Fourth Amendment Commons^™

Search And Seizure--Was The Right Of Privacy Taken To The Cleaners?, Dennis C. Sauter

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Welfare Law - Welfare Benefits Conditioned Upon Consent To A Warrantless Home Visit Held Not To Violate Fourth Amendment, Brian R. Mckillip

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Searches Without Warrants, Jerold H. Israel

Book Chapters

My primary area of concentration today is the search made without a warrant. Studies indicate that 95 percent or more of all searches are without warrants. It is quite understandable, then, that most of the search-and-seizure litigation concerns the validity of searches without warrants.

Warrantless Searches And Seizures, Mack Allen Player

Scholarly Works

The fourth amendment to the Constitution has two basic clauses. The first, the reasonableness clause, protects the people against unreasonable searches and seizures. The second, the warrant clause, sets forth conditions under which a warrant may issue. Searches and seizures made pursuant to a warrant are, quite obviously, governed by the commands of the warrant clause. However, the effect of the warrant clause upon searches and seizures made without warrants is not clear from the amendment itself, and the Supreme Court has failed to develop a consistent interpretation of the proper role of that clause.

Some Observations On The Supreme Court's Use Of Property Concepts In Resolving Fourth Amendment Problems, Fernand N. Dutile

Journal Articles

There is a tendency among lawyers and laymen alike to consider "property rights" wholly distinct from "human rights", and to disparage the former in favor of the latter. To a large extent the tendency has been appropriate. One of the happiest chapters of recent times has been the effort to champion human values even at the expense of restricting the individual's use of his "own" property. The public accommodations section of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the increase in aesthetic zoning, the extension of landlords' responsibilities with respect to leased properties and the expansion of consumer protection highlight the law's …

The Applicability Of The "New" Fourth Amendment To Investigations By Secret Agents: A Proposed Delineation Of The Emerging Fourth Amendment Right To Privacy, Robert L. Bergstrom

Washington Law Review

Recent Supreme Court search and seizure cases are the harbingers of a new conceptual way of analyzing fourth amendment questions. The author describes the separate fourth amendment issues of applicability and reasonableness and critically analyzes the Court's development of new privacy rules of applicability. The Court fails to recognize that privacy has both quantitative and qualitative aspects; the limited quantum of privacy analysis may account for this failure. This comment proposes a new fourth amendment privacy model and illustrates its application in various secret agent situations.

Constitutional Law--Stop And Frisk--Reasonableness Under The Fourth Amendment, John Michael Anderson

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Criminal Law - Search And Seizure - Probable Cause Standard And The Informant - Spinelli V. United States, 89 S. Ct. 584 (1969)., Ray C. Stoner

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Developments, Various Editors

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Terry V. Ohio And Its Implications Upon The California Law Of Stop And Frisk, Judith N. Keep

San Diego Law Review

The controversy surrounding the legality of police "stop and frisk" practices at last has been partially resolved by the Supreme Court. In the case of Terry v. Ohio, which is further illuminated by its companion case Sibron v. New York, the Court established a constitutional standard for the frisk under the search and seizure clause of the fourth amendment. Additionally, it strongly suggested that the same standard would be applied to the stop. Thus, not only did the Court resolve the debate in favor of this often employed police practice, but under the doctrine of Mapp v. Ohio, the standard …

The Legitimation Of Electronic Eavesdropping: The Politics Of "Law And Order", Herman Schwartz

Michigan Law Review

This Article will examine some constitutional considerations raised by wiretapping and eavesdropping in light of recent Supreme Court decisions, the probable extent of such activity, the limitations imposed upon it by title III and the ABA Standards, and the arguments for the "necessity" of electronic surveillance. Finally, a few jaundiced comments will be offered about legislative and judicial lawmaking in the field of criminal justice, particularly in a time of crisis.

The Background Of The Fourth Amendment To The Constitution Of The United States, Joseph J. Stengel

University of Richmond Law Review

It is generally agreed that the antecedent history of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is concerned primarily with those events that took place in England and the AmericanColonies in the thirty years immediately preceding the adoption of the Amendment. However, it also seems clear that it was the executive abuse of search and seizure in England throughout the centuries that led to those events. The search for the reason "why" of the Fourth Amendment should then logically begin with the earliest recorded events, statutes and cases involving search and seizure in English history and be …

The Background Of The Fourth Amendment To The Constitution Of The United States, Part Two, Joseph J. Stengel

University of Richmond Law Review

Upon the conclusion of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and after the proposed Constitution was submitted by Congress to the states for ratification, there arose a clamor concerning the absence of a bill or declaration of rights therein. Scholars have disagreed as to the basis for this controversy. Story says that the demand was "a matter of very exaggerated declamation and party zeal, for the mere purpose of defeating the Constitution." Cooley concludes that leading statesmen made the want of a bill of rights in the Constitution the ground of a "decided, earnest, and formidable opposition to the confirmation of …

College Searches And Seizures: Privacy And Due Process Problems On Campus, T. J. A.

