International Law Commons^™

It Is Not About The Drugs: A Comparative And Contextual Analysis Of Singapore And European Approach To Drug Issues, Rathna N. Korman

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article aims to establish that Singapore’s drug policy and approach though not in tandem, is consistent with the elements espoused in the harm reduction approach advocated by the Global Commission on drug policies. The Commission takes the position that drug control nationally has to be aligned with the sustainable development goals agenda approved by the member states in 2015. It has recommended abolishing death penalty for all drug related offences, decriminalizing drug possession and cultivation for personal consumption, implementing non-penal sanctions for all low level drug offenders, and exploring non-penal regulatory models following decriminalization. There is a paradigm shift …

Board Independence As A Panacea To Tunnelling? An Empirical Study Of Related Party Transactions In Hong Kong And Singapore, Christopher C. H. Chen, Wai Yee Wan, Wei Zhang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this article, we examine a general question: is the legal transplantation of corporate governance rule effective in curtailing agency costs? Entering into the 21st century, we have seen reforms of corporate governance standards in the Far East since the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, including in Hong Kong and Singapore. These reforms built on the Anglo-American model of corporate governance in the UK and US supported by broad academic literature of connecting better corporate governance with firm value and identifying the association of tunneling or wrongdoings with poor corporate governance practices. The idea is also to provide more checks-and-balances …

The Use Of Force And Cyber Countermeasures, Gary Corn, Eric Talbot Jensen

Faculty Scholarship

In a global environment where most unfriendly acts between nations fall below the threshold of a use of force, the doctrine of countermeasures can be an important tool for states. However, in the realm of cyber operations, the rules governing the application of countermeasures result in unrealistic constraints on states. Particularly when compared with the much lesser constraints on the exercise of self-defense, limitations such as the prohibitions on anticipatory and collective countermeasures, the requirement to provide prior notice, and the unavailability of countermeasures to confront non-state actors highlight this imbalance. Cyber countermeasures are uniquely situated to become an effective …

Peace Agreement Between The Government Of Indonesia And Free Aceh Movement: Its Natures And Challenges, M. Yakub Aiyub Kadir

Indonesia Law Review

This paper will assess the progress and challenges of the peace agreement between the Government of Indonesian and Free Aceh Movement (MoU Helsinki) post the enactment of the Law on Aceh Government 11/2006 (LAG), particularly on the vulnerability status of MoU both in national and international legal system. Using normative approach and analysing data from local, national and international sources to describe the recent implementation of MoU. It confirms that after eleven years security and political aspect has been demonstrated, while economic and human rights-related issues remain left behind. Therefore this paper argues that the legalization of MoU in the …

International And Domestic Law Aspects Of Cross-Border Insolvency In Order To Establishing Cross-Border Insolvency Regulation In Asean: Indonesian Perspective, Moch Najib Imanullah, Emmy Latifah, Pramesthi Dinar Kirana Ratri

Indonesia Law Review

The increases in cross-border trade has resulted in more companies with assets, business, and presence in multiple jurisdiction. When any of these companies face debt restructuring or insolvency, it confronts a myriad of complex issues in coordinating rescue proposals or winding up the businesses across jurisdictions. Prior to the 1997 economic crisis, insolvency laws in most state economies were generally out of date and irrelevant to the modern commercial needs, particulary the cross-border insolvency matters that has not been well regulated. ASEAN has initiated an integrated economy regional by launching an ASEAN Economic Community on late 2015. It aimed to …

The State Responsibility On The Iuu Fishing : The Reflection Of The 2015 Itlos Advisory Opinion On Iuu Fishing And Its Relevance To Indonesia, Siti Noor Malia Putri

Indonesia Law Review

Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing activities have been widely known as a threat to marine living resources. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has adopted its advisory opinion on the responsibility and the possible liability of the flag States who committed IUU fishing activities in an area under the jurisdiction of the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC). Other than the Opinion, many international scholars and legal instruments have arisen the same concern, however, the primary source on the Law of the Sea, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is silent in …

The Effect Of Globalization On The National Criminal Law Systems, Shirin Ahmadi Dastjerdi, Abbas Sheikholeslami, Haniyeh Hojabrosadati

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Globalization has influenced many human life scopes with a variety of tools, which the cyberspace playing the most role. Although both cyberspace and globalization have had many benefits to human life, both as a tool and as a process, they have been able to assist offenders to bring crime into the cyberspace without any trouble. Therefore, today criminologists discuss the globalized world of crime. Although, the processes of homogenization and globalization have been precious to human beings, should not be overlooked. In this article, the author has tried to explain the cybercrime in the age of globalization, with an emphasis …

Are Enhanced Warfighters Weapons, Means, Or Methods Of Warfare?, Rain Liivoja, Luke Chircop

International Law Studies

Advances in science and technology have made it possible to improve the physical and cognitive capabilities of warfighters by biomedical interventions, such as the administration of drugs, the implantation of devices, and the magnetic stimulation of the brain. These advances raise the question as to whether enhanced warfighters ought to be considered weapons, means of warfare, or methods of warfare, for the purposes of the law of armed conflict. An affirmative answer to this question would make human enhancement subject to various restrictions arising from the law of armed conflict as well as arms control law. This article disagrees with …

