International Law Commons^™

Force Without Law: Seeking A Legal Justification For The September 1996 U.S. Military Intervention In Iraq, Gavin A. Symes

Michigan Journal of International Law

This note concludes that none of the various legal arguments offered in support of the September 1996 military intervention against Iraq adequately justifies U.S. actions under international law and that in fact international law was never a real concern in planning, implementing, or even justifying the intervention. Part I relates the general history of the "Kurdish problem" and the particulars of the incident under scrutiny. This Part then goes on to describe the aftermath of the intervention and its failure to achieve any of the stated goals of the United States. Part II addresses the general validity under international law …

Between Iraq And A Hard Place: The U.N. Compensation Commission And Its Treatment Of Gulf War Claims, Lea C. Owen

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) was formed in 1991 to address claims against Iraq arising out of the Gulf War. In its seven years of operation, the UNCC has received 2.6 million claims, with an asserted value of more than $244 billion. It has processed 2.4 million of these claims, for a total of $6 billion, and it has paid to victims more than $730 million. Despite these accomplishments, the UNCC has much left to do, and its efforts have been burdened by Iraq's post-war refusal to meet its treaty obligations. The UNCC now faces waning political support from …

The Timor Gap: Who Decides Who Is In Control, Brandi J. Pummell

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Defining And Punishing Abroad: Constitutional Limits On The Extraterritorial Reach Of The Offenses Clause Note, Zephyr Teachout

Faculty Scholarship

The Offenses Clause of the United States Constitution gives Congress the authority to "define and punish... Offences against the Law of Nations." This Note considers whether Congress must conform to the jurisdictional rules of customary international law when legislating pursuant to the Offenses Clause.

Diplomatic Impunity: Time For A Change?, Phil Felice

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Indigenous Peoples And International Law Issues, S. James Anaya

Publications

No abstract provided.

Bolivia And Coca: Law, Policy, And Drug Control, Melanie R. Hallums

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

International drug trafficking looms large in the future of international relations. Although drug production and consumption can no longer be labeled as problems belonging to a few discrete nations, some countries' identities in the international arena are still shaped by their perception as drug-producing nations. Bolivia is one such country. Coca and cocaine have dominated its modern history and will continue to dominate its future. Bolivia's experience, however, is representative of not only other Andean nations' struggles with the drug epidemic, but of the international community's struggle with drug trafficking.

This Note sheds light on the legal tools to address …

The Role Of The United Nations In Dealing With Global Problems, Jost Delbruck

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

In this article, Professor Jost Delbruck maintains that the United Nations

(U.N) has evolved beyond its original conception as merely an international

organization designed to facilitate cooperation between its various Member

States. As evidence of this transformation, Delbruck offers examples of UN.

practice and its impact. In particular, UN. regulation concerning global

commons and human rights has encouraged globalization by confirming

limitations on States' rights and sovereignty. Further, the UN. practice of

involving non-governmental organizations has helped to expand (or globalize)

the recognized subjects of international law.

According to Delbriuck, the UN. has become a global actor with a

meaningful …

International Human Rights Standards On Sexual Violence Against Women As They Apply To Pornography, Claudia Giunta

LLM Theses and Essays

The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing in September 1995, and represented an important step towards the achievement of equality for women. At the Conference, the progress made towards equality was acknowledged, but it was also acknowledged that many goals have not been achieved yet, and that cultural changes of fundamental importance remain to be made. Indeed, in many countries the cultural approach to violence and discrimination against women is quite fatalistic; they believe violence against women cannot be solved by laws. However, this approach overlooks the role played by societies in tolerating practices of …

The Passive Virtues And The World Court: Pro-Dialogic Abstentation By The International Court Of Justice, Antonio F. Perez

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article will describe how the World Court has abstained in a way that not only expresses its commitment to principled government but also implements a coordinate, participation-inducing agenda. The article argues that the most recent jurisprudence of the ICJ manifests an acceleration of this tendency in response not only to the need to conserve judicial resources in light of the increased use of the Court by States, but also, and more significantly, to the enhanced law-making activity of the political organs of the U.N.

Two Centuries Of Participation: Ngos And International Governance, Steve Charnovitz

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article explores the past and present role of NGOs in international governance. Part One reviews the history of NGO involvement, focusing on the period between 1775 and 1949. It shows how NGO activism helped to engender international organizations. Part Two examines some key issues that arise from the expanding involvement of NGOs. It catalogs the pros and cons of an active NGO role, discusses various functions that NGOs fulfill, and lists ten techniques of NGO participation. Part Two also considers a hypothesis that NGO involvement is cyclical.

