International Humanitarian Law Commons^™

Democratization In Afghanistan, Chris Rowe

Human Rights & Human Welfare

What determines whether a specific country embarks on the road to democracy, if it completes that voyage successfully, and finally consolidates democratic values, practices, and institutions? Analysts have debated these issues for decades and have identified a number of historical, structural, and cultural variables that help account for the establishment of successful democracies in some countries and its absence in others. Frequently cited prerequisites for democracy include social and economic modernization; a large and vibrant middle class; and cultural norms and values relating to politics.

Human Rights And The War On Terror: Introduction, Jack Donnelly

Human Rights & Human Welfare

War rarely is good for human rights. The decision of the United States to launch a “global war on terror” in response to the suicide airplane bombings in New York and Washington has had predictably negative human rights consequences. In combating a tiny network of violent political extremists, human rights have in various ways, both intentional and unintentional, been restricted, infringed, violated, ignored, and trampled in many countries, sometimes severely.

Chechnya, Kelley Laird

Human Rights & Human Welfare

The root of animosity between Russians and Chechens extends for more than a century, beginning when Chechens opposed Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus between 1818 and 1917. Tension reached an apex in the 1940s when Stalin deported thousands of Chechens to Siberia and East Asia in fear that they would collaborate with German Nazis.

Kathleen J. Hancock On Human Rights: International Protection, Monitoring, Enforcement By Janusz Symonides. Burlington, Vt: Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 416pp., Kathleen J. Hancock

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Human Rights: International Protection, Monitoring, Enforcement by Janusz Symonides. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 416pp.

Armed Conflict, Health And Human Rights, Alex Deraney, Hafsteinn Hafsteinsson

Human Rights & Human Welfare

This section highlights resources with information on health concerns that arise from armed conflict. It examines human rights violations as derived from health issues and the humanitarian efforts to alleviate them. The vast majority of available literature approaches conflict-related healthcare shortfalls in terms of intervention. Literature dealing with armed conflict and health as it applies to human rights is much harder to come by, which indicates the need for additional emphasis in this area.

The Right To Health, Sarah Friedmann

Human Rights & Human Welfare

In the human rights discourse and practice the right to health has been and continues to be a contentious arena. Primarily located within legal frameworks that focus on civil and political rights, the right to health is more frequently being used to challenge abuses of health by invoking social and economic rights, even though this places the right to health on slippery terrain that is not as internationally accepted as civil and political rights.

Matthew S. Weinert On Genocide In Cambodia: Documents From The Trial Of Pol Pot And Ieng Sary Edited By Howard Denike, John Quigley, And Kenneth Robinson. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 559pp., Matthew S. Weinert

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Genocide in Cambodia: Documents from the Trial of Pol Pot and Ieng Sary edited by Howard Denike, John Quigley, and Kenneth Robinson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 559pp.

Things & Ideas: Explaining Moral Evolution In International Relations, Amy Eckert

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention by Neta C. Crawford. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 466pp.

Politics And International Justice In A World Of States, J. Peter Pham

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

War Crimes and Realpolitik: International Justice from World War I to the 21st Century by Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. 267 pp.

Children’S Health And Human Rights, Norie Nogami

Human Rights & Human Welfare

One of the first international attempts to improve the health of children was by Ms.Eglantyne Jebb, a founder of Save the Children, during the aftermath of the WWI. She drafted the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, the first international children’s rights document adopted by the League of Nations in 1924. Today, in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) we have a more comprehensive and near universal legal instrument for children’s rights.

Health Care And Professionals, Monica Fish

Human Rights & Human Welfare

One of the unfortunate truths of the current human rights regime is that it has given rise to an entirely new aid industry. Fortunate as it is that there are willing individuals eager to share their knowledge and expertise with those in need, the group of professional men and women making up the army of humanitarian workers is, perhaps, overextended and under appreciated. One way of helping the next generation of humanitarians to train and prepare for working within a context of human rights is to provide them with the sound analytical research based on research of current human rights …

Health Of Refugees And Internally Displaced Peoples, Leah Persky, Zaravshon Zukhurova

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Refugees and Internally Displaced People’s (IDPs) are extremely vulnerable to human rights abuses, particularly the lack or denial of physical and mental health care. The basic framework of refugee protection has been established and accepted worldwide for more than 50 years. Still, there is still a lack of commitment to respecting the human rights of refugees and providing adequate humanitarian assistance, including health care. Several international conventions and protocols establish the duties of states in terms of treatment of refugees. These include: the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, the Geneva Conventions, the Statute of the Office of …

Matthew S. Weinert On Crimes Against Humanity: The Struggle For Social Justice By Geoffrey Robertson. New York: The New Press, 1999 (Revised 2002). 658pp., Matthew S. Weinert

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Crimes Against Humanity: The Struggle for Social Justice by Geoffrey Robertson. New York: The New Press, 1999 (revised 2002). 658pp.

University Of North Florida Journal: Desmond Tutu, In His Own Words. Spring, 2003, University Of North Florida

UNF Journal

A look at Archbishop Tutu's wisdom and message of peace and education. A university periodical for alumni and friends of the University of North Florida. Date: Spring 2003

Giving Meaning To Economic, Social And Cultural Rights: A Continuing Struggle, Kitty Arambulo

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Giving Meaning to Economic, Social and Cultural Rights edited by Isfahan Merali and Valerie Oosterveld. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights), 2001. 280pp.