The Application Of International Conventions By Chinese Inland-River Vessels Under Special Routes : Taking The Air Pollution Prevention As Example, Feng Meng

Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations (Dalian)

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Laws And Regulations Concerning Human Factors In Maritime Accident, Yifang Xu

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Between Power Politics And International Economic Law: Asian Regionalism, The Trans-Pacific Partnership And U.S.-China Trade Relations, Jiangyu Wang

Pace International Law Review

This Article examines the interactions of power politics and international economic law in the development of regionalism in Asia, particularly in the context of United States-China trade relations. It argues that the process of regional economic integration in Asia has been slow-moving because of the politicization of regionalism by power rivalries. China’s initial regional integration initiatives apparently ignored the United States, a superpower which has always been a major player in Asia and an indispensable part of the region’s economic process. The United States-led Trans-Pacific Partnership was allegedly designed to exclude China, Asia’s largest economy. On the other hand, the …

Cisg Article 79: Exemption Of Performance, And Adaptation Of Contract Through Interpretation Of Reasonableness－Full Of Sound And Fury, But Signifying Something, Yasutoshi Ishida

Pace International Law Review

Article 79 of the CISG provides that “[a] party is not liable for a failure to perform any of his obligations” if the party has encountered a certain impediment defined therein. It was once depicted as “the Convention’s least successful part of the half-century of work.” It has been thirty years since the CISG took effect. However, the interpretation of Article 79 is as old and unsuccessful as ever. For one thing, it has long been interpreted against our intuition, not to exempt a party from specific performance claims. For another, the controversy has long continued unsettled over whether a …

The Consideration Of Male Victims Of Sexual Violence As A Subset Of The Particular Social Group “Homosexual” In Adjudicating Asylum Claims, Christiana Desrosiers

Pace International Law Review

This Article analyzes the difficulties African male victims of sexual violence experience when seeking asylum in homophobic host countries and the lack of attention they receive from international and national governments and organizations. It concludes by recommending that male victims of sexual violence be able to seek asylum in host countries due to lack of medical care that they receive in their countries on account of imputed homosexual status.

Humanitarian Islam, Engy Abdelkader

Pace International Law Review

In the aftermath of mass shootings by violent extremists and amid increasing anti-Muslim prejudice and discrimination, many Muslim Americans have responded to these and other social, legal, and political developments with philanthropic initiatives inspired by orthodox Islamic teachings. This humanitarian impulse in Islam, which has shaped the religion since its founding, is relatively unknown to non-Muslim Americans. Humanitarian Islam is defined here in largely oppositional terms to so-called the “radical Islam.” In contrast to the violence, aggression, death, and destruction commonly associated with “radical Islam,” selfless volunteerism, benevolence, altruism, and charitable giving in service to others are characteristic of humanitarian …

Death On The High Seas: The Demise Of Tovalop And Cristal, Susan Bloodworth

Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law

In this Comment, the author provides an overview of TOVALOP and CRISTAL. The author also discusses other U.S. and international remedies for oil spill damages. An evaluation of the ramifications which are being realized because TOVALOP and CRISTAL are no longer enforced follows. This Comment concludes by suggesting that any future oil pollution compensation scheme must include TOVALOP and CRISTAL because these agreements provided the greatest likelihood of compensation to those damaged by maritime oil pollution.

Indigenous Land Tenure And Nationalisation Of Land In Nigeria, P. Ehi Oshio

Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law

No abstract provided.

Developer Obligations For Public Services In Israel: Law And Social Policy In A Comparative Perspective, Rachelle Alterman

Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law

No abstract provided.

International Pesticide Trade: Is There Any Hope For The Effective Regulation Of Controlled Substances?, Jefferson D. Reynolds

Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law

In this Article, the author argues for stronger regulation, both domestically and internationally, of the importation of toxic pesticides into developing countries. Additionally, he argues there should be greater exchange of information regarding the danger and proper use of toxic pesticides. The author begins by discussing the adverse health and environmental effects of unregulated pesticides. He also explores the idea that while pesticides are heavily regulated in the United States, the importation of unregulated toxic pesticides into developing countries usually results in the pesticides finding their way back into the United States' food supply through what is known as the …

Water Disputes In The Middle East: An International Law Analysis Of The Israel-Jordan Peace Accord, Raed Mounir Fathallah

Florida State University Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law

This Article discusses the role of the Jordan River basin in the peace accord (Treaty) between the state of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. After reviewing past water disputes involving the Jordan River, the water allocation and management sections of the Treaty are compared with the Treaty's predecessor, the Main Plan. Even though it was never ratified, both Israel and Jordan tacitly conducted their respective water polices in accordance with the Main Plan. This discussion is followed by a comparison of the Treaty with the substantive and procedural requirements of the International Law Commission Draft Articles and other …

Discriminatory Nationality Laws Must Be Eliminated In Order To Eradicate Statelessness, Neda Shaheen

