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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Fourth Amendment
Legislatively Erased: The Failure Of Privacy Legislation To Protect People Connected To The Criminal Legal System, Chaz Arnett, Kate Weisburd
Legislatively Erased: The Failure Of Privacy Legislation To Protect People Connected To The Criminal Legal System, Chaz Arnett, Kate Weisburd
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Automated Fourth Amendment, Maneka Sinha
The Automated Fourth Amendment, Maneka Sinha
Faculty Scholarship
Courts routinely defer to police officer judgments in reasonable suspicion and probable cause determinations. Increasingly, though, police officers outsource these threshold judgments to new forms of technology that purport to predict and detect crime and identify those responsible. These policing technologies automate core police determinations about whether crime is occurring and who is responsible. Criminal procedure doctrine has failed to insist on some level of scrutiny of—or skepticism about—the reliability of this technology. Through an original study analyzing numerous state and federal court opinions, this Article exposes the implications of law enforcement’s reliance on these practices given the weighty interests …
Crowdsourcing Surveillance, Chaz Arnett
Crowdsourcing Surveillance, Chaz Arnett
Faculty Scholarship
In Unreasonable: Black Lives, Police Power, and the Fourth Amendment, Devon W. Carbado illuminates how both the spectacular and quotidian forms of racialized terror, brutality, and surveillance—characteristic of enslavement—have shaped the construction of our constitutional order. He argues that the combined social normalization and legal naturalization of racial hierarchy paved the way for the development of slave patrols and other early iterations of policing where incredible acts of violence against Black bodies were made ordinary and essential. He explains how this legacy continues today with Fourth Amendment jurisprudence not simply failing to protect rights but rather licensing police violence …
Black Lives Monitored, Chaz Arnett
Black Lives Monitored, Chaz Arnett
Faculty Scholarship
The police killing of George Floyd added fuel to the simmering flames of racial injustice in America following a string of similarly violent executions during a global pandemic that disproportionately ravaged the health and economic security of Black families and communities. The confluence of these painful realities exposed deep vulnerabilities and renewed a reckoning with the long unfulfilled promise of racial equality, inspiring large-scale protests around the country and across the globe. As with prior movements for racial justice, from slavery abolition to the civil rights movement’s demand to end Jim Crow, protests have been met with extreme force, either …
Escaping Circularity: The Fourth Amendment And Property Law, João Marinotti
Escaping Circularity: The Fourth Amendment And Property Law, João Marinotti
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Cell Phones And The Border Search Exception: Circuits Split Over The Line Between Sovereignty And Privacy, Gina R. Bohannon
Cell Phones And The Border Search Exception: Circuits Split Over The Line Between Sovereignty And Privacy, Gina R. Bohannon
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Automated License Plate Readers: The Difficult Balance Of Solving Crime And Protecting Individual Privacy, Lauren Fash
Automated License Plate Readers: The Difficult Balance Of Solving Crime And Protecting Individual Privacy, Lauren Fash
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
Hernandez V. Mesa: Preserving The Zone Of Constitutional Uncertainty At The Border, Alexandra A. Botsaris
Hernandez V. Mesa: Preserving The Zone Of Constitutional Uncertainty At The Border, Alexandra A. Botsaris
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Rule 41 Amendments Provide For A Drastic Expansion Of Government Authority To Conduct Computer Searches And Should Not Have Been Adopted By The Supreme Court, Markus Rauschecker
Rule 41 Amendments Provide For A Drastic Expansion Of Government Authority To Conduct Computer Searches And Should Not Have Been Adopted By The Supreme Court, Markus Rauschecker
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Stories That Swim Upstream: Uncovering The Influence Of Stereotypes And Stock Stories In Fourth Amendment Reasonable Suspicion Analysis, Sherri Lee Keene
