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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1569
Full-Text Articles in Intellectual Property Law
Trademark Intersectionality , Sonia K. Katyal
Trademark Intersectionality , Sonia K. Katyal
Faculty Scholarship
Even though most scholars and judges treat intellectual property law as a predominantly content neutral phenomenon, trademark law contains a statutory provision, Section 2(a) that provides for the cancellation of marks that are “disparaging,” “immoral,” or “scandalous,” a provision that has raised intrinsically powerful constitutional concerns. The constitutional tensions surrounding Section 2(a), invariably, affect two central metaphors that are at war within trademark law: the marketplace of goods, which premises itself on the fixedness of intellectual properties, and the marketplace of ideas, which is premised on the very fluidity of language itself. Since the architecture of trademark law focuses only …
Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory Of Harm, Mark P. Mckenna
Testing Modern Trademark Law's Theory Of Harm, Mark P. Mckenna
Journal Articles
Modern scholarship takes a decidedly negative view of trademark law. Commentators rail against doctrinal innovations like dilution and initial interest confusion. They clamor for clearer and broader defenses. And they plead for greater First Amendment scrutiny of various applications of trademark law. But beneath all of this criticism lies overwhelming agreement that consumer confusion is harmful. This easy acceptance of the harmfulness of confusion is a problem because it operates at too high a level of generality, ignoring important differences between types of relationships about which consumers might be confused. Failure to differentiate between these different relationships has enabled trademark …
Information May Want To Be Free, But Information Products Do Not: Protecting And Facilitating Transactions In Information Products, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
Information May Want To Be Free, But Information Products Do Not: Protecting And Facilitating Transactions In Information Products, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga
Law Faculty Publications
Information products-products that are used to organize, provide context, and distribute information-have gone largely unprotected by intellectual property regimes. As a result, producers of information products, such as databases and software, have resorted to alternative mechanisms to protect their investments. These mechanisms have resulted in both over-protection and under-protection of the information products. Further, the uncertainty in the boundaries of coverage, coupled with the resort to self-help mechanisms, may well inhibit, rather than facilitate, information flow. What is needed is a sui generis protection scheme for information products that clearly defines the boundaries and protection requirements for these works and …
Convergence And Incongruence: Trademark Law And Icann's Introduction Of New Generic Top-Level Domains, Christine Haight Farley
Convergence And Incongruence: Trademark Law And Icann's Introduction Of New Generic Top-Level Domains, Christine Haight Farley
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This paper demonstrates how problematic convergences between Internet technology, the demands of a burgeoning e-market and trademark laws have created myriad issues in international governance of domain names. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the body that governs internet's infrastructure, recently approved a new policy that would allow it to accept applications for additional generic top-level domains (gTLDs). What ICANN contemplates is a uniform system to approve generic top level domains that is expected to have profound implications. Under this new plan anyone can apply for a new gTLD at any time and it could be literally …
Medimmune V. Genentec, Kelly Casey Mullally, Gregory Castanias, Franklin E. Gibbs
Medimmune V. Genentec, Kelly Casey Mullally, Gregory Castanias, Franklin E. Gibbs
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Patents Are Property: A Fundamental But Important Concept, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau
Patents Are Property: A Fundamental But Important Concept, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Ebay V. Mercexchange And Quanta Computer V. Lg Electronics, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau, F. Scott Kieff, Lawrence M. Sung, Thomas Woolston
Ebay V. Mercexchange And Quanta Computer V. Lg Electronics, Andrew Beckerman-Rodau, F. Scott Kieff, Lawrence M. Sung, Thomas Woolston
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
In The Wake Of Reinvigorated U.S. Supreme Court Activity In Patent Appeals, Lawrence M. Sung
In The Wake Of Reinvigorated U.S. Supreme Court Activity In Patent Appeals, Lawrence M. Sung
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Conversations With Renowned Professors On The Future Of Copyright, James Boyle, Elizabeth Townsend Gard
Conversations With Renowned Professors On The Future Of Copyright, James Boyle, Elizabeth Townsend Gard
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Critical Commentary On 'Open Source' In The Life Sciences, Arti K. Rai
Critical Commentary On 'Open Source' In The Life Sciences, Arti K. Rai
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Andean Tribunal Of Justice And Its Interlocutors: Understanding Preliminary Reference Patterns In The Andean Community, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter
The Andean Tribunal Of Justice And Its Interlocutors: Understanding Preliminary Reference Patterns In The Andean Community, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter
Faculty Scholarship
In the European Union, national courts have been key intermediaries in helping to bolster and expand the authority of the European Court of Justice through its preliminary reference mechanism. This article analyzes the role of national judges in the Andean Community, a regional legal system whose judicial institution - the Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ) - was modeled directly on its European predecessor. Our analysis is based on an original coding of every publically available national court referral to the ATJ from 1987 to 2007 and interviews with over forty participants in the Andean legal system. We find that the …
Intellectual Property In The Twenty-First Century: Will The Developing Countries Lead Or Follow?, Jerome H. Reichman
Intellectual Property In The Twenty-First Century: Will The Developing Countries Lead Or Follow?, Jerome H. Reichman
Faculty Scholarship
This article continues the author's contributions on the subject of intellectual property protection in developing countries, and focuses on how those developing countries with growing technological prowess should accommodate their own national systems of innovation to the worldwide intellectual property regime emerging in the post-TRIPS period, with a view to maximizing global economic welfare in the foreseeable future.
