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Intellectual Property Law Commons™

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Intellectual property

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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 1576

Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law

What Has Happened Since Chakrabarty, Jane M. Marciniszyn Jan 1988

What Has Happened Since Chakrabarty, Jane M. Marciniszyn

Journal of Law and Health

It is conventional wisdom that the patent system is designed to undergrid the investment in pushing technology forward. The patent system is innovation-oriented. And (sic) it functions most effectively in the expensive, breakthrough technologies, where uncertainties of success or payback abound. If, in assessing the risk of commitment, the penalties of failure outweigh the prizes of success, the prudent money will go elsewhere. The patent system moves the equation to the right, not by better assuring success (for only public needs and market values can do that), but by aiding success through offering the innovator a temporary respite from non-innovative …

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Intellectual Property Rights And The Gatt: United States Goals In The Uruguay Round, Mark L. Damschroder Jan 1988

Intellectual Property Rights And The Gatt: United States Goals In The Uruguay Round, Mark L. Damschroder

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The pursuit of protection of IP rights is a valuable goal both for the United States and the rest of the world community. Such rights promote creativity and the advancement of knowledge, as well as fuel the domestic economy and improve the position of the United States vis-a-vis the other trading nations of the world. With the growing interdependence of the global economy, there is no time like the present to lay the foundation for a system of dispute settlement of such trade matters. Economic interdependence will continue to increase, and the problems of international trade in, and piracy of, …

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Computer Software Copyright Infringement: The Second Generation, Jeffrey A. Berkowitz Jan 1987

Computer Software Copyright Infringement: The Second Generation, Jeffrey A. Berkowitz

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Copyright Protection For Architectural Works, David E. Shipley Apr 1986

Copyright Protection For Architectural Works, David E. Shipley

Scholarly Works

Architecture is the most commonly experienced and pervasive of all the arts. The creative efforts of architects culminate in structures used for shelter, pleasure, business, entertainment, and transportation.1 Architects express their design concepts in sketches, elevations, floor plans, working drawings, specifications, renditions, and three-dimensional models. Their labors in shaping the ideas for a building from rough conceptions into plans and then into completed structures are similar to the efforts of other creators. An architect is as much an author as is a sculptor or a dramatist. His plans, renditions, and the resulting structure will ordinarily show originality and will reflect …

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The Trademark Counterfeiting Act Of 1984: A Sensible Legislative Response To The Ills Of Commercial Counterfeiting, Brian J. Kearney Jan 1986

The Trademark Counterfeiting Act Of 1984: A Sensible Legislative Response To The Ills Of Commercial Counterfeiting, Brian J. Kearney

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This student note explores the recently passed Trademark Counterfeit Act of 1984, viewing it in the context of ever-growing counterfeiting of commercial, agricultural, and aeronautical trademarks. The author examines the history of US trademark regulation, beginning with the Lanham Act of 1946, and then predicts the effects the 1984 Act will have on commercial practice, antitrust law, the sale of goods on the "gray market," and due process implications. The author concludes that though ex parte remedies will be necessary to maintain trademark practices, the 1984 Act does not represent any sort of infringement on due process or commercial practice, …

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Sovereign Immunity: The Exception For Intellectual Or Industrial Property, Virginia Morris Jan 1986

Sovereign Immunity: The Exception For Intellectual Or Industrial Property, Virginia Morris

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The doctrine of sovereign or state immunity exempts a state and its property from the judicial jurisdiction of any other state. The domestic courts of various nations have developed this doctrine over the years through cases in which private citizens have attempted to sue foreign states. Courts' enunciations of the principle of state immunity and their reasons for granting or denying the immunity are almost as numerous as the countries whose courts have faced this issue. The current work of the International Law Commission (the Commission) on the codification and the progressive development of the jurisdictional immunities of states and …

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Note On The Four Faces Of The "Sharing Benefits" Issue With Handwritten - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Dec 1985

Note On The Four Faces Of The "Sharing Benefits" Issue With Handwritten - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

Any overall theory must first be capable of describing what it seeks to theorize about. This article will now do that. In giving a taxonomy, the article may be making its greatest contribution, Lockean theory will hardly be the last world in intellectual property unification theory. But I will have at lest set the terms for debate so we can finally speak clearly to each other, articulate the issues, see their implications.

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Outline Of Green Bound - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Nov 1985

Outline Of Green Bound - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

No abstract provided.

