International Law Commons^™

International Antitrust, Miguel Del Pino, Elizabeth Avery, Rebecca Mahony, Bruno Drago, Paola Pugliese, Milena Mundim, Adam S. Goodman, Peter Wang, Yizhe Wang, Peter Camesasca, Laurie Anne Grelier, Naval Satarawala Chopra, Aman Singh Sethi, Shigeyoshi Ezaki, Vassili Moussis, Kiyoko Yagami, Naoki Uemura, Youngjin Jung, Maria Hajiyerou, Eun Hee Kim, Lara Granville, Neil Cunninghame, Lisl Dunlop

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International Anti-Money Laundering, Albert Janet

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International Transportation Law, James Henry Bergeron, Attilio M. Costabel, Peng Xianwei, James Border, Jason Drouyor, Greg Maddaleni

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International M&A And Joint Ventures, Renata Antiquera, Jason Saltzman, Selena Lucien, Francisco Ugarte, Alejandra Daroch, Yu Zheng, Yueyue Liao, Lu Jia, Xiao Wang, Luigi Pavanello, Anton Dzhuplin, Alexander Kleschev, Anna Kuznetsova, Albert Garrofé, Idoya Fernández, Lola Tejero, Timur Bondaryev, Anna Zorya, Edem Mensitov, Mark Howard, Geoffrey Goodale

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International Energy And Natural Resources Law, Mariana Ardizzone, Mathias Dantin, Ricardo Alves Silva, Sara Frazão, Tereza Garcia André

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International Contracts, Martin E. Aquilina, Max Deleon, Stuti Murarka, Willem Den Hertog, Anders Forkman, William P. Johnson, Samuel G. Wieczorek

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Cross-Border Real Estate, Timur Bondaryev, Tetiana Storozhuk, Anton Rekun

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

South Asia/Oceania & India, Kavita Mohan, Amy Tolbert Harris, Aseem Chawla, Sumit Khadaria, Austin J. Pierce, Namrata Patodia Rastogi, Sanjay Notani, Arunabh Choudhary, Aditi Joshi, Amit Gupta, Mansi Kukreja, Vidhi Goel, Ronjini Ray

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

China, Gary J. Gao, Ronnia Zheng, Yanling Zheng, Li Wang

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Mexico, Kelsey Quigley, Christopher Munoz, Cesar Conde, John Walsh, Sara Maldonado, Judith Wilson, Pedro Fernando González Maldonado, Estefania Díaz González, Bruce Greenberg, Mariano Carrizo, Karen Andrea Ortega Cajiga, Vanessa Romero-Rocha, Susan Burns, Rene Alva, Ernesto Velarde

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Canada, Jordan Goodman, Jeremiah Kopp, Julia Webster, Sam Levy, Jacob Mantle, Ashley Paterson, Tim Heneghan, Ramneet Sierra, H. Scott Fairley, Margarita Dvorkina, Adam Mauntah, Jacqueline Bart, Daniel O.W. Smith

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction, Jason S. Palmer, Kimberly Y.W. Holst

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

A Research Process For The Entire World? Challenges In Foreign, Comparative, And International Law Instruction, Janet Kearney

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

The Increasing Prevalence Of Cyber Operations And The Inadequacy Of International Law To Address Them, Gabriel Smedes

Global Tides

This paper is a synthesis research article analyzing the legality of cyber operations within the international legal sphere. It works to define cyber operations and differentiate them from similar identifiers. The study looks to existing contributions to international law and explores how some existing some existing regulation is challenging to apply and it is difficult to implement new legislation. Highlighting the importance of legislation and regulations on cyber operations due to their increasing prevalence and danger.

Talking Trash: The Development Of International Legal Governance Over Marine Plastic Pollution, Olivia B. Berryman

Global Tides

Increasing amounts of marine plastic pollution entering into the ocean endangers the lives of sea animals, harms the health of human seafood consumers, degrades the marine ecosystem, and contributes to climate change. Despite these consequences, there remains no international legally binding treaty that is solely devoted towards mitigating marine plastic pollution. While there are current treaties in place that have created some regulations to control the entrance of marine plastics into the ocean, none have achieved significant reduction and prevention of the issue due to flaws such as weak enforcement mechanisms and lenient restrictions on ocean dumping. Thus, this research …

Gendering The New International Convention On Cybercrimes And New Norms On Artificial Intelligence And Emerging Technologies, Rangita De Silva De Alwis

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

The trifecta of the Digital Global Compact (2024), the UN General Assembly Resolution on AI for Sustainable Development (2024) and the new Cyber Crime Convention (2025) come at a time of what seems to be an inexorable march of new technology. It is also at a time of transborder disruption caused by data breaches and cyber threats, that binding international norms can respond to global challenge. However, it must be emphasized that digital violence, developer bias, and data bias are not new phenomena, they have existed since the origins of the internet. Data that is used to train machine-learning algorithms …

Cruising Over Controversy: Addressing Discrimination Gaps In The Montreal Convention's Framework, Catherine Mitri

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Cancer Alley: Solutions For Effective Regulation And Enforcement Of Air Pollution, Lisa Lee

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Strategic Insights From Antarctic Mpas: Navigating The Future Framework For High Seas Mpas Under The Bbnj Agreement, Alyssa Huffman

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

Current area-based management systems regulate only about 1.18% of the high seas, leaving highly migratory fish species at risk of overexploitation. As a result, new legal mechanisms are essential for protecting and managing high seas fisheries. In recent decades, stakeholders have debated how to balance competing interests while ensuring equitable and sustainable access to areas beyond national jurisdiction. One proposed solution is the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). However, creating and managing high seas MPAs is a complex process. The Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources have undertaken this effort, establishing two MPAs …

