Intellectual Property Law Commons^™

Mapping The Scholarly Communication Landscape: 2019 Census, Katherine Skinner

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This report documents the design, methods, results, and recommendations of the 2019 Census of Scholarly Communication Infrastructure Providers (SCIP), a Census produced by the “Mapping the Scholarly Communication Infrastructure” project team (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Middlebury College, 2018-19). The SCIP Census was created to document key components comprising the organizational, business, and technical apparatuses of a broad range of Scholarly Communication Resources (SCRs) – the tools, services, and systems that are instrumental to the publishing and distribution of the scholarly record. Using Community Cultivation – A Field Guide (Educopia, 2018) as a framework, we designed a Conceptual Model detailing the …

Open Scholarship And The Need For Collective Action, Knowledge Exchange, Cameron Neylon,, Rene Belsø,, Magchiel Bijsterbosch, Bas Cordewener, Jérôme Foncel, Sascha Friesike, Aileen Fyfe, Neil Jacobs, Matthias Katerbow, Mikael Laakso, Laurents Sesink

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The aim of this book is to enhance community understanding of the mechanisms and processes that can enable Open Scholarship to reach its full potential. The book is the result of a Knowledge Exchange (KE) (knowledge-exchange.info/about-us) activity to explore the economy of Open Scholarship across six European countries (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK) and beyond.

Many of the challenges in navigating the transition to Open Scholarship are economic, either in the sense of being directly financial, or in the sense of being related to incentives. We therefore focus on the economic arena. Our conclusion is that …

Fractional Authorship & Publication Productivity, Kate Gasson, Rachel Herbert, Alex Ponsford

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Authors divide their research output across publications, contributing via research collaborations

The trend is for authors to produce more publications per year (increased fractionalization) but for the overall number of publications per author to decrease

We suggest that the effort required to participate in research collaborations is a factor in the decrease in publications per author

Are authors collaborating more in response to the pressure to publish?

Growth in the number of scholarly publications each year has been well documented (e.g., Bornmann & Mutz, 2015, Figure 1). But how has that growth been achieved? Is it purely due to increasing …

From Coalition To Commons: Plan S And The Future Of Scholarly Communication, Rob Johnson

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Abstract

The announcement of Plan S in September 2018 triggered a wide-ranging debate over how best to accelerate the shift to open access. The Plan’s ten principles represent a call for the creation of an intellectual commons, to be brought into being through collective action by funders and managed through regulated market mechanisms. As it gathers both momentum and critics, the coalition must grapple with questions of equity, efficiency and sustainability. The work of Elinor Ostrom has shown that successful management of the commons frequently relies on polycentricity and adaptive governance. The Plan S principles must therefore function as …

The Global Disinformation Order: 2019 Global Inventory Of Organised Social Media Manipulation, Samantha Bradshaw, Philip N. Howard

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Executive Summary

Over the past three years, we have monitored the global organization of social media manipulation by governments and political parties. Our 2019 report analyses the trends of computational propaganda and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources.

1. Evidence of organized social media manipulation campaigns which have taken place in 70 countries, up from 48 countries in 2018 and 28 countries in 2017. In each country, there is at least one political party or government agency using social media to shape public attitudes domestically.

2.Social media has become co-opted by many authoritarian regimes. In 26 countries, computational propaganda …

Academic Special Collections And The Myths Of Copyright, Teresa Auch Schultz, Dana Miller

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This study compares the copyright and use policy statements posted on the websites of the special collections of Association of Research Libraries member libraries. In spring 2018, 99 academic special collections websites were viewed, and data was collected based on the following: 1) presence and content of a general copyright statement; 2) mention of copyright owners besides the special collections; 3) presence and accuracy of statements regarding fair use and public domain; 4) policies for patron-made copies; 5) whether the special collections required its permission and/or the copyright owner’s permission to publish; 6) whether any use or license fees were …

Harmonization And Interoperability Of Metadata Schemes Used At The National Autonomous University Of Mexico (Unam) Repositories: The Iibiunam Repository And / Y Armonización E Interoperabilidad De Los Esquemas De Metadatos Utilizados En Repositorios De La Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (Unam): El Repositorio Iibi-Unam, Filiberto Felipe Martínez Arellano, Noel Perea Reyes, Dante Ortiz Ancona, Juan Miguel Palma Peña

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English

As a result of the Open Access (OA) movement, it is undeniable that all over the world there are many completed and ongoing projects of institutional repositories (IR) as a new alternative for scientific communication. IR facilitate access to research outputs, i.e. articles, books, book chapters, theses and dissertations, among other publications. The creation of IR has been widely promoted in Mexico and Latin America. The Institute of Research on Library Science and Information [Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información, IIBI], as one of the 59 research institutes of the National Autonomous University of Mexico [Universidad Nacional …

Ifla Library Publishing Special Interest Group Action Plan 2019-2020, Ifla Sig Library Publishing

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The 2019-2020 action plan for the newly-created International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Special Interest Group on Library Publishing (IFLA SIG LP). Includes information about strategic directions, key initiatives, funding needs, and ways to measure outputs.

