International Law Commons^™

Do Investment Treaties Prescribe A Deferential Standard Of Review, Anna T. Katselas

Michigan Journal of International Law

The dramatic rise in foreign investment in recent decades has brought with it a corresponding increase in the number of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and, in turn, the number of international investment disputes arising under those treaties. Investment treaty arbitration is the predominant method used to settle those disputes and has certain advantages for both foreign investors and host states compared to available alternatives, but it can tread on delicate issues typically within the domaine rieservd of states. The concern about due regard for sovereign interests in this context is far from purely academic. In the past twenty years, the …

Apathy Vis-À-Vis The Un Convention On Contracts For The International Sale Of Goods (Cisg) In The Uk And Two Proposed Strategies For Cisg's Incorporation In The Uk Legal Order, Katerina Georgiadou

Pace International Law Review Online Companion

The 1980 UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG or Convention) is said to have resulted out of a largely global scholarly jurisconsultorium, as it was drawn up in cooperation between scholars from around the globe. In essence, this article will examine the lack of interest and reluctance on behalf of the United Kingdom (UK) to ratify the CISG by considering the initial reactions of the UK towards the CISG, the UK’s isolationist attitude, the fact that CISG is not a legislative priority in the UK, and the objection to ratification based on unreasonable grounds. Furthermore, …

Contractualism In The Law Of Treaties, Omar M. Dajani

Michigan Journal of International Law

When Henry Sumner Maine famously observed that "the movement of the progressive societies has hitherto been a movement from Status to Contract," he was invoking contract not as a device for binding parties to their commitments but, rather, as a metaphor for freedom. That metaphor lies at the heart of what legal scholars have come to call contractualism (or, sometimes, contractarianism)-the idea that people should be free to decide with whom, for what, and on which terms they enter agreements and that the law should minimize the constraints it places on these decisions. It is a proposition rooted in the …

Devil In The Bidding Detail, Lisa E. Sachs, Jacky Mandelbaum, Perrine Toledano

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

In light of the recent boom in natural resource prices, India is one of them many countries facing heightened scrutiny of the allocation and terms of their resource deals. In India, that scrutiny has uncovered a multi-billion dollar controversy over coal block allocations that has gridlocked Parliament. More generally, citizens in resource-producing countries around the world are asking whether the public is getting a fair value for their countries resources, or whether investors and politicians are walking away with the prize. Finally, the important questions are being asked: how should resources be managed to ensure that they benefit the citizenry, …

Leveraging The Mining Industry’S Energy Demand To Improve Host Countries’ Power Infrastructure, Perrine Toledano

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

The initial phase of the Leveraging Mining-Related Infrastructure Investments for Development project consisted of a worldwide survey of regulatory, commercial and operating case studies of shared use of mining-related infrastructure. This Policy Paper delivers the findings for power infrastructure.

Section 4: International Law, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

Supreme Court Preview

No abstract provided.

Piracy Prosecutions In National Courts, Maggie Gardner

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

At least for the time being, the international community must rely on national courts to prosecute modern-day pirates. The first wave of domestic piracy prosecutions suggests, however, that domestic courts have yet to achieve the necessary consistency and expertise in resolving key questions of international law in these cases. This article evaluates how courts trying modern-day pirates have addressed common questions of international law regarding the exercise of universal jurisdiction, the elements of the crime of piracy, and the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. In doing so, it evaluates five decisions issued in 2010 by courts in Kenya, the …

Second-Order Linking Principles: Combining Vertical And Horizontal Modes Of Liability, Jens David Ohlin

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Both the ICTY and the ICC have struggled to combine vertical and horizontal modes of liability. At the ICTY, the question has primarily arisen within the context of ‘leadership-level’ JCEs and how to express their relationship with the Relevant Physical Perpetrators of the crimes. The ICC addressed the is-sue by combining indirect perpetration with co-perpetration to form a new mode of liability known as indirect co-perpetration. The following article argues that these novel combinations — vertical and horizontal modes of liability — cannot be simply asserted; they must be defended at the level of criminal law theory. Unfortunately, courts that …

