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Articles 91 - 120 of 154
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
Closing One Loophole And Opening Another: Why Section 271(F) Patent Infringement Should Apply To Method Patents After Cardiac Pacemakers, Michael Silhasek
San Diego Law Review
This Comment will address the applicability of § 271(f) to method patents compared with other patented inventions-machines, manufactures, and compositions of matter. Part II will briefly discuss the primary purpose of the infringement statute, which is to encourage inventive action by granting rights to a patent holder. Part III will discuss the history of § 271(f) and the section's applicability to process patents. The Federal Circuit questioned the section's applicability to method patents, then affirmed it, then questioned it again, and then, most recently, rejected it. Part IV will examine other foreign activity that could lead to domestic infringement. Part …
Public Non-Commercial Use' Compulsory Licensing For Pharmaceutical Drugs In Government Health Care Programs, Pier Deroo
Public Non-Commercial Use' Compulsory Licensing For Pharmaceutical Drugs In Government Health Care Programs, Pier Deroo
Michigan Journal of International Law
Suppose a relatively prosperous nation with universal public health coverage faces an HIV/AIDS crisis. It refuses to negotiate with the patent-holding manufacturers of the best antiretrovirals (ARVs) available, instead issuing compulsory licenses. Compulsory licenses permit the generic drug manufacturers designated in the compulsory licenses to make, use, import, and sell the patented ARVs without the permission of the patent owners, increasing competition and lowering prices. Realizing that drugs are much cheaper without patents, the nation decides to issue another round of compulsory licenses for an extensive list of patented drugs for its universal health care program. While improving public access …
Teva V. Eisai: What's The Real Controversy, Grace Wang
Teva V. Eisai: What's The Real Controversy, Grace Wang
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
This Note examines the changing role of declaratory judgment actions in challenging patents upon generic entry and evaluates alternative regulatory schemes to the FDA's current system of patent enforcement in the drug approval setting. Part I reviews the Federal Circuit's recent decisions regarding generic drug entry, focusing on how the courts justify declaratory judgments in the current system and when a "controversy" exists to create Article III jurisdiction. Part II examines the complex system of regulating generic drug entry and how attempts to stop the exploitation of loopholes have resulted in a patchwork of regulation by various parties. It challenges …
Strength Of The International Trade Commission As A Patent Venue, Christopher A. Cotropia
Strength Of The International Trade Commission As A Patent Venue, Christopher A. Cotropia
Law Faculty Publications
The data suggests that the ITC is here to stay and almost all patent enforcement actions will take place, at least in part, in the ITC. The landscape of patent enforcement has permanently changed, and the ITC is a solid part of it. This Article reaches these conclusions by first, in Part I, describing the unique features of the ITC that make it a favored venue of patentees. Part II describes the Federal Circuit's decision in Kyocera and the various postulates as to its impact. Part III describes the study, the specific data obtained, and the results. Part IV analyzes …
A Penguin's Defense Of The Doctrine Of Equivalents, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
A Penguin's Defense Of The Doctrine Of Equivalents, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
Law Faculty Publications
There is no dearth of commentary about the doctrine of equivalents in patent law. Many articles proclaim the doctrine's death, often noting its passage with unbridled delight. Some articles provide empirical evidence to support the assertion that the doctrine of equivalents is dead. Others simply yearn for the doctrine to fade from use, pointing out that no court has "articulated a convincing rationale" for the doctrine's continued use. But maybe these scholars have it wrong. It may be true that the instances of doctrine of equivalents analysis in patent cases are on the decline and successful outcomes based on the …
Particularizing Patent Pleading: Pleading Patent Infringement In A Post-Twombly World, Jonathan L. Moore
Particularizing Patent Pleading: Pleading Patent Infringement In A Post-Twombly World, Jonathan L. Moore
Law Student Publications
