Intellectual Property Law Commons^™

Table Of Contents

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

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Battleground Between New And Old Orders: Control Conflicts Between Copyright And Personal Data Protection, Margaret Ann Wilkinson

Law Publications

This book brings together contributions from reputed experts on Canadian intellectual property law which highlight its special features. Situated at the crossroads between legal traditions in Europe and the United States, Canada’s intellectual property laws blend various elements from these regions and can offer innovative approaches. The chapters focus primarily on patents, trademarks, and copyrights, covering both historical and contemporary developments. They are designed to bring perspective and reflection upon what has become in recent years a very rich intellectual property environment.

In this book, reputed experts highlight the special features of Canadian intellectual property law. Situated at the crossroads …

Pathways To Patents: Applying The Written Description Requirement Doctrine To Patents On Biological Pathways, Shengfeng Chen

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Research tool and "research-through" patents have become increasing concerns in recent years, particularly in pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields. In response to the impacts of these patents, courts have responded with a series of judicial decisions, and attempted to regulate these patents using the written description doctrine. However, these decisions have been confusing and inconsistent. After an examination of the Federal Circuit's written description jurisprudence and scholastic responses to these decisions, this article proposes a new standard of meeting the written description requirement to provide a workable solution for regulating research tool and "research-through" patents.

Signaling New Barriers: Implications Of The Wipo Broadcasting Treaty For Public Use Of Information, Lisa Mak

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Since November 1998, the Standing Committee on Copyright Related Rights of the World Intellectual Property Organization has been drafting a new Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organizations that would provide copyright-like protection to broadcasting entities in signatory countries. As currently drafted, it would introduce a new layer of intellectual property rights that would be separate from, and in addition to, the rights of copyright holders. If implemented in the United States, the Treaty would represent a substantial shift from the norms and traditions of U.S. copyright law. This note will analyze how the Treaty might negatively impact the public's …

Restricting Access To Books On The Internet: Some Unanticipated Effects Of Us Copyright Legislation, Paul A. David, Jared Rubin

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

It is today a commonplace observation that the technical possibilities of accessing enormous global resources of cultural and scientific information have been and are continuing to be greatly [...] One manifestation of the trend towards the strengthening of copyright protection that has been noticeable during the past two decades is the secular extension of the potential duration during which access to copyrightable materials remains legally restricted. Those restrictions carry clear implications for the current and prospective costs to readers seeking 'on-line' availability of the affected content in digital form, via the Internet. This paper undertakes to quantify one aspect of …

Justice Breyer's Bicycle And The Ignored Elephant Of Patent Exhaustion: An Avoidable Collision In Quanta V. Lge, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 245 (2008), John W. Osborne

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The Supreme Court held in United States v. Univis Lens Co. that the authorized disposition of an article embodying the essential features of a patent claim exhausts that claim. The Federal Circuit’s LGE v. Bizcom decision, currently under review by the Supreme Court in Quanta v. LGE, improperly held that patent exhaustion could be disclaimed by contract. Patent exhaustion is a limitation on statutory rights which cannot be expanded by contract. Moreover, Quanta v. LGE is governed by the contributory infringement statute. Contributory infringement and exhaustion are opposite ends of the same principle in the Quanta v. LGE factual scenario. …

Duty To Disclose: Dayco Products V. Total Containment, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 325 (2008), Tom Brody

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The duty to disclose, as set forth by 37 C.F.R. § 1.56 and case law from the Federal Circuit, should be followed during the prosecution of all patent applications. This duty requires that inventors and their attorneys provide the United States Patent and Trademark Office with a list identifying relevant publications, patent applications, patents, legal proceedings, written rejections from patent examiners, and sales, both public and confidential. “Relevant” means relevant to the claims. The consequences of failing in this duty can be severe, namely, a holding of inequitable conduct. Inequitable conduct, in the patenting context, requires two prongs—materiality of the …

Three Questions That Will Make You Rethink The U.S.-China Intellectual Property Debate, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 412 (2008), Peter K. Yu

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Commentators have attributed China’s piracy and counterfeiting problems to the lack of political will on the part of Chinese authorities. They have also cited the many political, social, economic, cultural, judicial, and technological problems that have arisen as a result of the country’s rapid economic transformation and accession to the WTO. This provocative essay advances a third explanation. It argues that the failure to resolve piracy and counterfeiting problems in China can be partly attributed to the lack of political will on the part of U.S. policymakers and the American public to put intellectual property protection at the very top …

The Paradox Of Confucian Determinism: Tracking The Root Causes Of Intellectual Property Rights Problem In China, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 454 (2008), Wei Shi

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

This article attempts to track China’s intellectual property rights (“IPR”) enforcement problem through exploring its fundamental institutional defects that fuels impunity of, or at least fails instilling an ethos hostile to, IPR infringements. By examining China’s philosophical and institutional predisposition, this article argues that counterfeiting and piracy are not problems caused by the Confucian ethics, as the conventional wisdom underscores, but rather, among other things, a unique political phenomenon resulting from the systemic dystrophy fundamental to the institutional development. This article concludes that, to a large extent, the IPR enforcement problems in China are attributed to its unique bureaucracy characterized …