Price-Fixing: Hefty Penalties On Big-Biz Cartels Will Provide Level Playing Field To Small Businesses, John M. Connor, Robert H. Lande

All Faculty Scholarship

Cartels are illegal in India, as they are almost everywhere. They are subject to heavy fines. Why, then, do businesses frequently try to fix prices? Because doing so usually is profitable. On average cartels raise prices by more than 20%, and probably face less than a 25% chance of being caught and convicted. Based upon a sample of 75 international cartels, the authors calculate that the expected profits from price fixing almost always exceed the penalties. No wonder businesses often try to fix prices.

A Natural Experiment: Asset Manager Liability, Cally Jordan

Faculty Papers & Publications

It is a natural experiment: two highly integrated national economies, sharing a vast continent, a common language and hundreds of years of common experience. They are bound by a free trade agreement which has fostered strong trade flows in goods, services and capital. Yet, in important respects, the structural characteristics of their financial institutions, and the regulatory framework in which they operate, are different, so different in fact, that one country has been crippled for several years now by the global financial crisis and the other has emerged virtually unscathed. The countries, of course, are Canada and the United States. …

Consumer Choice As The Best Way To Describe The Goals Of Competition Law, Robert H. Lande

All Faculty Scholarship

This article is both a short introduction to the Consumer Choice explanation for Competition Law or Antitrust Law, and also a short advocacy piece suggesting that Consumer Choice is the best way to articulate the goals of European Competition Law and United States Antitrust Law.

This article briefly:

1. defines the consumer choice approach to antitrust or competition law and shows how it differs from other approaches;
2. shows that the antitrust statutes and theories of violation embody a concern for optimal levels of consumer choice;
3. shows that the United States antitrust case law embodies a concern for optimal levels of consumer …

The Uyghurs Of China: A Struggle Of Past, Present, And Future, Clinton Parker

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’S Unprecedented Use Of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians., Richard Sollom, Holly G. Atkinson

Publications and Research

The Bahraini government’s response to the early 2011 pro-democracy protests was brutal, systematic, and violent. In addition to birdshot and rubber bullets, government law enforcement attacked unarmed protestors with toxic chemical agents including tear gas. The government’s crackdown on the medical profession was especially harmful, as security forces arrested and detained doctors, raided health facilities, and obstructed patients from receiving necessary care. This report’s findings are based on field research that the authors conducted in Bahrain (April 2012) to investigate excessive use of force by law enforcement officials since June 2011—the end of Bahrain’s state of emergency. The medico-legal team …

Table Of Contents (Volume 88)

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Will-O' -The-Wisp? The Search For Law In Non-International Armed Conflicts, John F. Murphy

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

An Australian Perspective On Non-International Armed Conflict: Afghanistan And East Timor, Rob Mclaughlin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Detention Of Terrorists In The Twenty-First Century, William K. Lietzau

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

The Status Of Opposition Fighters In A Noninternational Armed Conflict, Michael N. Schmitt

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Twenty-First-Century Challenges: The Use Of Military Forces To Combat Criminal Threats, Juan Carlos Gomez

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Full Volume 88: Non-International Armed Conflict In The Twenty-First Century (2012)

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Methods And Means Of Naval Warfare In Non-International Armed Conflict, Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Detention In Non-International Armed Conflicts, Knut Dormann

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Perfidy In Non-International Armed Conflicts, Richard B. Jackson

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Non-International Armed Conflicts In The Phillippines, Raymundo B. Ferrer, Randolph G. Cabangbang

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Concluding Remarks On Non-International Armed Conflicts, Yoram Dinstein

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

War And Peace: Where Is The Divide?, Charles Garraway

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Difference In The Law Of Weaponry When Applied To Non-International Armed Conflict, William Boothby

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

International Enforcement In Non-International Armed Conflict: Searching For Synergy Among Legal Regimes In The Case Of Libya, John Cerone

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Introduction (Volume 88)

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Small Wars: The Legal Challenges, Kenneth Watkin

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.