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Articles 1 - 30 of 603
Full-Text Articles in International Law
Neurorights And New Charts Of Digital Rights: A Dialogue Beyond The Limits Of The Law, Rafael Yuste
Neurorights And New Charts Of Digital Rights: A Dialogue Beyond The Limits Of The Law, Rafael Yuste
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In this article, the authors address some of the most pressing issues that stem from the relationship between the technological advancements of the twenty-first century and legal regulation. The development of neurotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI), while offering considerable opportunities for the betterment of social life, also poses unprecedented risks. These challenges manifest in a wide variety of topics. Areas such as human rights treaties, antitrust law, property law, and labor law are affected by these developments. The risks associated with the unregulated use of neurotechnology and AI do not cease at the sectorial stage. Some of the values upon …
Due Diligence In A Pandemic: State Accountability For Covid-19 Under International Law, Andrea Cocchini, Gonzalo Villalta Puig
Due Diligence In A Pandemic: State Accountability For Covid-19 Under International Law, Andrea Cocchini, Gonzalo Villalta Puig
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has tested the response capacity of the international community. This article analyses the due diligence principle and the various international legal instruments that restate it in an assessment of the possible actions that states could have taken to avoid or, at least, contain the initial outbreak of the pandemic.
Civil Society And Regional Human Rights Development In Asia: Lessons From The Asian Human Rights Court Simulation, Mark L. Shope, Wen-Chen Chang
Civil Society And Regional Human Rights Development In Asia: Lessons From The Asian Human Rights Court Simulation, Mark L. Shope, Wen-Chen Chang
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In 2019, the historic first hearing of the Asian Human Rights Court Simulation (AHRCS and its "Court') took place in Taipei, Taiwan. The Court heard the case of Chiou Ho-shun v. ROC (Taiwan). The judges of the AHRCS consisted of experts in international human rights law; and observers from the media, scholars, government officials, and national and international human rights defenders were in attendance. Along with the hearings, the event included workshops on international human rights topics and a civil society dialogue. This article discusses issues surrounding the development, ecosystem, and future of the Court. The article first discusses the …
Access To Medicine In Developing Countries: Elevating State Obligations Over Corporate Profit, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Kamil Omoteso
Access To Medicine In Developing Countries: Elevating State Obligations Over Corporate Profit, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Kamil Omoteso
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This paper investigates the divergence between the objectives of the state in ensuring citizens' right to health and the profit-maximization objective of pharmaceutical corporations in relation to, access to, and supply of medicine. This divergence is pertinent given both the rising cost of medicines and unmet needs, particularly in developing countries. This paper analyses the correlation between pharmaceutical corporations' profit drive and the state's welfare obligation. There is a need to bridge the gap between business and human rights, which can be achieved by combining the concepts of "business ethical responsibility" and corporations' contributions to "common good" with the jurisprudence …
State Leadership Vs. Lawyers' Entrepreneurship: The Globalization Trajectories Of Chinese Legal Professionals Under The Belt & Road Initiative, Jing Li
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Based on the analysis of the online profiles of 205 BRI Talent Bank lawyers as accredited by China's national bar association, this article generates important empirical knowledge about the approaches and processes that a nation-state may use in directing the internationalization of legal professionals. In addition to designing the general roadmap and offering broad incentives, the state has demonstrated a much more handson approach. By collecting the so-called "state-adjacent" lawyers and commissioning them to take some concrete first steps stipulated in the roadmap, the Chinese state effectively envisions them as role models for other lawyers to follow to ensure that …
Ending Demand For Modern-Day Slavery: An Analysis Of Human Trafficking In The Global Marketplace, Rachel Leach
Ending Demand For Modern-Day Slavery: An Analysis Of Human Trafficking In The Global Marketplace, Rachel Leach
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The purpose of this paper is to inform readers of the prevalence of and increasing demand for human trafficking, both domestically and globally, and to propose necessary next steps governments must take in order to end the demand for such human exploitation. This paper will closely analyze the issue of trafficking humans for sex and labor within the Western Hemisphere and throughout Asia by using the United States and China as primary case studies. These case studies analyze the specific actions or inactions taken by the United States and Chinese governments to combat modern day slavery, as well as the …
Enforcement Mechanisms For International Standards Of Judicial Independence: The Role Of Government And Private Actors, Rachel Stopchinski