Rethinking The Role Of Clinical Trial Data In International Intellectual Property Law: The Case For A Public Goods Approach, Jerome H. Reichman
Rethinking The Role Of Clinical Trial Data In International Intellectual Property Law: The Case For A Public Goods Approach, Jerome H. Reichman
Faculty Scholarship
This article is a later version of the author's presentation at the Eleventh Annual Honorable Helen Wilson Nies Memorial Lecture March 26, 2008. Clinical trials are currently used to test drugs; however, the risk and cost of clinical trials are increasing so drastically that the clinical trials may become unsustainable. This article evaluates the legal and economic trends of intellectual property protection for pharmaceutical clinical trial data. The protection of clinical trials has become an alternative to patents as market exclusivity encourages the development and testing of unpatentable pharmaceuticals. This author argues that clinical trials should be treated as a …
Of Patents And Property, James Bessen, Michael J. Meurer
Of Patents And Property, James Bessen, Michael J. Meurer
Faculty Scholarship
Do patents behave substantially like property rights in tangible assets, in that they encourage development and innovation? This article notes that historical evidence, cross-country evidence, economic experiments, and estimates of net benefits all indicate that general property rights institutions have a substantial direct effect on economic growth. Conversely, with a few important exceptions like chemicals and pharmaceuticals, empirical evidence indicates that intellectual property rights have at best only a weak and indirect effect on economic growth. Further, it appears that for public firms in most industries today, patents may actually discourage investment in innovation for fear of winding up on …
Trespass-Copyright Parallels And The Harm-Benefit Distinction, Wendy J. Gordon
Trespass-Copyright Parallels And The Harm-Benefit Distinction, Wendy J. Gordon
Faculty Scholarship
Currently, the elements of a plaintiff’s cause of action for copyright largely follow the tort of trespass to land in that volitional entry (for land) or volitional copying (for copyright) gives rise to liability regardless of proof of harm and without any need for the plaintiff to prove the defendant acted unreasonably. Many scholars have criticized copyright law for following the strict liability model of real property trespass, and have suggested alternatives that would more resemble conditional causes of action such as unfair competition, nuisance, or negligence. In Foreseeability and Copyright Incentives, Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh argues that copyright plaintiffs …
Keynote Lecture For Harmless Boundary Crossings: Their Role In Comparative Institutional Analysis - 2008, Wendy J. Gordon
Keynote Lecture For Harmless Boundary Crossings: Their Role In Comparative Institutional Analysis - 2008, Wendy J. Gordon
Scholarship Chronologically
One of the things that unifies many of the scholars in IP generally, and in this room in particular, is an interest in what you might call noncommercial models cooperative sharing, peer-to-peer creativity-a yearning for a different kind of life, perhaps, one that's less commercial, more focused on dialogues, both democratic and personal, and a mode of life that emphasizes the process and product of work rather than its monetary payoff. We all know from the work of Teresa Amabile and Alfie Cohen and our own experience that if you are keeping your eye on a monetary goal or getting …
Law's Complexity: A Primer, J.B. Ruhl
Law's Complexity: A Primer, J.B. Ruhl
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The legal system. It rolls easily off the tongues of lawyers like a single word - the legal system - as if we all know what it means. But what is the legal system? How does it behave? What are its boundaries? What is its input and output? How will it look in one year? In ten years? How should we use it to make change in some other aspect of social life? Why do answers to these questions make the legal system seem so complex? Would assembling a cogent, descriptively accurate theory of what makes the legal system complex …
Intellectual Property Piracy: Perception And Reality In China, The United States, And Elsewhere, Aaron Schwabach
Intellectual Property Piracy: Perception And Reality In China, The United States, And Elsewhere, Aaron Schwabach
Law Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Level Of Skill And Long-Felt Need: Notes On A Forgotten Future, Joe Miller
Level Of Skill And Long-Felt Need: Notes On A Forgotten Future, Joe Miller
Scholarly Works
The Supreme Court's KSR decision transforms the way we think about patent law's ordinary artisan. The ordinary artisan, the Supreme Court states, is also a person of ordinary creativity, not an automaton. This transformation, which sweeps aside a contrary precept that had informed the Federal Circuit's nonobviousness jurisprudence for a generation, raises a key question: How do we fill out the rest of our conception, in a given case, of the ordinary artisan's level of skill at the time the invention was made? Reaching back to a large vein of case law typified by Judge Learned Hand's decisions about nonobviousness, …
Internet Packet Sniffing And Its Impact On The Network Neutrality Debate And The Balance Of Power Between Intellectual Property Creators And Consumers, Rob Frieden
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Intellectual Property And Americana, Or Why Ip Gets The Blues, Michael J. Madison
Intellectual Property And Americana, Or Why Ip Gets The Blues, Michael J. Madison
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Addressing Default Trends In Patent-Based Section 337 Proceedings In The United States International Trade Commission, John C. Evans
Addressing Default Trends In Patent-Based Section 337 Proceedings In The United States International Trade Commission, John C. Evans
Michigan Law Review
Section 337 of the Tarif Act of 1930 empowers the United States International Trade Commission to investigate imports to ensure imports do not infringe on U.S. trademarks. The Commission permits patent, copyright, and trademark owners to notify the Commission of possibly infringing imports and to obtain exclusion orders that prevent importation of products that infringe their intellectual property. The total number of investigations increased from 1996 to 2005, yet the proportion of respondent defaults rose as well. The increase in defaults suggests there is some systemic difficulty in ensuring full participation. This Note argues that the res judicata effects of …
Viewing Virtual Property Ownership Through The Lens Of Innovation, Ryan G. Vacca
Viewing Virtual Property Ownership Through The Lens Of Innovation, Ryan G. Vacca
Law Faculty Scholarship
Over the past several years scholars have wrestled with how property rights in items created in virtual worlds should be conceptualized. Regardless of how the property is conceptualized and what property theory best fits, most agree the law ought to recognize virtual property as property and vest someone with those rights.