The Peace And Security Council Of The African Union: The Known Unknowns, Jeremy I. Levitt

Journal Publications

The protocol establishing the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AUPSC Protocol) will likely come into force in 2004 and will serve as the continent's first continent-wide, regional, collective security system. This article examines how African states chose to evolve the African Union regional collective security system. Particular attention is devoted to the concept of conflict management through military intervention in the AUPSC Protocol and relevant constitutive acts of African regional organizations. The first section analyzes key provisions of the Protocol. The second section contemplates the impact of the Protocol once it enters into force and the main …

Questioning The Universality Of Human Rights, Paul J. Magnarella

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Universal Human Rights? edited by Robert G. Patman. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. 244pp.

and

Dealing with Human Rights: Asian and Western Views on the Value of Human Rights edited by Martha Meijer. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2001. 183pp.

and

The Philosophy of Human Rights by Patrick Hayden. St. Paul: Paragon House, 2001. 686pp.

Beyond The Black Heart: The United States And Human Rights, Daniel J. Whelan

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward edited by David P. Forsythe. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. 404pp.

In Our Own Best Interest: How Defending Human Rights Benefits Us All by William F. Shultz. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001. 235pp.

In the National Interest, 2001: Human Rights Policies for the Bush Administration by the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 2001. 157pp.

Affirming Universal Human Rights, Richard Falk

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (Second Edition) by Jack Donnelly. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. 290 pp.

Waging War For Human Rights: Toward A Moral-Legal Theory Of Humanitarian Intervention, Eric A. Heinze

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention edited by Jonathan Moore. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. 322pp.

Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas edited by J. L. Holzgrefe and Robert O. Keohane. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 350pp.

Trends. Aviation Terrorism's Winning Hand, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses aviation security, terrorism, and the psychology behind pilot motivations for opting out of flying members of the Israeli government to Israel.

Defending The Universality And Timelessness Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights: A View From The ‘Developing’ World, Shaista Shameem

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Human Rights: Concepts, Contests, Contingencies edited by Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. 144pp.

Restorative Justice And Collective Responsibility: Lessons For And From The Rwandan Genocide, Mark A. Drumbl

Scholarly Articles

Genocide struck Rwanda in 1994. Since then, national and international trials have endeavored to promote reconciliation, deterrence, peace, justice, and human rights. This article posits a disconnect between these trials and the attainment of their avowed goals. This disconnect emerges in part from the influential agendas of international lawyers who equate selective criminal prosecution with the "rule of law" and espouse criminal prosecution as the preferred and uniform response to mass atrocity. Creating a presumption in favor of criminal prosecution has dampened the need to explore whether such trials actually are suitable for the particular afflicted society. A socio-legal analysis …

Feeling The Heat Of Human Rights Branding: Bringing Transnational Corporations Within The International Human Rights Fence, Robert Mccorquodale

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Human Rights Standards and the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations edited by Michael K. Addo. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. 384pp.

Capitalizing On Market Reforms: Facets Of Legal Development In Contemporary China, Stefanie Elbern

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Law and Justice in China’s New Marketplace by Ronald C. Keith and Zhiqiu Lin. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 315pp.

and

Profits and Principles: Global Capitalism and Human Rights in China by Michael A. Santoro. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 256pp.

21st-Century Crusades And Demonizing Islam: Commentary On Inderfuth, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article comments on public discourse transmitted through Western-financed mass media that attempts to demonize variants of Islam--e.g., that of the Taliban.

Political Psychology In Yugoslavia: An Overview, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article (with minimal editing by IBPP) has been written by a new IBPP Regional Editor, Natasa Bajic, a psychologist who resides in Serbia. In the article, she provides an overview of political psychology within Yugoslavia.

China’S Cautious Participation In The Un Human Rights Regime, Greg Moore

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of China, the United Nations, and Human Rights: The Limits of Compliance, by Ann Kent. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. 328pp.

When most Western students of human rights and/or international relations think of China, unfortunately they are most likely to think not of the greatness and longevity of Chinese civilization, the goodness of Chinese cuisine, or the grandesse of the Chinese landscape. Rather, they are most likely to think of the Tian’anmen Square incident of 1989 and China’s human rights problems. Considering both the interest and the emotion generated in the West over the issue of human …

Now We Know About Pinochet, But Where Do We Go From Here?, Gerald Robert Pace

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of Chile Under Pinochet: Recovering the Truth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights), 1999. 296pp.

General Augusto Pinochet, who served as military and civil leader of Chile from 1973 until 1990, forged perhaps one of the most authoritarian regimes ever to govern in the Western Hemisphere. Spearheading the violent coup d’état that ousted socialist President Salvador Allende, Pinochet not only achieved power, but also created a personalistic dictatorship bolstered by a military run governmental bureaucracy to secure his rule. And indeed, this combination perpetuated Pinochet’s seventeen-year tenure.

Turks, Armenians, And Genocide: Is Genocide Foreign To Foreign Policy?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes difficulties in forging foreign policy consensus on preventing, attenuating, or intervening to stop genocide.