Enforcement Mechanisms For International Standards Of Judicial Independence: The Role Of Government And Private Actors, Rachel Stopchinski
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In 2017, the prevailing political party in Poland, Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwos6), proposed a series of radical legislative changes designed to strip the Polish judiciary of its independence. Though the European Union (EU) has extensively investigated this egregious attack on the rule of law, no concrete steps have been taken to impose sanctums on, or otherwise discipline, the Polish government for defying EU ideals. Despite the fundamental importance of judicial independence in maintaining the rule of law, there are presently no widely adopted international standards of judicial independence. Therefore, no guidelines are promulgated for governments to follow, and …
The U.N. Committee Of 24'S Dogmatic Philosophy Of Recognition: Toward A Sui Generis Approach To Decolonization, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Tanzil Chowdhury
The U.N. Committee Of 24'S Dogmatic Philosophy Of Recognition: Toward A Sui Generis Approach To Decolonization, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Tanzil Chowdhury
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The time is ripe for the U.N. Special Committee on Decolonization (the Committee of 24) to accept sui generis categories that enable it to achieve its aim of finishing the job of decolonization. This would mean a departure from the Committee of 24's rigid adherence to the three forms of decolonization currently recognized: independence, integration, and free association. This article adopts Gilles Deleuze's critiques of the "dogmatic philosophy of recognition" and how they can be overcome through his articulation of "the Encounter" to analyse the philosophical basis of the Committee of 24's inability to recognize sui generis forms of decolonization. …
The Effectiveness And Application Of The Eu Principle Of Consistent Interpretation In Hungarian Courts, Fabio Ratto Trabucco
The Effectiveness And Application Of The Eu Principle Of Consistent Interpretation In Hungarian Courts, Fabio Ratto Trabucco
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This study of how the Hungarian courts have applied the principle of consistent interpretation demonstrates the striking degree to which this statutory interpretation method has been derived from EU law and embedded in the national courts' practice. Originating in the jurisprudence of the EU Court of Justice and based on the principle of sincere cooperation set out in Article 4(3) EU Treaty, the principle of consistent interpretation consists of a duty incumbent on all public authorities, including national courts, to interpret national law in conformity with EU law. Consistent interpretation plays an important role in enabling individuals to secure rights …
Rising Authoritarianism(S) And The Globalization Of Law: An Initial Exploration, Z. Umut Türem
Rising Authoritarianism(S) And The Globalization Of Law: An Initial Exploration, Z. Umut Türem
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article explores the question "what does the future hold for the globalization of law?" In analyzing the future of legal globalization, I suggest that analyzing the recent rise of authoritarianism, both at the national as well as transnational plane, offers significant insights. I make three related observations regarding the rise of authoritarian politics. First, the rise of authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes and the blend of populism with authoritarianism at the national contexts seems to obstruct globalization of law. This is likely due to the fact that the power of authoritarian politics mostly comes from their populist appeal to the …
To Secede Or Not Secede? Is It Even Possible?, T. Z. Cook
To Secede Or Not Secede? Is It Even Possible?, T. Z. Cook
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Secession seems like a concept of the past. In our increasingly globalizing world, nationalism was growing archaic and halting progress. But secession has seen a surge in the last ten years. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008. The United Kingdom seceded from the European Union in the infamous "Brexit." And in 2017, Catalonia's grab for independence sparked the worst crisis in Spain since the days of Francisco Franco.1 Alongside these high-profile secessions, smaller movements, which until now were simply brewing and bubbling, are becoming inspired. One such movement is "The South is My Country," a coalition of three southern …
America's Past-Time And The Art Of Diplomacy, Alyson St. Pierre
America's Past-Time And The Art Of Diplomacy, Alyson St. Pierre
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
As organizations and corporations construct an international reach, they become influential actors in foreign relations between sovereign countries. Particularly, while Major League Baseball continues to recruit players and build a large fan base across the globe, it increases its ability to facilitate civil relations between the United States and other nations. An exploration of how professional baseball provides a useful platform to improve diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba best exemplifies how the League can promote change. Although the United States and Cuba have had a rather tumultuous relationship in recent history, a coordinated effort to improve the …
The Rome Statute: Global Justice And The Asymmetries Of Recognition, Hans Lindahl
The Rome Statute: Global Justice And The Asymmetries Of Recognition, Hans Lindahl
