas Viewed In Terms Of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment And "Imperial Preference", Sydney M. Cone Iii Jan 2005

The Promotion Of Free-Trade Areas Viewed In Terms Of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment And "Imperial Preference", Sydney M. Cone Iii

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article will first examine the relevant WTO provisions that permit free-trade agreements as exceptions to MFN treatment. It will then situate current U.S. policy in the context of the history and purpose of those provisions. Next, the discussion of history and purpose will take up a key debate in the original GATT negotiations, in which the United States championed MFN treatment, while European countries, in particular, Great Britain, sought to retain preferential trading arrangements-arrangements once associated with the rubric of "imperial preference." Against this background, the article will explore the question of whether current U.S. policy represents a reversion …

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A Question Of Justice: The Wto, Africa, And Countermeasures For Breaches Of International Trade, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1153 (2005), Nsongurua J. Udombana Jan 2005

A Question Of Justice: The Wto, Africa, And Countermeasures For Breaches Of International Trade, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1153 (2005), Nsongurua J. Udombana

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Optrex And The Attorney-Client Privilege: Implications And Potential Significance, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1 (2005), Sandra Liss Friedman, Helena D. Sullivan Jan 2005

Optrex And The Attorney-Client Privilege: Implications And Potential Significance, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1 (2005), Sandra Liss Friedman, Helena D. Sullivan

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Remands In Trade Adjustment Assistance Cases, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 9 (2005), Munford Page Hall Ii Jan 2005

Remands In Trade Adjustment Assistance Cases, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 9 (2005), Munford Page Hall Ii

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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An Importer's Election: Whether To Invoke Attorney Advice In Defense Or To Preserve Privilege, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 17 (2005), Patricia M. Mccarthy Jan 2005

An Importer's Election: Whether To Invoke Attorney Advice In Defense Or To Preserve Privilege, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 17 (2005), Patricia M. Mccarthy

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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What Does Optrex Mean For The Customs Bar?, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 23 (2005), John B. Pellegrini Jan 2005

What Does Optrex Mean For The Customs Bar?, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 23 (2005), John B. Pellegrini

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Injunctions Against Liquidation In Trade Remedy Cases: A Petitioner's View, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 45 (2005), Jeffrey M. Telep Jan 2005

Injunctions Against Liquidation In Trade Remedy Cases: A Petitioner's View, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 45 (2005), Jeffrey M. Telep

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Balancing Judicial Economy, State Opportunism, And Due Process Concerns In The Wto, Ana Frischtak Jan 2005

Balancing Judicial Economy, State Opportunism, And Due Process Concerns In The Wto, Ana Frischtak

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note will focus on an aspect of the dispute settlement proceeding that has not been officially proposed for reform: the withdrawal of and amendments to measures being challenged by a complaining Member during the course of the proceedings. This aspect raises issues of judicial economy, state opportunism, and due process. In particular, this practice, where the respondent country to a dispute withdraws or amends the measure being challenged during the course of proceedings, threatens to undermine the legitimacy of the dispute settlement system as a fair and transparent adjudicating body.

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Juridical Substance Or Myth Over Balance-Of-Payment: Developing Countries And The Role Of The International Monetary Fund In The World Trade Organization, Ugochukwu Chima Ukpabi Jan 2005

Juridical Substance Or Myth Over Balance-Of-Payment: Developing Countries And The Role Of The International Monetary Fund In The World Trade Organization, Ugochukwu Chima Ukpabi

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Note attempts to chart the division of labor in respect of balance-of-payment between the Fund and the WTO. More importantly, it reflects on how the intertwined relationship between the Fund and the WTO over balance-of-payment might impact on developing countries in the unfolding architecture of trade.

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The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto's Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz Jan 2005

The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto's Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz

UF Law Faculty Publications

As far back as David Ricardo's shattering insight as to comparative advantage in 1817, agriculture has enjoyed special favor in trade. The unique place of farming was so well established by the time the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT") was negotiated that GATT's tight disciplines on government interference with free trade not only exempted government protections to growers, but in fact were drafted to be fully consistent with the agricultural policies of the major signatories. While it would be an exaggeration to argue that GATT' s first half century was without impact on agricultural benefits, the sector …

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Facing China: Taiwan’S Status As A Separate Customs Territory In The World Trade Organization, Pasha L. Hsieh Jan 2005

Facing China: Taiwan’S Status As A Separate Customs Territory In The World Trade Organization, Pasha L. Hsieh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