Stories That Swim Upstream: Uncovering The Influence Of Stereotypes And Stock Stories In Fourth Amendment Reasonable Suspicion Analysis, Sherri Lee Keene
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Utah V. Strieff: The Gratuitous Expansion Of The Attenuation Doctrine, Courtney Watkins
Utah V. Strieff: The Gratuitous Expansion Of The Attenuation Doctrine, Courtney Watkins
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
Post Quon: An Analysis Of The Evolution Of New Media And The Employment Relationship, John H. Shannon, Susan A. O’Sullivan-Gavin
Post Quon: An Analysis Of The Evolution Of New Media And The Employment Relationship, John H. Shannon, Susan A. O’Sullivan-Gavin
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
Foreword: Private And Public Revisited Once Again, Mark A. Graber
Foreword: Private And Public Revisited Once Again, Mark A. Graber
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Neuro Lie Detection And Mental Privacy, Madison Kilbride, Jason Iuliano
Neuro Lie Detection And Mental Privacy, Madison Kilbride, Jason Iuliano
Maryland Law Review
New technologies inevitably raise novel legal questions. This is particularly true of technologies, such as neuro lie detection, that offer new ways to investigate crime. Recently, a number of scholars have asked whether neuro lie detection testing is constitutional. So far, the debate has focused on the Fifth Amendment—specifically whether evidence gathered through neuro lie detection is constitutionally admissible because it is “physical” in nature or inadmissible because it is “testimonial” in nature. Under current Supreme Court doctrine, this Fifth Amendment debate is intractable. However, the more fundamental question of whether the government can compel individuals to undergo a neuro …
Privacy At 50: The Bedroom, The Courtroom, And The Spaces In Between, Judith A. Baer
Privacy At 50: The Bedroom, The Courtroom, And The Spaces In Between, Judith A. Baer
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Right To Same-Sex Marriage: Formalism, Realism, And Social Change In Lawrence (2003), Windsor (2013), & Obergefell (2015), Ronald Kahn
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Privacy, Police Power, And The Growth Of Public Power In The Early Twentieth Century: A Not So Unlikely Coexistence, Carol Nackenoff
Privacy, Police Power, And The Growth Of Public Power In The Early Twentieth Century: A Not So Unlikely Coexistence, Carol Nackenoff
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Future Of The Fourth Amendment: The Problem With Privacy, Poverty And Policing, Kami Chavis Simmons
Future Of The Fourth Amendment: The Problem With Privacy, Poverty And Policing, Kami Chavis Simmons
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class
No abstract provided.
When Enough Is Enough: Location Tracking, Mosaic Theory, And Machine Learning, Steven M. Bellovin, Renée M. Hutchins, Tony Jebara, Sebastian Zimmeck
When Enough Is Enough: Location Tracking, Mosaic Theory, And Machine Learning, Steven M. Bellovin, Renée M. Hutchins, Tony Jebara, Sebastian Zimmeck
Faculty Scholarship
Since 1967, when it decided Katz v. United States, the Supreme Court has tied the right to be free of unwanted government scrutiny to the concept of reasonable xpectations of privacy.[1] An evaluation of reasonable expectations depends, among other factors, upon an assessment of the intrusiveness of government action. When making such assessment historically the Court has considered police conduct with clear temporal, geographic, or substantive limits. However, in an era where new technologies permit the storage and compilation of vast amounts of personal data, things are becoming more complicated. A school of thought known as “mosaic theory” …
Bailey V. United States: Drawing An Exception In The Context Of Off-Premises Detentions Incident To Search Warrants, Christopher Chaulk
Bailey V. United States: Drawing An Exception In The Context Of Off-Premises Detentions Incident To Search Warrants, Christopher Chaulk
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Maryland V. King: Sacrificing The Fourth Amendment To Build Up The Dna Database, Stephanie B. Noronha
Maryland V. King: Sacrificing The Fourth Amendment To Build Up The Dna Database, Stephanie B. Noronha
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Maryland's Social Networking Law: No "Friend" To Employers And Employees, Alexander Borman
Maryland's Social Networking Law: No "Friend" To Employers And Employees, Alexander Borman
Journal of Business & Technology Law
No abstract provided.