DePaul Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Ageism, Human Rights, And The European Court Of Human Rights: A Critical Analysis Of The Carvalho V. Portugal Case (2017), Eugenio Mantovani, Dr. Benny Spanier, Prof. Israel (Issi) Doron

DePaul Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Rethinking International Investment Governance: Principles For The 21st Century, Emma Aisbett, Barnali Choudhury, Olivier De Schutter, Frank Garcia, James Harrison, Song Hong, Lise Johnson, Mouhamadou Kane, Santiago Peña, Matthew Porterfield, Susan Sell, Stephen E. Shay, Louis T. Wells

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Books

Rethinking International Investment Governance: Principles for the 21st Century – written over the course of a week by a distinguished group of experts in international economic governance using the Booksprint process – aims to serve as a practical resource for those interested in the elements of an international investment system that promotes sustainable development and achieves legitimacy by providing benefits to all stakeholders.

The objective of Rethinking International Investment Governance is to change the terms of the debate so that societal values and goals are at the center of discussions about each reform proposal and process. This book rethinks international …

Safety From Flawed Forensic Sciences Evidence, Boaz Sangero

Georgia State University Law Review

This article addresses the way to safety in the context of forensic sciences evidence. After presenting the current lack of safety, which I term “unsafety,” I raise some possible safety measures to contend with this. My suggestions are grounded on two bases: first, the specific analysis of each type of evidence in line with the most recent research on the subject; and second, modern safety theory and its application to the criminal justice system. It is important to stress that my proposals represent only some of the conceivable safety measures. Developing a comprehensive safety theory for the criminal justice system …

The Uk Forensic Science Regulator: A Model For Forensic Science Regulation?, Carole Mccartney, Emmanuel N. Amoako

Georgia State University Law Review

The use of an array of scientific techniques and technologies is now considered customary within criminal justice, with technological developments and scientific advancements regularly added to the crime investigator’s arsenal. However, the scientific basis, reliability, and fallibility of the application of such “forensic science” (and the resulting scientific evidence) continues to come under intense scrutiny. In response to apparently irremediable problems with the quality of scientific evidence in the United Kingdom (UK), the government created the role of “Forensic Science Regulator” in 2007.

The introduction of a regulator was intended to establish quality standards for all forensic science providers in …

Governing Land Investments: Do Governments Have Legal Support Gaps?, Sam Szoke-Burke, Kaitlin Y. Cordes

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

In the wave of efforts to encourage and support more “responsible” land investments, one aspect has been largely overlooked: are governments equipped with the legal and technical support needed to effectively negotiate and conclude investment contracts that lead to responsible outcomes?

CCSI researched how host governments access legal support in the planning, negotiation, and monitoring of land investments, with a view to better understanding where legal support gaps for governments exist, and how these can be addressed by governments themselves, as well as by donors, support providers and investors.

By scrutinizing “legal support gaps,” CCSI sought to identify possible weak …

The Emperor’S New Clothes: The Variety Of Stakeholders In Climate Change Regulation Assuming The Mantle Of Federal And International Authority, Linda A. Malone

Faculty Publications

In June 2017, President Donald Trump announced the United States would be withdrawing from the Paris Climate Accord. President Trump believes the United States should be more focused on its economic wellbeing than on environmental concerns. Since being elected, President Trump has, with the help of the Environmental Protection Agency, been rolling back, or attempting to roll back, major climate change regulations. However, this Article points out that due to factors such as international law, the United States Constitution, and the Administrative Procedure Act, one cannotjust simply withdraw from an international agreement, such as the Paris Accord, or take back …

The Future Of The Federal Common Law Of Foreign Relations, Ingrid W. Brunk

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

The federal common law of foreign relations has been in decline for decades. The field was built in part on the claim that customary international law is federal common law and in part on the claim that federal judges should displace state law when they conclude that it poses difficul- ties for U.S. foreign relations. Today, however, customary international law is generally applied based upon the implied intentions of Congress, rather than its free-standing status as federal common law, and judicial evaluation of foreign policy problems has largely been replaced by reli- ance upon presidential or congressional action, or by …

Feel The Earth Move – Shifts In The International Dispute Resolution Landscape, Eunice Chua

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This blog post discusses the themes in international dispute resolution that emerged from a panel on 25 July 2018 at the 2018 UNCITRAL Emergence Conference, moderated by Professor Nadja Alexander, CEO of the Singapore International Dispute Resolution Academy.

Regulatory Rationalisation Clauses In Ftas: A Complete Survey Of The Us, Eu, And China, Ching-Fu Lin, Han-Wei Liu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Mechanisms on regulatory coherence or good regulatory practices have emerged as one of the unique features of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in the age of mega-regionalism. Led by the United States, for instance, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (‘TPP’), now known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (‘CPTPP’) introduces a standalone chapter that focuses on the domestic rule-making process. Such design is unique for it goes beyond traditional output-oriented proxies by including a set of input-oriented elements that apply to the rulemaking process of each party, before a regulatory action is taken. These elements, like transparency, public consultation, regulatory …

Undocumented Crime Victims: Unheard, Unnumbered, And Unprotected, Pauline Portillo

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Abstract forthcoming