United States Department Of Defense Scientific Integrity Policy

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US DOD SIP

A Grand Challenges-Based Research Agenda For Scholarly Communication And Information Science [Mit Grand Challenge Pubpub Participation Platform], Micah Altman, Chris Bourg

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Identifying Grand Challenges

A global and multidisciplinary community of stakeholders came together in March 2018 to identify, scope, and prioritize a common vision for specific grand research challenges related to the fields of information science and scholarly communications. The participants included domain researchers in academia, practitioners, and those who are aiming to democratize scholarship. An explicit goal of the summit was to identify research needs related to barriers in the development of scalable, interoperable, socially beneficial, and equitable systems for scholarly information; and to explore the development of non-market approaches to governing the scholarly knowledge ecosystem.

To spur discussion and …

Annual Report Fy 2018, Office Of Scholarly Communications, University Of Nebraska–Lincoln Libraries, Paul Royster, Sue Ann Gardner, Margaret Mering, Linnea Fredrickson

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Highlights include hosting the ACRL Scholarly Communications Roadshow, joining the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Link-out program, the Gerald Hodges Intellectual Freedom Chapter Relations Award from the American Library Association, institutional repository deposits and traffic, journals published, Zea Books published, conferences, presentations, publications, staffing notes, and student workers.

Relx Referral To Eu Competition Authority, Jonathan Tennant, Björn Brembs

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We believe that Elsevier and other major publishers are continuing to engage in anti-competitive practices, which are continuously worsening, and that information gained in the last 15 years urges immediate investigation and intervention into this unregulated market space. This could be, for example, through an empirical analysis of the scholarly publishing market; by having an independent regulatory body monitoring and overseeing the digital services provided by Elsevier and others within the industry; banning the use of non-disclosure clauses in licensing contracts; requiring transparency into the production costs of research articles and publishing operations; banning the use of inappropriate journal-level metrics …

Library Publishing Directory 2019, Library Publishing Coalition, Melanie Schlosser, Alexandra Hoff, Jessica Kirschner, Janet Swatscheno, Robert Browder, Tom Bielavitz

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Contents: Introduction vii * Library Publishing Coalition Committees xi *

LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA * Abilene Christian University * American Theological Library Association * Asbury Theological Seminary * Ball State University * Bates College * Boston College * Brigham Young University * Butler University * California State University, Northridge * Claremont Colleges Library * Colby College * Columbia University * Dartmouth College * Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University * Florida Atlantic University * Florida International University * Florida State University * George Mason University * Georgetown University * Georgia Gwinnett College * Grand Valley State University * Gustavus Adolphus …

Data Integration And Analysis System (Dias) As A Platform For Data And Model Integration: Cases In The Field Of Water Resources Management And Disaster Risk Reduction, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Petra Koudelova, Katsunori Tamakawa, Asanobu Kitamoto, Eiji Ikoma, Koji Ikeuchi, Ryosuke Shibasaki, Masaru Kitsuregawa, Tosho Koike

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The development of data and model integration platforms has furthered scientific inquiry and helped to solve pressing social and environmental problems. While several e-infrastructure platforms have been developed, the concept of data and model integration remains obscure, and these platforms have produced few firm results. This article investigates data and model integration on the Data Integration and Analysis System (DIAS) platform, using three case projects from water-related fields. We provide concrete examples of data and model integration by analyzing the data transfer and analysis process, and demonstrate what platform functions are needed to promote the advantages of data and model …

Facilitating And Improving Environmental Research Data Repository Interoperability, Corinna Gries, Amber Budden, Christine Laney, Margaret O’Brien, Mark Servilla, Wade Sheldon, Kristin Vanderbilt, Dave Vieglais

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Environmental research data repositories provide much needed services for data preservation and data dissemination to diverse communities with domain specific or programmatic data needs and standards. Due to independent development these repositories serve their communities well, but were developed with different technologies, data models and using different ontologies. Hence, the effectiveness and efficiency of these services can be vastly improved if repositories work together adhering to a shared community platform that focuses on the implementation of agreed upon standards and best practices for curation and dissemination of data. Such a community platform drives forward the convergence of technologies and practices …

Open Access At Mit And Beyond: A White Paper Of The Mit Ad Hoc Task Force On Open Access To Mit’S Research, Katharine Dunn, Hal Abelson, Chris Bourg, Ellen Finnie

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MIT researchers, students, and staff have long valued and put into action MIT’s mission to generate and disseminate knowledge by openly and freely sharing research and educational materials. Indeed, the Institute has been at the forefront of the sharing culture: MIT launched OpenCourseWare (OCW), a free webbased publication of virtually all MIT course content in 2001; in 2002 released DSpace, an open-source platform for managing research materials and publications co-created by MIT Libraries staff; and adopted the first campus-wide faculty open access (OA) policy in the US in 2009.