A Spectacular Non Sequitur: The Supreme Court's Contemporary Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule Jurisprudence, David C. Gray
A Spectacular Non Sequitur: The Supreme Court's Contemporary Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule Jurisprudence, David C. Gray
Faculty Scholarship
Much of the Supreme Court’s contemporary Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule jurisprudence is constructed upon an analytic mistake that H.L.A. Hart described in another context as a “spectacular non sequitur.” That path to irrelevance is paved by the Court’s recent insistence that the sole justification for excluding evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment is the prospect of deterring law enforcement officers. This deterrence-only approach ignores or rejects more principled justifications that inspired the rule at its genesis and have sustained it through the majority of its history and development. More worrisome, however, is the conceptual insufficiency of deterrence considerations …
Neurotechnologies At The Intersection Of Criminal Procedure And Constitutional Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik
Neurotechnologies At The Intersection Of Criminal Procedure And Constitutional Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik
Faculty Scholarship
The rapid development of neurotechnologies poses novel constitutional issues for criminal law and criminal procedure. These technologies can identify directly from brain waves whether a person is familiar with a stimulus like a face or a weapon, can model blood flow in the brain to indicate whether a person is lying, and can even interfere with brain processes themselves via high-powered magnets to cause a person to be less likely to lie to an investigator. These technologies implicate the constitutional privilege against compelled, self-incriminating speech under the Fifth Amendment and the right to be free of unreasonable search and seizure …
A Shattered Looking Glass: The Pitfalls And Potential Of The Mosaic Theory Of Fourth Amendment Privacy, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron
A Shattered Looking Glass: The Pitfalls And Potential Of The Mosaic Theory Of Fourth Amendment Privacy, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron
Faculty Scholarship
On January 23, 2012, the Supreme Court issued a landmark non-decision in United States v. Jones. In that case, officers used a GPS-enabled device to track a suspect’s public movements for four weeks, amassing a considerable amount of data in the process. Although ultimately resolved on narrow grounds, five Justices joined concurring opinions in Jones expressing sympathy for some version of the “mosaic theory” of Fourth Amendment privacy. This theory holds that we maintain reasonable expectations of privacy in certain quantities of information even if we do not have such expectations in the constituent parts. This Article examines and …
The Right To Quantitative Privacy, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron
The Right To Quantitative Privacy, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron
Faculty Scholarship
We are at the cusp of a historic shift in our conceptions of the Fourth Amendment driven by dramatic advances in surveillance technology. Governments and their private sector agents continue to invest billions of dollars in massive data-mining projects, advanced analytics, fusion centers, and aerial drones, all without serious consideration of the constitutional issues that these technologies raise. In United States v. Jones, the Supreme Court signaled an end to its silent acquiescence in this expanding surveillance state. In that case, five justices signed concurring opinions defending a revolutionary proposition: that citizens have Fourth Amendment interests in substantial quantities of …
Florence V. Board Of Chosen Freeholders: Maintaining Jail Security While Stripping Detainees Of Their Constitutional Rights, Nina Gleiberman
Florence V. Board Of Chosen Freeholders: Maintaining Jail Security While Stripping Detainees Of Their Constitutional Rights, Nina Gleiberman
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
The Evolving Fourth Amendment: United States V. Jones, The Information Cloud, And The Right To Exclude, Ber-An Pan
The Evolving Fourth Amendment: United States V. Jones, The Information Cloud, And The Right To Exclude, Ber-An Pan
Maryland Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fighting Cybercrime After United States V. Jones, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron, Liz Clark Rinehart
Fighting Cybercrime After United States V. Jones, David C. Gray, Danielle Keats Citron, Liz Clark Rinehart
Faculty Scholarship
In a landmark non-decision last term, five Justices of the United States Supreme Court would have held that citizens possess a Fourth Amendment right to expect that certain quantities of information about them will remain private, even if they have no such expectations with respect to any of the information or data constituting that whole. This quantitative approach to evaluating and protecting Fourth Amendment rights is certainly novel and raises serious conceptual, doctrinal, and practical challenges. In other works, we have met these challenges by engaging in a careful analysis of this “mosaic theory” and by proposing that courts focus …
The Supreme Court's Contemporary Silver Platter Doctrine, David C. Gray, Meagan Cooper, David Mcaloon
The Supreme Court's Contemporary Silver Platter Doctrine, David C. Gray, Meagan Cooper, David Mcaloon
Faculty Scholarship
In a line of cases beginning with United States v. Calandra, the Court has created a series of exceptions to the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule that permit illegally seized evidence to be admitted in litigation forums collateral to criminal trials. This “collateral use” exception allows the government to profit from Fourth Amendment violations in grand jury investigations, civil tax suits, habeas proceedings, immigration removal procedures, and parole revocation hearings. In this essay we argue that these collateral use exceptions raise serious conceptual and practical concerns. The core of our critique is that the collateral use exception reconstitutes a version of …