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Articles 91 - 120 of 181
Full-Text Articles in Indigenous, Indian, and Aboriginal Law
Judicial System Rises To Challenges Of Times, Kevin Washburn
Judicial System Rises To Challenges Of Times, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Agency Culture And Conflict: Federal Implementation Of The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act By The National Indian Gaming Commission, The Bureau Of Indian Affairs, And The Department Of Justice, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Indian gaming provides a lens through which to consider the implications of divided federal executive power. The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is implemented by at least three federal agencies, each of which has somewhat different interests. Moreover, none of these agencies is monolithic and each must reconcile competing interests within its own domain. In examining the culture of three federal agencies, the author seeks to shed light on divided executive branch governance. The article briefly addresses three different issues: the 'independence' of an independent agency, the NIGC, which lacks litigating authority; the problem with shared subject matter jurisdiction by DOJ …
Testimony Before The U.S. Sentencing Commission On The Tribal Law And Order Act, Kevin Washburn
Testimony Before The U.S. Sentencing Commission On The Tribal Law And Order Act, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Under longstanding policy, the U.S. Sentencing Commission takes the position that tribal court convictions ought not be counted for purposes of evaluating a convicted defendant's criminal history. Because in some cases this policy underestimates a defendant's criminal history, it undermines the utilitarian and retributive purposes of federal sentencing. The Tribal Law and Order Act, currently pending in Congress and supported by the President, should cause the United States Sentencing Commission to reconsider its position on tribal convictions. The Act would provide clear federal authorization for tribal court felony sentences of up to three years per offense as long as tribal …
Second Affidavit In Duluth V. Fond Du Lac Band Of Lake Superior Chippewa, Kevin Washburn
Second Affidavit In Duluth V. Fond Du Lac Band Of Lake Superior Chippewa, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Relocation Revisited: Sex Trafficking Of Native Women In The United States, Sarah Deer
Relocation Revisited: Sex Trafficking Of Native Women In The United States, Sarah Deer
Faculty Scholarship
The Trafficking Victim Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) signaled a comprehensive campaign by the United States (US) government to address the scourge of human trafficking in the US and abroad. The US rhetoric about sex trafficking suggests that the problem originates in foreign countries and/or is recent problem. Neither claim is correct. This article details the historical and legal context of sex trafficking from its origin among the colonial predecessors of the US and documents the commercial trafficking of Native women over several centuries. Native women have experienced generations of enslavement, exploitation, exportation, and relocation. Human trafficking is not just …
Cultural And Economic Self-Determination For Tribal Peoples In The United States Supported By The Un Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples, Angelique Eaglewoman
Cultural And Economic Self-Determination For Tribal Peoples In The United States Supported By The Un Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples, Angelique Eaglewoman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Stories In Mexico And The United States About The Border: The Rhetoric And The Realities, Gloria Valencia-Weber, Antoinette Sedillo Lopez
Stories In Mexico And The United States About The Border: The Rhetoric And The Realities, Gloria Valencia-Weber, Antoinette Sedillo Lopez
Faculty Scholarship
Our goal in this article is to demonstrate how perspective, political agenda, and personal experiences affect how stories about the Mexico-U.S. Border are framed. The framing is shaped by audience and emotional appeal, as well as political agenda. Stories framed and portrayed as personal experiences and stock narratives about a group or country can shape the attitude, experience, and behavior of others. Our discussion will: 1) examine the concept of using word choices and metaphors as devices in storytelling to frame political, economic and social issues, which are meant to evoke certain emotional responses among specific audiences in the immigration …
The Next Great Generation Of American Indian Law Judges, Kevin Washburn
The Next Great Generation Of American Indian Law Judges, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
This short essay, which was the keynote address at a conference of the same title in 2010, argues that the best predictors of good Indian law judging are education, familiarity and experience. People who have been raised believing that there are only two orders of government in the United States are often surprised when they encounter the legal existence of Indian tribes. Most judges become more comfortable with notions of tribal sovereignty after prolonged exposure to cases discussing those principles. Thus, educating all Americans about Indian tribes in primary and secondary education would produce better policy-makers in general and better …
Testimony On H.R. 1924, The Tribal Law And Order Act Of 2009 Before The Subcommittee On Crime, Terrorism And Homeland Security United States House Of Representatives, 111th Congress, 1st Session (December 10, 2009), Barbara L. Creel
Faculty Scholarship