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Given the emergence of challenges that are increasingly global in nature, and given the irreducible contingency of state borders, it would seem that justice must become global justice: justice that takes shape through a legal order that holds for all of humanity and everywhere. But is justice for all and everywhere possible? At issue, in this question, is not a rearguard defense of the state and state law. Instead, the question concerns the globality of global law and global justice. Is any legal order possible, global or otherwise, that organizes itself as an inside without an outside, that is, which …
The Inevitable United States Adoption Of Ifrs: How And Why The United States Should Be Prepared, Erika M. Tribuzi
The Inevitable United States Adoption Of Ifrs: How And Why The United States Should Be Prepared, Erika M. Tribuzi
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In an age where technology makes the world smaller and business transactions happen by the microsecond, both private and public entities have utilized global standards. These standards are often voluntary and span many different industries. In the twenty-first century, financial reporting standards have not been immune toward the pull for global uniformity. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of international financial reporting standards that countries can choose to adopt in full or in part. Currently, there are 143 countries that have adopted IFRS in some capacity. This Note addresses the voluntary nature of global standards in the …
Retooling The Ilo: How A New Enforcement Wing Can Help The Ilo Reach Its Goal Through Regional Free Trade Agreements, Thomas Payne
Retooling The Ilo: How A New Enforcement Wing Can Help The Ilo Reach Its Goal Through Regional Free Trade Agreements, Thomas Payne
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Raising global labor standards has been a goal of labor activists, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and nations for over a century. The International Labor Organization (ILO) was created nearly one hundred years ago for that purpose, but a century later its goal remains largely unfinished. This paper will propose a retooling initiative for the ILO that will give it the enforcement power it needs for real labor standard change and the resources it needs to use that enforcement power to promote work according to established international labor standards. This enforcement power will take place through regional free trade agreements (RFTAs), which …
The Domino Effect: How Inadequate Intellectual Property Rights In The Fashion Industry Affect Global Sustainability, Cassandra Elrod
The Domino Effect: How Inadequate Intellectual Property Rights In The Fashion Industry Affect Global Sustainability, Cassandra Elrod
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This note discusses an unexplored problem at the nexus of fashion and intellectual property law: how "fast fashion" leads to unsustainability of global resources and human rights issues pertaining to overseas manufacturing facilities. This unnecessary chain of events could be avoided if fashion designers were granted more substantial intellectual property rights rather than an overall lack of protection. Instead of turning a blind eye to the consequences of consumer demand and "fast fashion," Congress needs to address these issues head on through legislation that mirrors some of the copyright protections afforded fashion designers overseas
A Lex Mercatoria For Corporate Social Responsibility Codes Without The State? A Critique Of Legalization Within The State Under The Premises Of Globalization, Larry Catá Backer
A Lex Mercatoria For Corporate Social Responsibility Codes Without The State? A Critique Of Legalization Within The State Under The Premises Of Globalization, Larry Catá Backer
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Recent efforts have sought to theorize the legalization of the social and economic sphere that is undiminished by time. Though the context has changed over time, the project remains the same-to embed behavior control within a network of mandatory proscriptions attached in some authoritative way to the state. Corporate social responsibility has been bound up in corporate codes of behavior and related private governance standards systems. In that form, it serves as a key site for the evolution of legalization and legitimacy in governance. That evolution appears to take corporate social responsibility from its twentieth century formalist rigidity into something …
Corporate Codes As Private Co-Regulatory Instruments In Corporate Governance And Responsibility And Their Enforcement, Jan Eijsbouts
Corporate Codes As Private Co-Regulatory Instruments In Corporate Governance And Responsibility And Their Enforcement, Jan Eijsbouts
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) codes have gained a prominent role as tools in self-regulation for companies to establish their basic values, norms, and rules that condition the conduct of directors, managers, employees, and-increasingly-of suppliers. This development must be seen in the light of two important paradigmatic changes in the concepts both of CSR and corporate governance. The former is no longer purely voluntary and the latter has become inclusive of CSR, each with far-reaching consequences for the raison d'itre and the place and function of the codes in the smart regulatory mix governing corporations. While the codes were based originally …
Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014): An Ineffective Response To The Foreign Terrorist Fighter Phenomenon, Cory Kopitzke
Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014): An Ineffective Response To The Foreign Terrorist Fighter Phenomenon, Cory Kopitzke
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Thousands of foreign terrorist fighters poured into the Middle East from almost every country across the globe. Radicalized by professionally edited videos and propaganda disseminated through the Internet, people from all walks of life were captivated by the Islamic State's rhetoric, and nations were struggling to figure out how to stop them. One solution came in the form of a United Nations Security Council Resolution- Resolution 2178 (2014). This resolution is directed specifically at foreign terrorist fighters and calls upon all Member States to act with haste to address this new phenomenon. Critics were quick to call into question the …
A Treaty On Enforcing Human Rights Against Business: Closing The Loophole Or Getting Stuck In A Loop?, Pierre Theilbörger, Tobias Ackermann
A Treaty On Enforcing Human Rights Against Business: Closing The Loophole Or Getting Stuck In A Loop?, Pierre Theilbörger, Tobias Ackermann
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This Article takes a human rights law perspective on the issue of enforcing corporate social responsibility. While corporations receive a variety of rights under international law, they do not equally hold a corresponding set of duties. The Article assesses the merits and shortcomings of existing initiatives to bridge this gap, in particular the Special Representative to the Secretary-General's (legally nonbinding) Framework and Guiding Principles, as well as the most recent initiative at the United Nations Human Rights Council on developing a (legally binding) treaty on business and human rights. While emphasizing that existing legal frameworks-such as human rights law, international …
Toward An International Constitution Of Patient Rights, Alison Poklaski
Toward An International Constitution Of Patient Rights, Alison Poklaski
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In the past decade, medical tourism-the travel of patients across borders to receive medical treatment-has undergone unprecedented growth, fueled by the globalization of health care and related industries. While medical tourism can benefit patients through increased access to treatment and cost-savings, medical travel also raises concerns about ensuring quality of care and legal redress in medical malpractice. Moreover, existing regulations fail to address these unprecedented issues. The multilateral adoption of an International Constitution of Patient Rights (ICPR) is necessary in order to more effectively preserve medical tourism's benefits and guard against its risks.
Surrogacy And Citizenship: A Conjunctive Solution To A Global Problem, Caitlin Pyrce
Surrogacy And Citizenship: A Conjunctive Solution To A Global Problem, Caitlin Pyrce
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
People around the world are turning to surrogacy when they are unable to conceive by traditional means. When surrogacy turns traditional notions of parentage upside down, however, countries struggle to find efficient regulations that protect their own citizens, while still recognizing the increasingly global nature of modern society. Children born through surrogacy arrangements between Thai surrogate mothers and Australian intended parents have been confronted with the consequences of inadequate regulation. This note argues that in addition to revising surrogacy legislation to reflect the increasingly transient nature of society, countries must make mirror citizenship reform so children born through surrogacy are …
The Esa Guidelines: Soft Law And Subjectivity In The European Financial Market-Capturing The Administrative Influence, Jakob Schemmel
The Esa Guidelines: Soft Law And Subjectivity In The European Financial Market-Capturing The Administrative Influence, Jakob Schemmel
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The disastrous performance of European financial-market regulation during the 2008 financial crisis convinced the European powers-that- be of the urgent need for further integration. Since then the European Union (EU) has established three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs), which are commissioned to enhance capacity and harmonization of the European banking, insurance, and capital markets law. In carrying out this task, the ESAs employ so called ESA Guidelines, which have caught the attention of practitioners and scholars alike. As soft law, they bear a strong resemblance to instruments used on the global level to regulate the financial markets and therefore might fall …
State Ownership And The United Nations Business And Human Rights Agenda: Three Instruments, Three Narratives, Mikko Rajavuori
State Ownership And The United Nations Business And Human Rights Agenda: Three Instruments, Three Narratives, Mikko Rajavuori
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The rise of globally-oriented state ownership has emerged as a crucial issue across political, economic, and legal planes during the past decade. Contrary to the traditional approach where state ownership is viewed primarily through trade law, antitrust law, and corporate law, this article discusses the proliferating state shareholder power in relation to international human rights law. In particular, the article interrogates three recent U.N. human rights governance instruments by using narratives that highlight perils, potential, and specialty of state ownership in the emerging business and human rights agenda. It is argued that the U.N. instruments realize the changes in the …