On Nov 11, 2001, in Doha, Qatar, the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) unanimously approved Taiwan's application for WTO membership, just 24 hours after approving China's admission. Taiwan's choice as the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, abbreviated as Chinese Taipei, in the WTO, instead of its official name, Republic of China (PRC), shows its reluctant compromise with political reality. The PRC's claim that accession procedures applying to Taiwan and Hong Kong should be identical erroneous because, under international trade law, the ROC is the automatic government acting on behalf of Taiwan and …

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Non-Violation Complaints: Wto Issues And Recent Free Trade Agreements, Locknie Hsu Jan 2005

Non-Violation Complaints: Wto Issues And Recent Free Trade Agreements, Locknie Hsu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in the last decade has resulted in an accompanying increase in dispute settlement regimes pertaining to those agreements. One obvious consequence is that increasingly, states are exposing themselves to such complaints, and not necessarily with the limitations that have been imposed on the at General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO). The inherent ambiguity surrounding non-violation complaints at the WTO, and other risks relating to such complaints, are being multiplied manifold by these FTAs. The non-violation concept appears to have originated even before the GATT came into being. Developing-country FTA …

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Lawyers, Gats, And The Wto Accountancy Disciplines: The History Of The Wto's Consultation, The Iba Gats Forum And The September 2003 Iba Resolutions, Laurel S. Terry Apr 2004

Lawyers, Gats, And The Wto Accountancy Disciplines: The History Of The Wto's Consultation, The Iba Gats Forum And The September 2003 Iba Resolutions, Laurel S. Terry

Faculty Scholarly Works

The article addresses issues related to legal services and the General Agreement on Trade in Services or GATS. The article begins by focusing on "Track #2" of the GATS and the obligation under GATS Article VI:4 to develop "any necessary disciplines." In 1998, WTO Members implemented GATS Article VI:4 by adopting "Disciplines" that apply to the accoutnancy sector. WTO Members currently are in the process of deciding whether to extend the WTO Accountancy Disciplines, S/L/64, to other service sectors, including legal services. In December 2002, the WTO sent the International Bar Association (IBA) and other non-governmental organizations a "consultation letter" …

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Labor And Finance As Inevitably Transnational: Globalization Demands A Sophisticated And Transnational Lens, Katherine V.W. Stone, Timothy A. Canova, Claire Moore Dickerson Mar 2004

Labor And Finance As Inevitably Transnational: Globalization Demands A Sophisticated And Transnational Lens, Katherine V.W. Stone, Timothy A. Canova, Claire Moore Dickerson

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Labor And Finance As Inevitably Transnational: Globalization Demands A Sophisticated And Transnational Lens, Timothy A. Canova, Claire Moore Dickerson, Katherine V.W. Stone Feb 2004

Labor And Finance As Inevitably Transnational: Globalization Demands A Sophisticated And Transnational Lens, Timothy A. Canova, Claire Moore Dickerson, Katherine V.W. Stone

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Bridging Fragmentation And Unity: International Law As A Universe Of Inter-Connected Islands, Joost Pauwelyn Jan 2004

Bridging Fragmentation And Unity: International Law As A Universe Of Inter-Connected Islands, Joost Pauwelyn

Michigan Journal of International Law

The fragmentation of the international legal system is not new. The consent-based nature of international law inevitably led to the creation of almost as many treaty regimes, composed of different constellations of states, as there are problems to be dealt with. Traditionally, these different regimes operated in virtual isolation from each other. Most importantly, the Bretton Woods institutions (World Bank, IMF, and GATT, now WTO) focused on the world's economic problems, while the UN institutions tackled the world's political problems. Both the IMF and World Bank articles of agreement, for example, explicitly state that political factors cannot be taken into …

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Facing The Challenge: Corruption State Capture And The Role Of Multinational Business, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1181 (2004), Nikolay A. Ouzounov Jan 2004

Facing The Challenge: Corruption State Capture And The Role Of Multinational Business, 37 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1181 (2004), Nikolay A. Ouzounov

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Global Antitrust Enforcement: The Sherman Act Does Not Apply Without Any Direct Domestic Effect, But Discovery Assistance May Be Available To Aid A Foreign Tribunal, According To The U.S. Supreme Court, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2004), Sue Ann Mota Jan 2004

Global Antitrust Enforcement: The Sherman Act Does Not Apply Without Any Direct Domestic Effect, But Discovery Assistance May Be Available To Aid A Foreign Tribunal, According To The U.S. Supreme Court, 38 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2004), Sue Ann Mota

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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China's Wto Accession: Economic, Legal, And Political Implications, 27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319 (2004), Karen H. Cross Jan 2004