Convening an open access task force was one of the 10 …

The Rent’S Too High: Self-Archive For Fair Online Publication Costs, Robert Thibault, Amanda Macpherson, Stevan Harnad, Amir Raz

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The main contributors of scientific knowledge—researchers—generally aim to disseminate their findings far and wide. And yet, publishing companies have largely kept these findings behind a paywall. With digital publication technology markedly reducing cost, this enduring wall seems disproportionate and unjustified; moreover, it has sparked a topical exchange concerning how to modernize academic publishing. This discussion, however, seems to focus on how to compensate major publishers for providing open access through a pay-to-publish model, in turn transferring financial burdens from libraries to authors and their funders. Large publishing companies, including Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, PLoS, and Frontiers, continue to earn exorbitant …

University Of Nebraska-Lincoln Digitalcommons: Statistical Report, August 2018, Deeann Allison, Paul Royster, Sue Ann Gardner, Margaret Mering, Linnea Fredrickson

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To: Deeann Allison, Director, Media & Repository Services, UNL Libraries

I am pleased to transmit the following statistics report on the UNL DigitalCommons, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu

The DigitalCommons is the “institutional repository” for UNL. It’s function is to gather the intellectual output of the university for online public access. It was established in 2005, and now holds 99,000 papers, making it the 3rd largest in the United States, trailing only the University of California system (190,000) and the University of Michigan (120,000). It recently surpassed 50 million downloads, and is the nation’s current leader in that category. Alexa.com reports that the repository …

Digital Legal Deposit In Selected Jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, China, Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, Peter Roudik, Kelly Buchanan, Tariq Tariq Ahmad, Laney Zhang, Nerses Isajanyan, Nicolas Boring, Jenny Gesley, Ruth Levush, Dante Figueroa, Sayuri Umeda, Elin Hofverberg, Graciela Rodriguez-Ferrand, Clare Feikert-Ahalt

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Comparative Summary by Peter Roudik, Assistant Law Librarian of Congress for Legal Research (United States)

This report, prepared by the staff of the Global Legal Research Directorate of the Law Library of Congress, surveys laws regulating the mandatory legal deposit of electronic materials. Fifteen countries representing different approaches to collecting, describing, preserving, and storing digital and non-print documents and providing access to them are included in the study. (See map, below.) These countries were selected because of their long-term experience with collecting online and offline electronic publications. Each country survey provides information on the history of edeposit programs in the …

Operas White Paper: Open Access Business Models, Lara Speicher, Margo Bargheer, Maciej Maryl, Sven Fund, Max Mosterd, Frances Pinter, Lorenzo Armando, Irakleitos Souyioultzoglou, Martin Paul Eve, Delfim Leão

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The white paper on Business Models for Open Access proposes that there is no single ideal business model for Open Access that can be adopted as standard. It describes the current landscape in which there are multiple approaches to OA publishing, many of which are adopted by OPERAS members to suit their particular circumstances, although the APC and BPC models still predominate especially among commercial publishers. The paper describes the business models adopted by members both from the point of view of publishers, and of service providers such as Knowledge Unlatched, as well as looking at models emerging elsewhere such …

Unbundling Open Access Dimensions: A Conceptual Discussion To Reduce Terminology Inconsistencies, Alberto Martín-Martín, Rodrigo Costas, Thed N. Van Leeuwen, Emilio Delgado López-Cózar

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The current ways in which documents are made freely accessible in the Web no longer adhere to the models established Budapest/Bethesda/Berlin (BBB) definitions of Open Access (OA). Since those definitions were established, OA-related terminology has expanded, trying to keep up with all the variants of OA publishing that are out there. However, the inconsistent and arbitrary terminology that is being used to refer to these variants are complicating communication about OA-related issues. This study intends to initiate a discussion on this issue, by proposing a conceptual model of OA. Our model features six different dimensions (authoritativeness, user rights, stability, immediacy, …

Digitalcommons Users Discuss The Bepress Acquisition, Paul Royster, Roger Weaver, Marilyn Billings, Phillip Fitzsimmons, Terri Fishel

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Since the acquisition of the Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) by Elsevier last summer, there has been much discussion online, in listserves, and elsewhere about what that development means for the future of open access and scholarly communications. The people most directly affected are the users of the bepress DigitalCommons repository hosting service. Some have recoiled in horror at the new ownership situation, others are waiting to see what happens next. This is a panel discussion by current users concerning what they see in the road ahead, including what they regard as essential services, possible options, functionality requirements, and necessary safeguards.