Standardizing Space Technologies As Admissible Evidence: Legal And Ethical Frameworks For U.S. Courts And The International Criminal Court, Tuana Yazici

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

This paper explores the increasing role of satellite and other space technologies — such as optical satellite imagery, radar, and artificial intelligence (AI) — in legal proceedings both in the U.S. and internationally. It examines relevant Supreme Court and appellate cases, as well as key international rulings, to assess how courts are addressing the legal challenges posed by surveillance technologies. These cases reveal the tension between advancing technology and existing privacy protections, highlighting the need for updated legal frameworks. The analysis also covers federal laws, including the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, alongside proposed legislation like the American Privacy Rights Act …

Exploring Statehood Through The Lens Of Palestine And Puerto Rico, Gabriela G. Ibáñez

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Silent Shores: The Asean Human Rights Response To Refugee Protections, Lakshmi Sanmuganathan

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

Established on August 8, 1967, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (“ASEAN”) emerged as the first intergovernmental organization dedicated to promoting peace, security, and regional unity in Southeast Asia. In 2009, ASEAN affirmed its commitment to human rights by founding the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (“AICHR”), the first regional human rights system in Asia. This note offers a critical evaluation of the ASEAN human rights system and its response to refugee rights, recognition, and protections in Southeast Asia. It begins by assessing the historical foundation that has shaped ASEAN’s contemporary constraints. Building on this historical analysis, the focus …

Retaliatory Taxation, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Law & Economics Working Papers

This paper discusses the Trump administration's potential use of section 891 and pending legislation to apply retaliatory taxes to foreign countries that impose "discriminatory or extraterritorial" taxation on US multinationals.

To Infinity And Beyond (And Beyond): The Legal And Ethical Imperative For Rocket Reusability, Matthew Lumia

Duke Law & Technology Review

Although the Space Shuttle’s first flight was in the 1980s, reusable rocket technology did not achieve mainstream viability until SpaceX’s reusable Falcon 9 rocket revolutionized access to space. This note argues that transitioning to reusable rocket technology is not only a practical and economic advancement, but also a legal and ethical imperative. By analyzing reusable rockets through the “due regard” framework of the Outer Space Treaty, this note demonstrates how reusable rockets mitigate space debris, expand access to space, and can reduce environmental harm. Additionally, reusable rockets address critical ethical concerns by lowering barriers to space exploration, allowing the benefits …

Boundary Delimitation In The Economic Zone: The Gulf Of Maine Dispute, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

In an ideal world of abundant natural resources, homogeneously distributed among nations, the issue of marine boundary delimitation would have little significance within the international community. However, the realities of randomly concentrated and limited resources, complicated by the political geography of the oceans, have made maritime boundary delimitation a crucial international issue. In a world of more than 130 coastal nations, the determination of standards for allocation of living and non-living ocean resources within the fertile offshore areas has become an issue of widespread economic importance. Nonetheless, the international community has developed few concrete and specific rules for marine boundary …

The International Legal Obligations Of Signatories To An Unratified Treaty, Martin A. Rogoff

Maine Law Review

There are currently two major international agreements of the United States which have been signed by the parties and transmitted by the President to the Senate for its advice and consent: the Treaty with the Soviet Union on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, known as SALT II, and the Agreement with Canada on East Coast Fishery Resources and the accompanying Treaty to Submit to Binding Dispute Settlement the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area. Both agreements were signed after lengthy and complex negotiations. Both agreements are extremely detailed and represent a delicate balancing of …

Reproductive Governance In China: National Policies, Human Rights, And Accountability Under International Law, Victoria Xuan Wang

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

China’s reproductive policies, including the One-Child, Two-Child, and Three-Child Policies, have been widely criticized for violating women’s reproductive rights through coercive enforcement measures such as forced abortion, sterilization, and employment discrimination. This Article argues that these policies violate international human rights law, particularly the right to freely determine the number and spacing of children as protected under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).

Despite international scrutiny, China has largely resisted direct responses to criticisms from treaty-based and charter-based human rights monitoring bodies, including the CEDAW Committee, the Universal Periodic Review and Special Procedures …

The Enduring Genocide Against The Yazidis: How Iraq's Law On Religious Identity Violates The Human Rights Of Yazidi Survivors Of Isis Captivity And Their Children Born Of Sexual Violence, Michelle Xiao Liu

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

2024 marked the ten-year anniversary of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) genocide against the Yazidis—an ethnoreligious minority community indigenous to northwest Iraq. Beginning in August 2014, ISIS executed between 3,000 and 5,000 Yazidi men and elderly Yazidi women and buried them in mass graves, kidnapped and converted young Yazidi boys to a radical form of Sunni Islam and pressed them into military service, and captured or trafficked over 6,800 Yazidi women and children, subjecting many of them to sexual violence. ISIS carried out its intent to eradicate the Yazidis through systematic murder, forced conversion, and sexual violence …

Comparing Freedom Of Speech In The United States And Germany, Simon Morgenstern

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review (CICLR) Blog

A citizen’s freedom of speech is a fundamental right that is guaranteed by most democracies around the world. In fact, some estimates have it that free speech is a right in almost 165 countries across the globe. While the ideal is one shared by most, the application of the right to real life situations differs amongst countries. Some countries have a broader understanding of the right while others offer a more limited approach. This blog post will compare and analyze the approach taken by the United States and Germany to free speech, specifically with regards to their attitude towards “hate …