China's Wto Accession: Economic, Legal, And Political Implications, 27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319 (2004), Karen H. Cross

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

This Article discusses the unparalleled economic, legal, and political change that has confronted China during WTO accession. The Article focuses on the relationship between China's unique WTO accession process and China's reform over the past two decades. The author suggests that WTO accession has acted as a lever for economic and legal reform by locking in reform and making it irrevocable. The Article begins with a historical background of China's long road to accession and the way that this process worked to further the previously instated economic reform program. Next, the Article analyzes the manner in which WTO accession has …

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Reply To Joshua Meltzer, Joost Pauwelyn Jan 2004

Reply To Joshua Meltzer, Joost Pauwelyn

Michigan Journal of International Law

A reply to Joshua Meltzer's comment on the author's paper Bridging Fragmentation and Unity: International Law as a Universe of Inter-Connected Islands

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Interpreting The Wto Agreements- A Commentary On Professor Pauwelyn's Approach, Joshua Meltzer Jan 2004

Interpreting The Wto Agreements- A Commentary On Professor Pauwelyn's Approach, Joshua Meltzer

Michigan Journal of International Law

In his paper, Professor Pauwelyn argues that pursuant to Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna Convention), the Appellate Body should consider other rules of international law in the interpretation of the WTO Agreements, when that law reflects the "common intentions" of the parties to the WTO. He argues that this does not mean that "all the parties to the WTO treaty must have formally and explicitly agreed, one after the other, to the new non-WTO rule; nor even that this rule must be otherwise legally bind all WTO members; but rather, that this new …

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Wto Compassion Or Superiority Complex?: What To Make Of The Wto Waiver For "Conflict Diamonds", Joost Pauwelyn Jan 2003

Wto Compassion Or Superiority Complex?: What To Make Of The Wto Waiver For "Conflict Diamonds", Joost Pauwelyn

Michigan Journal of International Law

In May 2003, the WTO granted a waiver for trade restrictions imposed on WTO members not participating in the Kimberley Certification Scheme combating so-called "conflict diamonds." This Article examines the implications of this waiver decision. It argues that GATT/TBT provisions may already excuse the trade restrictions at issue, especially now that the UN Security Council has explicitly supported them. The waiver, therefore, risks sending out the wrong signals, confirming a WTO "superiority complex." At the same time, by excluding restrictions between Kimberley participants from its scope, the waiver implies that WTO members considered the Kimberley scheme to be a non-WTO …

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Setting Standards: Should The Federal Circuit Give Greater Deference To Decisions Of The U.S. Court Of International Trade In International Trade Cases?, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 721 (2003), Mark E. Wojcik, Lawrence Friedman Jan 2003

Setting Standards: Should The Federal Circuit Give Greater Deference To Decisions Of The U.S. Court Of International Trade In International Trade Cases?, 36 J. Marshall L. Rev. 721 (2003), Mark E. Wojcik, Lawrence Friedman

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Assessing Clashes And Interplays Of Regines From A Distributive Perspective: Ip Rights Under The Strengthened Embargo Against Cuba And The Agreement On Trips, Robert Dufresne Jan 2003

Assessing Clashes And Interplays Of Regines From A Distributive Perspective: Ip Rights Under The Strengthened Embargo Against Cuba And The Agreement On Trips, Robert Dufresne

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article examines the clash of the two regulatory frameworks from the angle of distributive justice. By doing so, I suggest that in addition to the important issues of legitimacy, substantive norms, and hierarchy of legal orders, clashes between potential regulatory frameworks should also be conceptualized in the way in which they allocate goods (here the rights associated with IP) or recognize claims to or interests in such goods. The reasons for being concerned with distributive justice are threefold.

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Like Father, Like Son: A Progeny Of The Antidumping Model For The Shipbuilding Industry, Seung Wha Chang Jan 2003

Like Father, Like Son: A Progeny Of The Antidumping Model For The Shipbuilding Industry, Seung Wha Chang

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Article is organized in the following manner: Part II introduces the OECD Secretariat's proposed pricing mechanisms based on the IPC antidumping model, while Part III provides for a critical evaluation of the proposed pricing mechanisms. First, Part III explains the reasons why the IPC antidumping model does not fit the shipbuilding industry due to the unique characteristic of the shipbuilding market. This Part thereafter demonstrates why the antidumping regime, as well as the proposed pricing mechanism, cannot be justified under the competition policy standards. While criticizing defenses for the current antidumping regime, Part III demonstrates why the proposed pricing …

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