A Comparison Between The Judicial And Administrative Routes To Enforce Intellectual Property Rights In China, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 529 (2008), Jeffery M. Duncan, Michelle A. Sherwood, Yuanlin Shen

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Over the past two decades, a sophisticated intellectual property law system has developed in support of China’s transition to economic superpower. In today’s global economy, it is crucial that international marketers understand how to navigate this new system to best protect their intellectual property rights. China allows for two distinct procedures by which intellectual property assets may be protected, one judicial and the other administrative. Each choice holds distinct advantages and disadvantages for a party seeking to enforce its rights. Making the best choice involves familiarization with the particulars of each procedure and gauging the likelihood of a successful outcome. …

Ksr And Standards Of Inventive Step: A European View, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 14 (2008), Paul Cole

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The United States Supreme Court decision in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. raises many questions, most importantly, how the test for obviousness applied in the United States (“U.S.”) now compares with that applied in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and by the European Patent Office (“EPO”). In seeking to answer those questions, this article explores the history of obviousness and the tests for inventive step in the United States, the U.K. and the European Patent Office. A comparison of the United States Patent and Trademark Office and EPO examination guidelines, suggests that it would have been a good idea to …

Intellectual Property Enforcement: A Reality Gap (Insufficient Assistance, Ineffective Implementation)?, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 47 (2008), Timothy P. Trainer

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The World Trade Organization’s (“WTO”) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS”) promised to standardize world-wide intellectual property rights (“IPR”) enforcement procedures, and thus, facilitate trade and commerce between member nations. However, the TRIPS implementation transition of many less developed and developing nations has resulted in a much lower IPR enforcement standard than the drafters of TRIPS envisioned. This, coupled with increased world-wide trade in counterfeit goods, has created friction between the developing nations with lower IPR enforcement and the developed nations with higher IPR enforcement. Consequently, many nations, including the United States, have entered into Free Trade …

Sampling: Musical Authorship Out Of Tune With The Purpose Of The Copyright Regime, Rahmiel D. Rothenberg

St. Thomas Law Review

While the present debate over the practice of sampling may seem to be just a minuscule footnote in the evolution of copyright law, the legal battle that sampling is presently engaged in illuminates many of the future, and ongoing, issues that copyright law faces. One of those major issues is whether copyright law embraces the true nature of creation and authorship. An individual's view on the nature of authorship essentially frames his or her opinion on the legitimacy of creative forms built upon appropriation, such as sampling. This article asserts that there are two legitimate forms of authorship: romantic and …

Fair Circumvention, Timothy K. Armstrong

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

Judicial decisions construing the key liability provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 17 U.S.C. - 1201, cluster around two incompatible poles. One set of decisions construes the DMCA's liability provisions broadly, emphasizing the need to prevent possible copyright infringement and limit the public availability of tools that may be used to infringe. Other cases construe the same language narrowly, stressing the avoidance of anticompetitive market distortions. Both sets of decisions insist that their interpretation is commanded by the literal text of the DMCA. A closer look, however, reveals that both sides have overstated the support they may plausibly …

Code Of Best Practices In Fair Use For Online Video, Peter A. Jaszi, Patricia Aufderheide

Copyright, Fair Use & Open Access

Until the release of these best practices, anyone uploading a video ran the risk of becoming inadvertently entangled in an industry skirmish, as media companies struggle to keep their programs from circulating on the internet. This document is a code of best practices created by a collaborative team of media scholars and lawyers, to help creators, online providers, copyright holders, and others interested in the making of online video, interpret the copyright doctrine of fair use in online video. The code identifies, among other things, six kinds of unlicensed uses of copyrighted material that may be considered fair, under certain …

Presentation: Naming The Unnamed: Intellectual Property Rights Of Women Artists From India, Ruchira Goswani, Karubakee Nandi

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Live Alienation: One Super-Promoter Eliminates Competition, Concert Fans Pay The Price, And The Sherman Act Waits In The Wings, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 527 (2008), Laura C. Howard

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

All Rights Reserved: Does Google's "Image Search" Infringe Vested Exclusive Rights Granted Under The Copyright Law?, 41 J. Marshall L. Rev. 487 (2008), Eugene Goryunov

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

First Things First: A Principled Approach To Patent Administrative Law, 42 J. Marshall L. Rev. 29 (2008), Kali Murray

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Tactics And Terms In The Negotiation Of Electronic Resource Licenses, Kincaid C. Brown

Law Librarian Scholarship

This chapter introduces the reader to the realm of electronic resource license agreements. It provides the reader with an overview of basic contract law as it relates to electronic resource licensing. The chapter then discusses the electronic resource license negotiation process as well as license agreement term clauses. The aim of this chapter is to provide librarians with an understanding of basic licensing concepts and language in order to aid librarians in the review and negotiation of their own license agreements. The author hopes to impart lessons and tips he has learned in reviewing and negotiating license agreements with a …