Professor Creel testifies that incarceration alone cannot address the problem of crime in Indian Country and advocates for additional funding and greater access to effective substance abuse treatment programs, education and job training, and culturally-based re-entry programs. Creel's testimony also emphasizes that Native American defendants in tribal court should be afforded the right to counsel, including the right of court appointed counsel, and due process of law. Tribal Law and Order Act 2009: Hearing on H.R. 1924 Before the Subcomm. on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security, 111th Cong. (2009) (statement of Barbara Creel, Assistant Professor of Law, University of New …
Indigenous Peoples And The Law - Ancient Customs: Modern Dilemmas, David S. Bogen
Indigenous Peoples And The Law - Ancient Customs: Modern Dilemmas, David S. Bogen
Faculty Scholarship
Indigenous people have a variety of complex relationships to law in nations such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States where non-indigenous people constitute the majority of the population. Customary law has been recognised in each of these nations as a source of domestic law, but this recognition has created various tensions. For instance, Native Title looks to customary law for its definition, but non-indigenous society demands that Native Title be managed by modern Indigenous institutions created under non-indigenous law. Issues of federalism and international law influence the interaction of Indigenous and non-indigenous law against a background of …
The Evolving Architecture Of North American Integration, Laura Spitz
The Evolving Architecture Of North American Integration, Laura Spitz
Faculty Scholarship
Given its potential significance for democracy, sovereignty, government, governance, and justice in each of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, North American integration qua integration has thus far received surprisingly little attention from legal scholars and social scientists. While an expanding body of research explores the dynamics of continental integration in other contexts (especially Europe) and/or examines the meaning of globalization, regionalism, and multilateral internationalism in a general sense, the specific constitution of an integrated North American space remains largely undertheorized. This Article aims to advance the literature in this area by examining legal discourse as an example of the …
Tribal Law And Best Practices In Legal Education: Creating A New Path For The Study Of Tribal Law, Aliza Organick
Tribal Law And Best Practices In Legal Education: Creating A New Path For The Study Of Tribal Law, Aliza Organick
Faculty Scholarship
In Part I of this article, I explore the importance of introducing law students to tribal law and the culture of other local legal systems early and often. I assert that when the legal academy ignores the role that culture plays in the formation and understanding of our own legal system and the legal systems of other communities, we are ignoring the most basic and core aspects of society. By disregarding the role culture plays in legal systems, we are doing a disservice not only to our students, but also ultimately to the legal community and our clients. By failing …
Tribal Hunting And Fishing Lifeways & Tribal-State Relations In Idaho, Angelique Eaglewoman
Tribal Hunting And Fishing Lifeways & Tribal-State Relations In Idaho, Angelique Eaglewoman
Faculty Scholarship
This article will explore the treaty hunting and fishing rights issues that have arisen in the state of Idaho with the Tribal Nations in the area. First, the background on the area Tribal Nations’ territories will be detailed. Second, the creation of the state of Idaho will be sketched within the framework of federal Indian law. Third, the case law that has developed in Idaho and in the Pacific Northwest regarding the exercise of treaty hunting and fishing rights will be examined. Next, the Rapid River case in Idaho in the late 1970s will serve as an illustration of this …
From Conflict To Cooperation: State And Tribal Court Relations In The Era Of Self-Determination, Aliza Organick, Tonya Kowalski
From Conflict To Cooperation: State And Tribal Court Relations In The Era Of Self-Determination, Aliza Organick, Tonya Kowalski
Faculty Scholarship
State and Tribal sovereigns have historically had a tense relationship, beginning in colonial times, when states vied with the federal government for trading rights and for control of Indian lands. Today, that tension still expresses itself in matters such as gaming compacts, criminal and civil jurisdiction, and taxation, to name just a few. While different sovereigns within a federal system may always vie for resources and power to some extent, it is time for states and Tribes to focus on what a more mutually supportive relationship with Tribal communities has to offer. This Essay explores the history of the two …
Listening To Indigenous Voices: What The Un Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples Means For U.S. Tribes, Aliza Organick
Listening To Indigenous Voices: What The Un Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples Means For U.S. Tribes, Aliza Organick
Faculty Scholarship
Part I of this article will provide a historical context for the Declaration by surveying the international recognition of the concept of "Indigenous" rights that led to the adoption of the Declaration. Part II will discuss the positions taken by each no-vote state and the reasoning employed by these states in support of those positions. Part Ill will focus on how U.S. Tribes might turn the Declaration into a living document in spite of the United States' continued resistance to do so.