Georgia Law Review

Elimination of inequities in college search and seizure procedures can assure the student of his fourth amendment rights. To do so, however, will impose concomitant responsibilities which he must be prepared to accept. For example, in criminal proceedings most college students will be categorized as adults. If college administrators must limit their own duties and defer to other governmental agencies for investigation of criminal matters, suspension or expulsion may have less appeal as appropriate punishment for state authorities in possession of criminal evidence. Police officials may be expected to seek more confining penalties. Moreover, the legitimacy of evidence obtained in …

The Warren Court And Criminal Procedure, A. Kenneth Pye

Michigan Law Review

On October 5, 1953, Earl Warren became Chief Justice of the United States. During the fifteen years of his tenure as Chief Justice, fundamental changes in criminal procedure have resulted· from decisions of what is popularly called "the Warren Court." There may be a legitimate difference of opinion whether these changes constitute a "criminal law revolution" or merely an orderly evolution toward the application of civilized standards to the trial of persons accused of crime. Whatever the characterization, however, there can be little doubt that the developments of the past fifteen years have unalterably changed the course of .the administration …

"Street Encounters" And The Constitution: Terry, Sibron, Peters, And Beyond, Wayne R. Lafave

Michigan Law Review

In light of the surfeit of law review commentary on the subject of stop and frisk, a word about what follows is in order. This Article is not intended to be a restatement or summary of the recent debate on stop and frisk. Terry and its companions have put some of the issues to rest and pushed others to the forefront, and with the resulting change in the battle lines the time is ripe for a reassessment. The concern here is with the approach taken by the Supreme Court in Terry, Sibron, and Peters, and the emphasis is …

Custodial Police Interrogation In Our Nation's Capital: The Attempt To Implement Miranda, Richard J. Medalie, Leonard Zeitz, Paul Alexander

Michigan Law Review

In his attempt to define the meaning of democracy, Carl Becker, looking back to Plato's view of society, observed that "[a]ll human institutions, we are told, have their ideal forms laid away in heaven, and we do not need to be told that the actual institutions conform but indifferently to these ideal counterparts." Becker's observation may well set the perspective from which to view what occurred when the attempt was made in the District of Columbia to implement the Supreme Court's decision in Miranda v. Arizona.

Criminal Law And Procedure - Electronic Eavesdropping - Katz V. United States, 88 S. Ct. 507 (1967)

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Criminal Law—New York “Stop And Frisk” Statute Held Constitutional In The Absence Of Probable Cause For Arrest, Harvey M. Pullman

Buffalo Law Review

People v. Taggart, 20 N.Y.2d 335, 229 N.E.2d 581, 283 N.Y.S.2d 1 (1967).

Recent Developments In The Law Of Search And Seizure, Jerold H. Israel

Book Chapters

This article is designed to provide a survey of recent decisions dealing with several important issues in the area of search and seizure. It is intended primarily as a basic collection of sources. I have, therefore, sought to keep my own commentary at a minimum and the citations to relevant cases at a maximum. Wherever space permits, I have let the courts speak for themselves. In most instances, however, it has been necessary to provide fairly general descriptions of the cases.

Search By Consent, Jerold H. Israel

Book Chapters

My topics this morning are eavesdropping, search by consent and entrance gained by fraud and deceit. You should be forewarned that these are areas in which the law has been "on the move" for the past few years. Changes have occurred and still more will take place in the future. I will attempt to anticipate some of those developments, but, obviously, the only safe course is keeping up-to-date through continuing education. In covering my assigned topics, I hope to paint with a rather broad brush. It has always been my feeling that the pohce officer cannot be expected to learn …

The Georgia Eavesdropping Statute: A Critical Examination In Light Of Berger V. New York, R. W. S., Jr.

Georgia Law Review

Mr. Justice Brandeis, dissenting in Olmstead v. United States,2 observed that: Ways may some day be developed by which the Government, without removing papers from secret drawers, can reproduce them in court, and by which it will be enabled to expose to a jury the most intimate occurrences of the home. With the advent of miniaturized circuits and the corresponding subtlety of eavesdropping devices Brandeis' prediction has become a substantial reality. Tubular and parabolic microphones, for example, can intercept conversations held hundreds of yards away and, reportedly, a microwave beam has been developed which can penetrate virtually any obstacle. Wireless …

The Extent Of The Exclusionary Rule, Jon W. Bruce

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Search And Seizure - "Fruit Of Poisonous Tree" Doctrine - Jacobs V. Warden, 367 F.2d 321 (4th Cir. 1966), Gilbert A. Bartlett

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Criminal Law - Fourth Amendment - "Mere Evidence Rule", Robert A. Kelly

Duquesne Law Review

Fourth Amendment-"Mere Evidence Rule"-The distinction between instrumentalities, contraband, fruits of the crime and evidentiary objects has been abolished and evidentiary objects may now be searched for and seized if the search is reasonable and if the officers have probable cause to believe that such seizure will lead to apprehension or conviction.

Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Hayden, 87 S. Ct. 1642 (1967).

Constitutional Law - Search Warrants - Health And Safety Inspections, John M. Campfield

Duquesne Law Review

Health and Safety Inspections- The Fourth Amendment guarantees that a person may not be convicted for refusing to consent to a health or safety inspection of his residence or place of business to be made without a search warrant.

Camara v. Municipal Court, 87 S. Ct. 1727 (1967). See v. City of Seattle, 87 S. Ct. 1737 (1967).

Family Law—Application Of The Rules Against Search And Seizure To Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings, Alan Eber

Buffalo Law Review

Matter of Williams, 49 Misc. 2d 154, 267 N.Y.S.2d 91 (Ulster County Family Ct. 1966).

Fourth Amendment Limitations On Eavesdropping And Wire-Tapping, David H. Hines

Cleveland State Law Review

The subject of eavesdropping, wiretapping, and electronic surveillance has induced many legal writers to comment on the law and urge legislative changes.This paper will analyze the constitutional aspects of eavesdropping as well as the common law concerning eavesdropping as it exists today.

Constitutional Law - Admissibility Of Evidence - Reasonable Search And Seizure. Hawley V. Commonwealth, 206 Va. 479 (1965), Robert E. Scott

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Search And Seizure - Wife's Consent To Search And Seizure Of Husband's Property Held Not Sufficient To Waive Constitutional Rights Protecting Husband. State V. Hall, 142 S.E.2d 177 (1965)., R. H. Kraftson

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.