What If Seeds Were Not Patentable?, Elizabeth I. Winston

Scholarly Articles

In 2001, the United States Supreme Court held that seeds were patentable subject matter - a decision, I assert, of much discussion and little impact. Protection of agricultural intellectual property through private ordering, used both to expand the protection available through public ordering and to circumvent the restrictions public ordering places on owners of intellectual property, has provided the incentives necessary to promote investment and innovation in seeds. It has not been the patentability of seeds that has led to agricultural advances, but rather the profitability of licensing agricultural intellectual property. What if seeds were not patentable? So what if …

Geographical Indications In China: Why Protect Gis With Both Trademark And Oac-Type Legislation?, Bradley M. Bashaw

Washington International Law Journal

Geographical indications identify the place of origin of a good and signify a distinctive quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the good that is essentially attributable to that geographic source. Besides serving as source-identifiers and guarantees of quality, they are valuable business interests. Consequently, World Trade Organization members are required to afford them protection under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Signatories are free to choose the legal means by which they comply with TRIPS. While a few states rely solely on unfair competition law to meet their obligations, most primarily rely on either trademark law …

Where's The Beef? Why Burger King Is Hungry Jack's In Australia And Other Complications In Building A Global Franchise Brand, Andrew Terry, Heather Forrest

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The territorial nature of trademark law and the lack of a single universal registration system present challenges to franchisors and other brand proprietors expanding operations beyond the home market in which intellectual property rights have been secured. International treaties such as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ("TRIPS"), the Madrid Agreement, and the Madrid Protocol have attracted worldwide support and made significant inroads towards harmonization of trademark registrability criteria and the administration of the registration process. However, intellectual property rights are, by their very nature, rights granted by …

Authors And Readers: Conceptualizing Authorship In Copyright Law, Alina Ng

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Copyright law recognizes authors as the first owners of copyright. However, there is paucity in literature in copyright analysis of the author and the rights which should be granted by virtue of the very act of creativity in the production of literary and artistic works. This indicates insufficient attention paid to a concept that is so central to a law that primarily aims to encourage authorship for society's benefit. The idea of the author and authorship as a creative process is central to copyright analysis. Deeper analysis of the author and creative authorship will provide insights into how the law …

Greenberg V. National Geographic Society: The Eleventh Circuit Clarifies The Privileged Revision Doctrine Of The Copyright Act, Joseph Siprut

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This case comment discusses the landmark decision of the Eleventh Circuit, Greenberg v. National Geographic Society, in which the court clarified the privileged revision doctrine of the Copyright Act. This case comment specifically discusses the many implications resulting from this decision and navigates the reader through the current doctrinal landscape pertaining to privileged revisions of published works under Section 201(c) of the Copyright Act. Unlike existing commentary pieces announcing the result of this case, this piece examines the underlying legal doctrines and complicated procedural backstory to the case because of the extensive research gathered from copies of unpublished opinions and …

Keeping The Internet Neutral: Net Neutrality And Its Role In Protecting Political Expression On The Internet, Jennifer L. Newman

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

In Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court found that discussion of public issues and debate on the qualifications of candidates is essential to the operation of the U.S. government. The Internet has become an important medium of political communication and this can arguably be attributed to its open nature and the large amount of control afforded to its users in selecting content. This note suggests that Congress must create proper regulations to ensure protection of political expression on the Internet. While discussing the two competing lobbying campaigns, net neutrality and net competition, this note ultimately promotes legislation currently pending in …

Social Networking And Sexual Predators: The Case For Self-Regulation, Sander J. C. Van Der Heide

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The proliferation of social networking as a means of communicating and organizing online social relationships has created fora for sexual predation, cyberbullying, and harassment. Increasingly, minors are joining social networks, like MySpace and Facebook, which raise several legal and moral issues regarding the obligations and duties social networking sites have to their users. This note provides a history of social networking sites and the dangers associated with their use. After examining various common law and statutory attempts to regulate social networking sites, this note concludes that because of immunity under the Communications Decency Act and the impractibility of regulating the …

The "Reasonable Plant" Test: When Progress Outruns The Constitution, Max Oppenheimer

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Vol. Vi, Tab 38 - Ex. 35 - Rosetta Stone Dtc (Direct To Consumer) Report 2008, Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone v. Google (Joint Appendix)

Exhibits from the un-sealed joint appendix for Rosetta Stone Ltd., v. Google Inc., No. 10-2007, on appeal to the 4th Circuit. Issue presented: Under the Lanham Act, does the use of trademarked terms in keyword advertising result in infringement when there is evidence of actual confusion?

Vol. Vi, Tab 38 - Ex. 34 - Rosetta Stone Competitive Analysis, Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone v. Google (Joint Appendix)

Exhibits from the un-sealed joint appendix for Rosetta Stone Ltd., v. Google Inc., No. 10-2007, on appeal to the 4th Circuit. Issue presented: Under the Lanham Act, does the use of trademarked terms in keyword advertising result in infringement when there is evidence of actual confusion?