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Notes On "Natural Property Rights" In Products Of The Mind: Lock And Contemporary Controversies In Intellectual Property - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Aug 1985

Notes On "Natural Property Rights" In Products Of The Mind: Lock And Contemporary Controversies In Intellectual Property - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

No abstract provided.

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Notes On Natural Rights Of Intellectual Property - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Aug 1985

Notes On Natural Rights Of Intellectual Property - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

In many areas courts are giving new intellectual property rights for reasons they largely leave unarticulated. Noncopyrightable stock averages are being protected by state law. Merchandising emblems and symbols are being protected in non-trademark contexts by trademark law. The right of publicity has expanded to such an extent that judges and commentators al iKe bewail the imminent dangers to the First Amendment caused by the imprecision of the new right’s boundaries. Even in federal copyright law, which explicitly says that facts and ideas should be free of protection, and where inadvertent copying is supposed to be as actionable as intentional …

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Outline Of New Organization - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Outline Of New Organization - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

No abstract provided.

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Notes On Nomenclature - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Notes On Nomenclature - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

The ordinary linkage between "property" and "thing" can be seen in the most common name given to the set of intellectual products. They are called "intellectual property."

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Notes On Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Notes On Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

At first blush, the creation of i/p seems to meet this test of Locke’s proviso, namely, that strangers cannot complain of the ownership if after the appropriation, “there was as good left, as that already possessed, and more than he knew what to do with, or his industry could reach to.” There would seem to be a nearly infinite store of possible melodies, poems, novels, ideas; granting ownership over one variant which has been reduced to expression by a creator wouldn’t seem to interfere with the stranger’s ability to create his own.

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Outline Of Desert Theory - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Outline Of Desert Theory - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

Locke suggests that a covetous stranger has no justification to complain of another’s taking possession and ownership of land if, after the owner’s appropriation, “there was as good left, as that already possessed, and more than he [the potential complainer] knew what to do with, or his industry could reach to.”

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Outline Of Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Outline Of Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

In seeking to understand what lies behind the court's apparent eagerness to grant property in intellectual products, a helpful starting place would seem to be the labour theory of property found in Locke's SECOND TREATIES OF GOVERNMENT. Speaking most generally, the theory suggests that a person who successfully uses his to her efforts to make useful those things which no one else has used or claimed may be rewarded with ownership of the things. The common law has long used a simpler variant of such a principle, awarding ownership to those who take possession of unclaimed physical resources. Creators of …

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Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Desert Theory: The No-Harm Notion - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

One has no right to complain about another’s appropriation of a plot of land. But we live interdependent lives today. If X were given a property right to pollute, Y might have quite a lot to complain about. If what we are looking for is conditions under which strangers have no right to complain about property being granted, then it would seem appropriate to broaden the proviso a bit and say, the stranger has no right to complain so long as he’s not harmed by the grant of property.

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Notes On Demarcation And Other Issues - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1985

Notes On Demarcation And Other Issues - 1985, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

Not only is there a problem with demarking the resource (e.g., the problem of larger and larger generality that Hand tries to deal with) but there's also a problem with demarking the TYPE OF USE. In DOW JONES, for example, the defendant was merely making reference to (not copying)the average; ditto the NFL case.

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Parallel Importation--Legitimate Goods Or Trademark Infringement?, W. Weldon Wilson Jan 1985

Parallel Importation--Legitimate Goods Or Trademark Infringement?, W. Weldon Wilson

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Conflicts in interpretations of section 42 of the Lanham Act and section 526 of the Tariff Act of 1930 have led to divergent results in several federal courts. Although advocates on each side of the controversy present valid arguments supporting their positions, the dispute should be resolved by analyzing the purpose of the Lanham Act and the Tariff Act. The goal of these acts is protection of consumers and United States industry. Strict application of these statutes would achieve this result. Parallel imports provide goods at lower prices but confuse the consumer as to the origin of the goods and …

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The Validity Of The Manufacturing Clause Of The United States Copyright Code As Challenged By Trade Partners And Copyright Owners, Annette V. Tucker Jan 1985

The Validity Of The Manufacturing Clause Of The United States Copyright Code As Challenged By Trade Partners And Copyright Owners, Annette V. Tucker

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Trade treaty partners recently have determined that the manufacturing clause violates United States obligations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). If the clause does violate GATT, sanctions may be imposed unless the clause is eliminated. Even so, two bills have been introduced in the United States Congress to make the clause a permanent feature of the copyright law, and to apply the manufacturing requirement to all printed materials. Meanwhile, a group of United States publishers and authors is challenging the clause in court, claiming it violates both the first and fifth amendments to the United States Constitution. …

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Renewal Of The Gsp: An Explanation Of The Program And Changes Made By The 1984 Legislation, Frank A. Hirsch, Jr. Jan 1985

Renewal Of The Gsp: An Explanation Of The Program And Changes Made By The 1984 Legislation, Frank A. Hirsch, Jr.