Paternalism Or Protection?: Federal Review Of Tribal Economic Decisions In Indian Gaming, Kevin Washburn, Barry W. Brandon, Philip N. Hogen, Vanya S. Hogen
Paternalism Or Protection?: Federal Review Of Tribal Economic Decisions In Indian Gaming, Kevin Washburn, Barry W. Brandon, Philip N. Hogen, Vanya S. Hogen
Faculty Scholarship
In a recent Senate hearing, Senator John McCain and Professor Washburn clashed about the federal role in tribal economic decisions involving Indian gaming. Professor Washburn, who was struck by decades of incompetent federal stewardship of tribal trust funds demonstrated so painfully in the Cobell litigation, questioned the wisdom of the existing gaming regulatory structure in which federal officials at the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) exercise oversight of tribal economic decisions involving tens or hundreds of millions of dollars. Senator McCain sharply disagreed. Following his investigation of lobbyist Jack Abramoff, McCain was even more certain that tribes needed federal protection …
Testimony On The Department Of The Interior's New Policy On Off-Reservation Acquisitions Of Land In Trust For Indian Gaming, Before The United States House Of Representatives Natural Resources Committee, 110th Congress, Second Session, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
The Department of the Interior's New Guidance on Off-Reservation Acquisitions of Land in Trust for Indian Gaming assumes that the principal value of Indian gaming is reservation employment. Although this assumption is mostly incorrect - Indian gaming operations, like state lotteries, are about public revenues, not jobs - off-reservation gaming can dramatically increase the number of public service jobs on Indian reservations. Indian gaming revenues are mostly expended on tribal services to tribal members, creating numerous public service jobs in tribal government. Off-reservation Indian gaming can also provide revenues for restoration of lands on Indian reservation, making up for limited …
Misplaced Jurisdiction, Kevin Washburn
Misplaced Jurisdiction, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Interview discussing felonies and jurisdiction on Tribal land.
Narrative Braids: Performing Racial Literacy (Interviewed By Gene Grant), Christine Zuni Cruz, Margaret Montoya
Narrative Braids: Performing Racial Literacy (Interviewed By Gene Grant), Christine Zuni Cruz, Margaret Montoya
Faculty Scholarship
The performance that is the basis for this joint publication was performed at the Harriet Tubman Theatre at the National Underground Railroad Justice Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. The two of us, Christine Zuni Cruz, a Pueblo woman from the Rio Grande Pueblos of Oke Owingeh and lsleta in New Mexico, and Margaret Montoya, a mestiza/Chicana from northern New Mexico, using both our personal voices and our professional voices as legal scholars, enacted the theatrical performance, a conversation between two women of color from different communities with different identities. This performance experiments with both method and content. The method is a …
American Indians, Crime And The Law: Five Years Of Scholarship On Criminal Justice In Indian Country, Kevin Washburn
American Indians, Crime And The Law: Five Years Of Scholarship On Criminal Justice In Indian Country, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Opening remarks.
In Defense Of Property , Kristen A. Carpenter, Sonia K. Katyal, Angela R. Riley
In Defense Of Property , Kristen A. Carpenter, Sonia K. Katyal, Angela R. Riley
Faculty Scholarship
This Article responds to an emerging view, in scholarship and popular society, that it is normatively undesirable to employ property law as a means of protecting indigenous cultural heritage. Recent critiques suggest that propertizing culture impedes the free flow of ideas, speech, and perhaps culture itself. In our view, these critiques arise largely because commentators associate "property" with a narrow model of individual ownership that reflects neither the substance of indigenous cultural property claims nor major theoretical developments in the broader field of property law. Thus, departing from the individual rights paradigm, our Article situates indigenous cultural property claims, particularly …
Tribal Nation Economics: Rebuilding Commercial Prosperity In Spite Of U.S. Trade Restraints–Recommendations For Economic Revitalization In Indian Country, Angelique Eaglewoman
Tribal Nation Economics: Rebuilding Commercial Prosperity In Spite Of U.S. Trade Restraints–Recommendations For Economic Revitalization In Indian Country, Angelique Eaglewoman
Faculty Scholarship
Tribal commerce created the current highways that stretch from coast-to-coast in North America today. The roads that are traveled by semi-trucks full of cargo, grocery produce, and all manner of commercial goods are on top of the ancient trade routes Natives have traveled for centuries. Unfortunately, the history and sophistication of Native commercial activities have been largely suppressed and left out of the story of the North American continent as Euro-Americans rewrote the continent’s history to reflect the glorification of colonization. The truth is that there was no need for the 'rugged pioneer' to cut through tall grass to head …
Shadow War Scholarship, Indigenous Legal Tradition, And Modern Law In Indian Country, Christine Zuni Cruz