Taking To The Sea: The Modern Seasteading Movement In The Context Of Other Historical Intentional Communities, Megan Binder
Taking To The Sea: The Modern Seasteading Movement In The Context Of Other Historical Intentional Communities, Megan Binder
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Though its mission may seem to belong to the realm of science fiction-establishing self-sufficient, floating cities on the high seas-the modern seasteading movement is simply the next iteration of mankind's long quest to establish more perfect societies. If they wish to accomplish their goals, seasteaders must be prepared to confront and overcome serious obstacles on technological, social, and legal fronts. Reviewing other historical examples of intentional communities offers a glimpse of the potential challenges that are common across all such movements and suggests that, to ensure long-term success, seasteaders may benefit longterm from pursuing international recognition of sovereignty for their …
Will The Ebola Epidemic Serve To Make Reform Of The Broken Health Research And Development Framework Go Viral?, Jeremy Mcdonald
Will The Ebola Epidemic Serve To Make Reform Of The Broken Health Research And Development Framework Go Viral?, Jeremy Mcdonald
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa has captured the public imagination as few other epidemics have, as its rapid spread and lethal effect demonstrated the devastating toll that infectious diseases can exact from a world unprepared to confront them. In light of the epidemic's tragic consequences, numerous experts have called for reform of the system of global health governance whose shortfalls allowed the epidemic to assume the horrifying dimensions it did. Among the many inadequacies that the outbreak uncovered is the insufficient amount of research into and development of treatments and vaccines for infectious diseases of poverty, among them …
Citizens Of Sinking Islands: Early Victims Of Climate Change, Erin Halstead
Citizens Of Sinking Islands: Early Victims Of Climate Change, Erin Halstead
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This Note discusses the effects of climate change that threaten Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Specifically, with increasing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting in rising sea levels and higher frequency of extreme weather events, many citizens of SIDS are forced abandon their homelands, which are no longer livable. Although SIDS are some of the smallest contributors to GHG emissions, and therefore contribute the least to climate change, SIDS are some of the countries most heavily affected by the negative effects of climate change. The global community has an obligation to accommodate these displaced people, partially due to the significant …
Decentering Human Rights From The International Order Of States: The Alignment And Interaction Of Transnational Policy Channels, Radu G. Mares
Decentering Human Rights From The International Order Of States: The Alignment And Interaction Of Transnational Policy Channels, Radu G. Mares
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article accounts for recent developments in corporate social responsibility, international trade and investment law, international human rights law, development aid, and the laws of home states reaching extraterritorially in order to advance a regulatory perspective on commerce and human rights. While these developments are remarkable, the analysis documents the prevalence of softer strategies and a corresponding scarcity of coercive legalization strategies. The question, then, is how to reason about these recent developments and their genuine potential for human rights protection. The article proposes two elements-a root-cause orientation and the interaction of policy channels-as indispensable for a regulatory and systemic …
Introduction: Global Human Rights Law And The Boundaries Of Statehood, Daniel Augenstein, Hans Lindahl
Introduction: Global Human Rights Law And The Boundaries Of Statehood, Daniel Augenstein, Hans Lindahl
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The contributions collected in this Special Issue are the outcome of a colloquium on "Global Human Rights Law and the Boundaries of Statehood" held at the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) in South Africa in March 2015. The colloquium is the first in a series of topics to be addressed within the STIAS research project, "Boundaries and Legal Authority in a Global Context," coordinated by Hans Lindahl and Louise du Toit. We would like to express our gratitude to STIAS for the funding and logistics of the colloquium. Our particular thanks are due to the director of STIAS, Hendrik …
The Temporal Rivalries Of Human Rights, Fleur E. Johns
The Temporal Rivalries Of Human Rights, Fleur E. Johns
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Nation-states' "boundaries" are produced in time: around official working hours and terms of office, for instance, and in the historicomythic "life of the nation." Global human rights practices affirm and depend on nation-states' temporal authority, while also calling that authority into question. In different ways, global markets do likewise. In recent decades, the ubiquity of both finance capital and international human rights law, among other factors, may have encouraged the fracturing of time into intervals of ever-decreasing length. Temporal authority premised on the long-term seems to have declining purchase, even as historicism and futurism abound, discouraging some modes of state-based …