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Note outlines the purpose, scope and operation of the GSP from 1976 until 1984. Both the initial authorizing legislation and the 1984 Trade Act are analyzed. The 1979 modifications made in the Trade Agreement Act are briefly discussed where they are relevant. The 1984 Trade Act changes are detailed, with commentary on the manner in which the renewed GSP differs materially from prior law, and with discussion of the underlying policies and significance of the changes. The Note concludes with comments on the diverse objectives of the United States GSP scheme, its evolving nature, and prospects for continuation of …

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High Technology, The Human Image, And Constitutional Value, Patrick L. Baude Jan 1985

High Technology, The Human Image, And Constitutional Value, Patrick L. Baude

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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Note On Singer's The Legal Rights Debate In Analytical Jurisprudence From Betham To Hohfeld - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon Dec 1984

Note On Singer's The Legal Rights Debate In Analytical Jurisprudence From Betham To Hohfeld - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

The economic realm is the area in which these sorts of privileges are most obviously to be found; it is in the economic realm that the evidence of "damnum absque injuria" began to accumulate, leading Homes, Salmond and others to recognize that the legal system did sometimes allow persons to inflict harm on others.

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A Common Law For The Ages Of Intellectual Property, Dan Rosen Sep 1984

A Common Law For The Ages Of Intellectual Property, Dan Rosen

University of Miami Law Review

This Article maintains that the rapid pace of technological advances requires that courts take an activist posture in intellectual property cases by updating the Copyright Act and the Patent Law instead of awaiting congressional response.

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Note On Caselaw Showing The “Property” Issue - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1984

Note On Caselaw Showing The “Property” Issue - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

The "misappropriation as property" issue has surfaced in Lanham Act

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Outline Of Issues Key: Revised Version - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1984

Outline Of Issues Key: Revised Version - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

No abstract provided.

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Note On Individualized V Particularized Entitlement Inquiries - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1984

Note On Individualized V Particularized Entitlement Inquiries - 1984, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

My analysis now looks something like this: Some entitlements should be "prima facie" protectible from invasion. That means that there are some entitlements which the owner should be able to protect even if he or she is unable to prove (a) that protection is in the net social interest or (b) that the invader's action is deserving of punishment. I would call these entitlements "property".

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Copyright And The Art Museum, Marshall A. Leaffer, Rhoda L. Berkowitz Jan 1984

Copyright And The Art Museum, Marshall A. Leaffer, Rhoda L. Berkowitz

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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Notes Re Betamax - 1982, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1982

Notes Re Betamax - 1982, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

There's a lot of misunderstanding of by BX article. Some simplifying things: There are three types of "market failure" in copyright. The first inheres in the nonexhaustibil ity of the good; barring a right to post-dissemination control against copying, goods may be underproduced because potential users will refuse to pay for access, figuring they can get access to a friend's copy later for free or at lower cost than the creator would charoe. Thus. relying only o~ the physical control which lets i creato~ charge for the "first look", will (except where the look wont' make copying possible- the trade …

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Abstract Of Gift Failure Versus Market Failure - 1982, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1982

Abstract Of Gift Failure Versus Market Failure - 1982, Wendy J. Gordon

Scholarship Chronologically

Gifts and gift exchanges can serve a combination of economic, personal, social, and humanitarian ends. This article explores how intellectual products are unusually capable of serving these ends through gift relations, and suggests ways in which the law can assist in this process.

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Fair Use As Market Failure: A Structural And Economic Analysis Of The Betamax Case And Its Predecessors, Wendy J. Gordon Jan 1982

Fair Use As Market Failure: A Structural And Economic Analysis Of The Betamax Case And Its Predecessors, Wendy J. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

In the recent and much publicized Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America (Betamax) case, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that persons who make videotapes of copyrighted television programs in the privacy of their homes should be considered to be copyright infringers. Basic to the court's reasoning was a misunderstanding of the "fair use" doctrine. Called "the most troublesome [doctrine] in the whole law of copyright," "fair use" renders noninfringing certain uses of copyrighted material that might technically violate the statute, but which do not violate the statute's basic purposes.

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