Peace And The Press: Media Rules During U.N. Peacekeeping Operations, Jennifer Lee

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

In recent years, U.N. peacekeeping operations have become an increasing focus of international military action and media coverage. While the military and the media have maintained a precarious balance in the United States between the military's objective of operational success and the media's call for uncensored reporting, the evolution and growing importance of U.N. peacekeeping offers new considerations to this balance. This Note examines the ability of the United Nations to affect the balance between the military and the media through the implementation of U.N. media rules during peacekeeping operations. This Note begins by reviewing the history of media coverage …

The Issue Of The Legal Validity Of Using Economic Sanctions To Enforce Human Rights, Thomas Hailu

LLM Theses and Essays

The international legal regime as it pertains to human rights is neither as established nor as definitive as it appears. It suffers from many disadvantages, the first and most important of which is the fact that the international legal regime has never been capable of effectively enforcing its rules or instituting appropriate remedies for its breaches. Some states have attempted to make up for this inability on behalf of international law by undertaking an enforcement mechanism either unilaterally or multilaterally; economic sanctions are often regarded as valuable tools of enforcement to be used against countries which are allegedly engaged in …

The Role Of The Organization Of African Unity (Oau) In Regional Conflict Resolution And Dispute Settlement, Peter Mweti Munya

LLM Theses and Essays

The emergence of an artificially constructed modern state with internal contradictions, sophisticated state apparatus, and weaponry, coupled with external forces has made Africa one of the most unstable regions in the world, and peace prospects a daunting task. The post-cold war era punctuated by forces of economic liberalization and dominance of the Breton Woods institutions in the economic management of the developing countries has not only accelerated the economic marginalization of Africa placing her at the fringes of the global economy but also wrought insecurity in their wake. This post-cold war and serves to emphasize the need for the OAU …

Never Again: Questioning The Yugoslav And Rwanda Tribunals, Makau Wa Mutua

Journal Articles

Fifty years after Nuremberg, the international community has again decided to experiment with international war crimes tribunals. The stated purpose for the establishment of both the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals by the United Nations are to “put an end” to serious crimes such as genocide and to “take effective measures to bring to justice the persons who are responsible for them.” This piece argues that both assumptions are unrealistic and that such tribunals will have little or no effect on human rights violations of such enormous barbarity. In addition, this piece questions the motivations behind the formulation of the tribunals …

Women's Rights In International Law, Valerle A. Dormady

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Note contains a detailed review of state responses to the Platform for Action produced at the United Nations' Fourth World Conference on Women. The Author finds that this consensus was reached on most of the proposals outlined in the Platform for Action. Certain proposals, however, regarding reproductive and Inheritance issues, were subject to a great deal of dispute during the drafting of the Platform for Action, and many countries ultimately registered reservations as to these proposals. While the news reports of the Fourth World Conference on Women focused on the lobbying activities of both Islamic countries and Catholic countries, …

People's Rights Or Victim's Rights: Reexamining The Conceptualization Of Indigenous Rights In International Law, Feisal Hussain Naqvi

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The United Nations At Fifty: Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, And Human Right, E.G.H.

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Status Of Women Under International Human Rights Law And The 1995 Un World Conference On Women, Beijing, China, Margaret Plattner

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Peace-Building, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The United Nations And The Promotion And Protection Of The Rights Of Women: How Well Has The Organization Fulfilled Its Responsibility?, Geraldine A. Del Prado

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Norplant And The New Paradigm Of International Population Policy, James G. Connell Iii

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

International Law As A Process, Louis B. Sohn

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It by Rosalyn Higgins

The Role Of The United Nations In The Maintenance Of Peace Before And After The Year Two Thousand, Gabriel M. Wilner, Karri Palmetier, Richard Bilder, Jordan Paust, Larry D. Johnson, William Clontz, Louis B. Sohn, Frederic Kirgis, Danilo Türk, Josef Rohlik, T.P. Sreenivasan, John A. Macinnis, Raymond Sommereyns, Winston Tubman, Ramu Damodaran, Sean Murphy

Conferences and Symposia to 2010

Two-day conference on United Nations held at the University of Georgia School of Law on March 3 and 4, 1995. The conference consisted of three panels ("United States attitudes on the role of the United Nations regarding the maintenance and the restoration of peace," "Global attitudes on the role of the United Nations on the maintenance and restoration of peace," and "The role of the United Nations with respect to the means for accomplishing the maintenance and restoration of peace"). Included dinner remarks by Louis B. Sohn.

Warranties Against Infringement In The Sale Of Goods: A Comparison Of U.C.C. § 2-312(3) And Article 42 Of The U.N. Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods, Joseph J. Schwerha Iv

Michigan Journal of International Law

Gone are the days of simple sales contracts. Today's corporate lawyers must have not only a substantial understanding of basic commercial law, but also of the related intellectual property law. Because of the shrinking global economy, such knowledge must rise to an international level.

Musical Chairs: The Dissolution Of States And Membership In The United Nations, Michael P. Scharf

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Biodiversity Convention: How To Make It Work, Lee A. Kimball

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The Symposium convenors posed the following question: "Is a United Nations convention the most appropriate means to pursue the goal of biodiversity?" In response, the author notes that the Biodiversity Convention does not entail many binding obligations; rather, it provides a management framework from which further detailed action programs may develop. In the context of nonbinding international "soft law," the author advocates the adoption of a series of best practice "menus" for individual industries and sectors of activity, based on a review of existing technical criteria and guidelines. The author recognizes that specialized initiatives pursuant to the regional seas agreements …

The European Bank For Reconstruction And Development And The Post-Cold War Era, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of The Proposed Crime Of Intervention In The Draft Code Of Crimes Against The Peace And Security Of Mankind, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Uncitral Framework For Arbitration In Contemporary Perspective, Alyssa A. Grikscheit

Michigan Law Review

A Review of The UNCITRAL Framework for Arbitration in Contemporary Perspective by Isaak I. Dore