The Supreme Court's recent jurisprudence has reinvigorated the role of pleading in civil litigation. As a result, in order to survive a motion to dismiss, plaintiffs must now include more detailed allegations that demonstrate a plausible entitlement to relief. This article examines how these changes interact with the pleading requirements for patent infringement litigation. In recent years, the number of patent infringement lawsuits has increased dramatically, in part because of lax notice pleading requirements. This patent litigation explosion imposes exorbitant costs on defendants and has a detrimental effect on innovation. As courts begin to apply the new plausibility pleading regime, …
Patenting By Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study, Ted Sichelman, Stuart J.H. Graham
Patenting By Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study, Ted Sichelman, Stuart J.H. Graham
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
[T]he Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation--an organization that studies and promotes entrepreneurship in the United States--funded an effort at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, to undertake the first comprehensive survey of the relationship between patenting and entrepreneurship in the United States. The authors, along with other investigators, administered the survey in 2008 to approximately 15,000 startup and early-stage companies in the biotechnology, medical device, information technology (IT) hardware, and software and Internet sectors. A portion of the survey examined why entrepreneurs, startups, and early-stage companies do (and do not) seek patents. This Article reports and analyzes results from …
Unveiling The Distinction Between The University And Its Academic Researchers: Lessons For Patent Infringement And University Technology Transfer, Jennifer Carter-Johnson
Unveiling The Distinction Between The University And Its Academic Researchers: Lessons For Patent Infringement And University Technology Transfer, Jennifer Carter-Johnson
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
This Article explores the idea that a faculty member acting in the role of an academic researcher in the scientific disciplines should be viewed in the context of patent law as an autonomous entity within the university rather than as an agent of the university. The structure of the university laboratory within the university and the social norms associated with the activities that members of the research laboratory conduct supports such a view. Additionally, the data from the implementation of the Bayh-Dole Act reveal that universities and faculty scientists have different goals and motivations regarding the transfer of new technology …
An "Absence Of Meaningful Appellate Review": Juries And Patent Obviousness, Theresa Weisenberger
An "Absence Of Meaningful Appellate Review": Juries And Patent Obviousness, Theresa Weisenberger
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
The rise in the number of patent infringement trials heard by juries has brought criticisms of the jury's expansive role to the forefront of patent law commentary. Under current Federal Circuit practice, the jury is permitted to deliver a verdict on patent obviousness. Especially in light of the 2007 Supreme Court decision KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., the role of the jury in obviousness determinations has come under particular scrutiny. This Note examines the effect of the jury's expansive role in obviousness determinations on appellate review of these verdicts. It begins by examining the two conflicting views of the …
Willful Patent Infringement After In Re Seagate: Just What Is "Objectively Reckless" Infringement?, Randy R. Micheletti
Willful Patent Infringement After In Re Seagate: Just What Is "Objectively Reckless" Infringement?, Randy R. Micheletti
Chicago-Kent Law Review
Recently the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit dramatically change the rules for proving willful patent infringement—and justifying enhanced damages—in In re Seagate Technology. A patentee alleging willful infringement must now first prove "by clear and convincing evidence that the infringer acted despite an objectively high likelihood that its actions constituted infringement of a valid patent." He must then show that the objectively defined risk was "either known or so obvious that it should have been known to the accused infringer." The court expressly delegated substantive development of the new test to future cases. Because district …
In Re Seagate: Effects And Future Development Of Willful Patent Infringement, Christopher Ryan Lanks
In Re Seagate: Effects And Future Development Of Willful Patent Infringement, Christopher Ryan Lanks
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Patent Law In The Global Economy: A Modest Proposal For U.S. Patent Law And Infringement Without Borders, Dariush Keyhani
Patent Law In The Global Economy: A Modest Proposal For U.S. Patent Law And Infringement Without Borders, Dariush Keyhani
Villanova Law Review (1956 - )
No abstract provided.