An Ethical Framework For Library Publishing: Version 0.5 (Draft For Comment), Jason Boczar, Charlotte Roh, Melanie Schlosser, Nina Collins, Rebel Cummings-Sauls, Terri Fishel, Valerie Horton, Harrison Inefuku, Sarah Melton, Joshua Neds-Fox, Wendy C. Robertson, Jaclyn Sipovic, Camille Thomas

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Background: At the Library Publishing Coalition (LPC) Membership Meeting at the 2017 Library Publishing Forum in Baltimore, Maryland, the community discussed how the LPC can respond to the current political climate. The discussion was wide-ranging, but kept coming back to the importance of library values and our responsibility as library publishers to center our publishing practice around them. A number of those present offered to devise a way for the conversation to continue beyond the Forum. That group included Marilyn Billings, Jason Boczar, Rebel Cummings-Sauls, Harrison W. Inefuku, Joshua Neds-Fox, Matt Ruen, Emily Stenberg, and Monica Westin, who proposed …

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike 4.0 International Public License (Cc By-Nc-Sa 4.0), Creative Commons

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

You are free to:

• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material

• The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that …

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Boai 15 Survey Report, Nick Shockey, Heather Joseph, Melissa Hagemann

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The 15th anniversary of the Budapest Open Access Initiative provided an excellent opportunity to take stock of global progress toward open access and to gauge the main obstacles still remaining to the widespread adoption of open access policies and practices. As part of this process, feedback was solicited through an open survey that was disseminated online, and that received responses from individuals in 60 countries around the world.

Markers of progress are clear. The lack of understanding of the concept of open access and a myriad of misconceptions that were pervasive at the time of the BOAI’s original convening have …

Samvera Community Annual Report 2017

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2017 will be remembered as a significant year in the development of our community. We started the year as the Hydra Project with a governance structure largely defined in the founding Memorandum of Understanding, signed in 2012, and ended it as the Samvera Community with an improved governance structure under active discussion. On the technical side, we saw two major community software gems, Sufia and Curation Concerns, come together as Hyrax, and we saw some significant outputs from a number of our Working and Interest Groups. The community itself held a number of very productive meetings, not the least of …

Jlsc Board Editorial 2018, Gail Clement, Nicky Agate, Sam Searle, Danny Kingsley, Micah Vandegrift

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The current scholarly communication landscape is populated by a variety of actors and powered by an ever-increasing array of complementary and competitive systems for the production, publication, and distribution of scholarship. Recent years have also seen increasing numbers of proposals to recast these systems in ways that better align with the needs and values of the academy and its scholars. In this editorial, members of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication consider the present environment and contemplate the future of academy-owned and -supported scholarly communication, as well as the role of libraries in that future. …

The Public Knowledge Project: Reflections And Directions After Two Decades, Juan Pablo Alperin, John Willinsky, Brian Owen, James Macgregor, Alec Smecher, Kevin Stranack

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The Public Knowledge Project (PKP) is entering its third decade. Like any project that has been around this long, PKP is facing the substantial responsibilities of maturity, seeking ways that will enable it to best serve the thousands of people who utilize our software to operate and index the journals and presses with which they work. It is out of this sense of responsibility that PKP, in the fall of 2017, submitted a proposal to the Laura and John Arnold Foundation boldly entitled “Sustaining Open Access’ Most Widely Used Publishing Software.” With this planning grant, PKP contracted the consulting services …

Pathways To Open Access, University Of California Libraries

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Pursuant to the University of California (UC) Council of University Librarian’s (CoUL)1 3 August 2017 charge, this Pathways to OA Working Group2 has identified the current universe of Open Access (OA) approaches, and has analyzed the suite of strategies available for effectuating those approaches. Each approach described within this Pathways document offers unique and, in some cases, overlapping challenges, opportunities, and room for experimentation. The strategies examined here create space and freedom for the campuses to pursue both individualized and connected paths toward a large-scale transition to OA—though as we highlight below, collective action on implementing the strategies is likely …

The State Of Oa: A Large-Scale Analysis Of The Prevalence And Impact Of Open Access Articles, Heather Piwowar, Jason Priem, Vincent Larivière, Juan Pablo Alperin, Lisa Matthias, Bree Nordlander, Ashley Farley, Jevin West, Stephanie Haustein

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Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigateOAin three populations: (1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least …