Shadow War Scholarship, Indigenous Legal Tradition, And Modern Law In Indian Country, Christine Zuni Cruz
Faculty Scholarship
This article documents the purposes and reasons for the development of the Tribal Law Journal, the University of New Mexico School of Laws electronic journal created to promote scholarship on tribal law and the Indigenous legal tradition. It discusses the use of the internet for the work of the journal and of the need to increase an understanding and awareness of the law of Indigenous peoples. The diversity of indigenous peoples, in and of itself, requires unique approaches to the discussion of tribal law. The article considers how the Zapatista Movement in Chiapas utilized the internet. The Zapatista's engagement of …
Sex Offender Registration In Indian Country, Kevin Washburn, Virginia Davis
Sex Offender Registration In Indian Country, Kevin Washburn, Virginia Davis
Faculty Scholarship
This article critiques Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act [SORNA] and places it in the context of the broader scheme of public safety and criminal jurisdiction on Indian reservations. Part I briefly explains the jurisdictional background of criminal law and regulatory authority on Indian lands. Part II discusses the particular development of federal and tribal sex offender registration and notification laws. Part III explains how SORNA engages Indian tribes and other registration jurisdictions as a prelude to discussion of the obstacles of effective implementation on Indian lands. Part IV offers some criticisms of SORNA for further fragmenting regulatory and criminal …
Restoring The Grand Jury, Kevin Washburn
Restoring The Grand Jury, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Though it is enshrined in the Constitution, the grand jury is one of the least respected institutions in American criminal justice today. Scholars regard the grand jury just as doctors regard the appendix: an organic part of our constitutional makeup, but not of much use. While scholars have proposed reforms, most of them seem only loosely related to the fundamental purpose of the grand jury. In an era of plea bargains, the grand jury can serve a crucial role in insuring popular legitimacy in the criminal justice system. In light of the criticism, however, the grand jury seems to be …
The Legacy Of Bryan V. Itasca County: How An Erroneous $147 County Tax Notice Helped Bring Tribes $200 Billion In Indian Gaming Revenue, Kevin Washburn
The Legacy Of Bryan V. Itasca County: How An Erroneous $147 County Tax Notice Helped Bring Tribes $200 Billion In Indian Gaming Revenue, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
This Article places Bryan v. Itasca County in historical context and gives credit where credit is due. From the perspective of three decades, it describes the litigation and its ramifications, and highlights the work of the legal services attorneys who brought Indian tribes this landmark victory. Part I briefly describes the litigation through the state supreme court. Part II discusses, in much greater detail, the appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Part III analyzes the unanimous Supreme Court opinion reversing the state courts and describes the breathtaking scope of the opinion, as well as its implications. Part IV briefly describes …
Testimony On Law Enforcement In Indian Country Before The United States Senate Committee On Indian Affairs, 110th Congress, 1st Session, Kevin Washburn
Testimony On Law Enforcement In Indian Country Before The United States Senate Committee On Indian Affairs, 110th Congress, 1st Session, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
Public safety and criminal justice on Indian reservations are better served when Indian tribes play a central role in these functions. Most of the successes of law enforcement in Indian country have involved careful cooperation and coordination between law enforcement agencies of different sovereigns. Even informal cooperation can be highly effective in improving public safety. Lack of cooperation undermines public safety.
Indian Law On State Bar Exams: A Situational Report, Gloria Valencia-Weber
Indian Law On State Bar Exams: A Situational Report, Gloria Valencia-Weber
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Public Safety And Criminal Jurisdiction, Conference Transcript: The New Realism: The Next Generation Of Scholarship In Federal Indian Law, Kevin Washburn
Public Safety And Criminal Jurisdiction, Conference Transcript: The New Realism: The Next Generation Of Scholarship In Federal Indian Law, Kevin Washburn
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Taking Voting Rights Seriously: Race And The Integrity Of Democracy In America, Aliza Organick
Taking Voting Rights Seriously: Race And The Integrity Of Democracy In America, Aliza Organick
Faculty Scholarship
This article demonstrates that secure and reliable elections are easily achievable in the United States - if those with economic and political power so desired. Given the costs implicit in continued clouds of legitimacy over those currently governing this nation, one would therefore expect strong and decisive action to remedy once and for all race-based electioneering games and faulty voting machinery. The thesis of this article, however, is that this is very unlikely to occur; rather, those with power seem to be exercising an option to use race instrumentally to foil the democratic process and to enhance their electoral interests. …