Copying In Patent Law, Christopher A. Cotropia
Copying In Patent Law, Christopher A. Cotropia
Law Faculty Publications
Patent law is virtually alone in intellectual property (IP) in punishing independent development. To infringe a copyright or trade secret, defendants must copy the protected IP from the plaintiff, directly or indirectly. But patent infringement requires only that the defendant's product falls within the scope of the patent claims. Not only doesn't the defendant need to intend to infringe, but the defendant may be entirely unaware of the patent or the patentee and still face liability. Nonetheless, copying does play a role in some subsidiary patent doctrines, including damages rules, willfulness, and obviousness. More significantly, the rhetoric of patent law …
Inequitable Conduct: A Standard In Motion., Benjamin Brown
Inequitable Conduct: A Standard In Motion., Benjamin Brown
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Hiding Behind Reciprocity: The Temporary Presence Exception And Patent Infringement Avoidance, Jonas Anderson
Hiding Behind Reciprocity: The Temporary Presence Exception And Patent Infringement Avoidance, Jonas Anderson
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
The temporary presence exception provides vessels engaged in international transport with a defense to patent infringement when traveling outside of the vessel’s home nation. The exception was adopted internationally and added to the Paris Convention in an effort to (1) minimize the costs associated with transporting between various countries with distinct national patent systems and (2) eliminate international tensions arising from charges of patent infringement when in foreign lands. Although the modern enactments of the temporary presence exception further these goals, this article argues that the exception is overbroad. Specifically, this article argues that the exception’s reciprocity requirement, in concert …
Re-Evaluating Declaratory Judgment Jurisdiction In Intellectual Property Disputes, Lorelei Ritchie De Larena
Re-Evaluating Declaratory Judgment Jurisdiction In Intellectual Property Disputes, Lorelei Ritchie De Larena
Indiana Law Journal
The Declaratory Judgment Act of 1934 was quickly tagged by the US. Supreme Court as a simple procedural measure. That said, the addition of the declaratory judgment option has dramatically increased the rights of would-be defendants. This is of special interest in patent law, where without the ability to initiate legal action, an alleged infringer would typically have no recourse but to either drop a lucrative business and lose a massive investment, or to languish in legal limbo while potentially accruing liability for treble damages. The option of a mirror-image lawsuit removes the patentee's ability to decide unilaterally when, where-and, …
Inequitable Conduct Inequitably Inferred: When Do Patent Applicants' Actions Intend To Deceive?, Chris Henry
Inequitable Conduct Inequitably Inferred: When Do Patent Applicants' Actions Intend To Deceive?, Chris Henry
Washington and Lee Law Review
No abstract provided.
Hiding Behind Nationality: The Temporary Presence Exception And Patent Infringement Avoidance, J. Jonas Anderson
Hiding Behind Nationality: The Temporary Presence Exception And Patent Infringement Avoidance, J. Jonas Anderson
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
This Article argues that the temporary presence exception was not designed to allow conveyance owners the ability to select the most optimal patent system under which to be subject. It also examines the ramifications of the temporary presence exception on international commerce and concludes that increased use of the exception may result in reduced values for patents relating to international conveyances, reduced incentives to invest in and develop technologies in international conveyances, and a decrease in the quality of various domestic patent systems worldwide. Finally, this Article proposes a solution to these problems. The temporary presence exception has received some …
Ip Litigation In The 21st Century, Michael H. Baniak, Daniel A. Boehnen, Jeanne Gills, Binal J. Patel
Ip Litigation In The 21st Century, Michael H. Baniak, Daniel A. Boehnen, Jeanne Gills, Binal J. Patel
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
No abstract provided.
Pharma's Nonobvious Problem, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Pharma's Nonobvious Problem, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
This Article considers the effect of the recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc. on the nonobviousness standard for patentability as applied to pharmaceutical patents. By calling for an expansive and flexible analysis and disapproving of the use of rigid formulas in evaluating an invention for obviousness, KSR may appear to make it easier for generic competitors to challenge the validity of drug patents. But an examination of the Federal Circuit's nonobviousness jurisprudence in the context of such challenges reveals that the Federal Circuit has been employing all along the sort of flexible …
Under Construction: Towards A More Deferential Standard Of Review In Claim Construction Cases, Jeffrey Peabody
Under Construction: Towards A More Deferential Standard Of Review In Claim Construction Cases, Jeffrey Peabody
Maurer Student Articles
No abstract provided.
Our Uniform Patent System, Clarisa Long
Our Uniform Patent System, Clarisa Long
Faculty Scholarship
Patent reform arouses passions among the affected industries, whether they are plaintiffs or defendants, willing users or unwilling participants in the patent system. The key question, therefore, is: How should we structure the patent system in order to best promote innovation in the U.S. economy?