Indigenous Rights To Traditional Knowledge And Cultural Expressions: Implementing The Millennium Development Goals, Valerie J. Phillips
Indigenous Rights To Traditional Knowledge And Cultural Expressions: Implementing The Millennium Development Goals, Valerie J. Phillips
Intercultural Human Rights Law Review
"Indigenous Rights to Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions: Implementing The Millenium Development Goals" Reflections on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions by Valerie J. Phillips, Assistant Professor of Law at University of Tulsa College of Law.
Intellectual Property And Traditional Cultural Expressions: A Synopsis Of Current Issues, Molly Torsen
Intellectual Property And Traditional Cultural Expressions: A Synopsis Of Current Issues, Molly Torsen
Intercultural Human Rights Law Review
In the context of copyright law, this article will lay out the differences between Berne Convention tenets and the ideals of a prospective TCE-based legal instrument. It will then go on to outline and comment on current sui generis laws and other approaches that incorporate various aspects of existing Western laws. The TCE topic is highly sensitive and does not cover a homogeneous set of interests. As such, a one-size-fits-all instrument may be very difficult, if not impossible, to distill. The international discussion, at the very least, brings these issues under scrutiny and encourages debate as to a wide range …
Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge And Folklore: Work On Related Ip Matters In The Wto, Hannu Wager
Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge And Folklore: Work On Related Ip Matters In The Wto, Hannu Wager
Intercultural Human Rights Law Review
Issues related to biodiversity, traditional knowledge and folklore have received increasing attention in the global intellectual property (IP) arena, including in the work of intergovernmental organizations and civil society. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the forums in which the debate on related IP matters is occurring. Other intergovernmental organizations in which such debates are taking place include, among others, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank, and various United Nations human rights bodies. This …
Sampling: Musical Authorship Out Of Tune With The Purpose Of The Copyright Regime, Rahmiel D. Rothenberg
Sampling: Musical Authorship Out Of Tune With The Purpose Of The Copyright Regime, Rahmiel D. Rothenberg
St. Thomas Law Review
While the present debate over the practice of sampling may seem to be just a minuscule footnote in the evolution of copyright law, the legal battle that sampling is presently engaged in illuminates many of the future, and ongoing, issues that copyright law faces. One of those major issues is whether copyright law embraces the true nature of creation and authorship. An individual's view on the nature of authorship essentially frames his or her opinion on the legitimacy of creative forms built upon appropriation, such as sampling. This article asserts that there are two legitimate forms of authorship: romantic and …
Fair Circumvention, Timothy K. Armstrong
Fair Circumvention, Timothy K. Armstrong
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
Judicial decisions construing the key liability provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 17 U.S.C. - 1201, cluster around two incompatible poles. One set of decisions construes the DMCA's liability provisions broadly, emphasizing the need to prevent possible copyright infringement and limit the public availability of tools that may be used to infringe. Other cases construe the same language narrowly, stressing the avoidance of anticompetitive market distortions. Both sets of decisions insist that their interpretation is commanded by the literal text of the DMCA. A closer look, however, reveals that both sides have overstated the support they may plausibly …
Filtering, Piracy Surveillance And Disobedience , Sonia K. Katyal
Filtering, Piracy Surveillance And Disobedience , Sonia K. Katyal
Faculty Scholarship
There has always been a cyclical relationship between the prevention of piracy and the protection of civil liberties. While civil liberties advocates previously warned about the aggressive nature of copyright protection initiatives, more recently, a number of major players in the music industry have eventually ceded to less direct forms of control over consumer behavior. As more aggressive forms of consumer control, like litigation, have receded, we have also seen a rise in more passive forms of consumer surveillance. Moreover, even as technology has developed more perfect means for filtering and surveillance over online piracy, a number of major players …
Google And Fair Use, Jonathan Band
Google And Fair Use, Jonathan Band
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.