The Government Giveth, And The Government Taketh Away: Patents, Takings, And 28 U.S.C. § 1498, Justin Torres
The Government Giveth, And The Government Taketh Away: Patents, Takings, And 28 U.S.C. § 1498, Justin Torres
ExpressO
The argument over whether patents are protected by the Fifth Amendment’s Takings Clause has largely been confined to normative grounds. To the extent that these arguments reference the 1910 Patent Act, the statute that enables patentees to recover “reasonable and entire” compensation for infringement by the government (later codified as 28 U.S.C. § 1498), they conclude that the provision adds little to the argument. And in Zoltek Corp. v. United States, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit determined that the very existence of § 1498 indicates that there is no Fifth Amendment claim for patent infringement, since an …
Contractual Expansion Of The Scope Of Patent Infringement Through Field-Of-Use Licensing, Mark R. Patterson
Contractual Expansion Of The Scope Of Patent Infringement Through Field-Of-Use Licensing, Mark R. Patterson
Faculty Scholarship
Patentees sometimes license their inventions through field-of-use licenses, which permit licensees to use the inventions, but only in specified ways. Field-of-use licensing is often procompetitive, because the ability to provide different licensing terms for different users can encourage broader licensing of inventions. But in recent United States cases, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals and lower courts have upheld field-of-use licenses prohibiting activities that licensees would otherwise have been permitted by patent law, such as the repair and resale of patented products. The recent cases rely on the Federal Circuit's decision in Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc., where the court …
Compulsory Patent Licensing: Is It A Viable Solution In The United States, Carol M. Nielsen, Michael R. Samardzija
Compulsory Patent Licensing: Is It A Viable Solution In The United States, Carol M. Nielsen, Michael R. Samardzija
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, so do the number of patents that cover every aspect of making, using, and selling these innovations. In 1996, to compound the rapid change of technology, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that business methods are also patentable. Hence in the current environment, scores of patents, assigned to many different parties, may cover a single electronic device or software--making it increasingly impossible to manufacture an electronic device without receiving a cease and desist letter or other notice from a patentee demanding a large royalty or threatening an injunction. Companies, particularly those in …
Mgm V. Grokster: Adopting Patent Law's Active Inducement Doctrine And Shifting The Focus To Actions Of Alleged Indirect Infringers, Kristine Grigorian
Mgm V. Grokster: Adopting Patent Law's Active Inducement Doctrine And Shifting The Focus To Actions Of Alleged Indirect Infringers, Kristine Grigorian
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Merck Kgaa V. Integra Lifesciences I Ltd.: How Broad Can You Go? The Supreme Court Makes Room For Preclinical Research In The Drug Price Competition And Patent Term Restoration Act's Safe Harbor Provision, Lauren B. Willis
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Why Pharmaceutical Firms Support Patent Trolls: The Disparate Impact Of Ebay V. Mercexchange On Innovation, Jeremiah S. Helm
Why Pharmaceutical Firms Support Patent Trolls: The Disparate Impact Of Ebay V. Mercexchange On Innovation, Jeremiah S. Helm
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
Before the unanimous decision in eBay v. MercExchange, patent holders were almost always granted an injunction against an infringer. In fact, the Federal Circuit, in deciding eBay, noted that, upon a finding of infringement, an injunction would issue unless there were extraordinary circumstances. The Court, in a brief opinion, disagreed with the Federal Circuit and explained that the injunction issue in a patent case must be analyzed under the traditional four-factor test.[...] Is the four-factor test fairer or better than the Federal Circuit's near-automatic injunction rule? It is certainly more difficult to administer a factor test as compared to a …
Outsourcing The Fire Of Genius: The Effects Of Patent Infringement Jurisprudence On Pharmaceutical Drug Development, Katherine A. Helm
Outsourcing The Fire Of Genius: The Effects Of Patent Infringement Jurisprudence On Pharmaceutical Drug Development, Katherine A. Helm
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Patent Law Decisions Of The Federal Circuit, Sasha Mayergoyz, Michael F. Harte, David Mckone, Amanda J. Hollis, Peter Moore, Jennifer L. Travers
Patent Law Decisions Of The Federal Circuit, Sasha Mayergoyz, Michael F. Harte, David Mckone, Amanda J. Hollis, Peter Moore, Jennifer L. Travers
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.