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Articles 1891 - 1920 of 2493
Full-Text Articles in Fourth Amendment
Terry V. Ohio At Thirty: A Revisionist View, Lewis R. Katz
Terry V. Ohio At Thirty: A Revisionist View, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
In this Article, I suggest that, while the Warren Court provided a needed tool to police, it failed to achieve its stated purpose of tying the practice to the Fourth Amendment reasonableness standard. First, the Court failed to adequately define an "investigatory stop," leading later courts to harden the definition, eliminating the Fourth Amendment from most on-the-street police-citizen encounters. Second, the facts in Terry failed to meet the reasonableness standard Chief Justice Warren purported to apply and which subsequently has been further weakened in later cases. Finally, the decision in Terry failed to strike a meaningful Fourth Amendment balance between …
The Automobile Exception Transformed: The Rise Of A Public Place Exemption To The Warrant Requirement, Lewis R. Katz
The Automobile Exception Transformed: The Rise Of A Public Place Exemption To The Warrant Requirement, Lewis R. Katz
Faculty Publications
The Supreme Court in recent years has aggressively pursued restrictions on a person's Constitutional protections from unreasonable searches and seizures. Perhaps no better example exists of the radically changing fourth amendment analysis than the automobile exception to the warrant requirement This exception allows a law enforcement official with probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime is hidden in a vehicle to search that vehicle without obtaining a search warrant This Article explores the genesis and unchecked growth of the automobile exception from a necessary outgrowth of the exigencies of protecting police officers and preventing tampering with evidence, to …
The Police, Pretextual Investigatory Activity, And The Fourth Amendment: What Hath Whren Wrought, Mark M. Dobson
The Police, Pretextual Investigatory Activity, And The Fourth Amendment: What Hath Whren Wrought, Mark M. Dobson
St. Thomas Law Review
Part II of this article briefly discusses the debate over what was considered pretextual activity in the time before Whren. Part III then analyzes both the facts and resolution of the pretext issue presented in Whren itself. Part IV explores what Wiren means for the future, both in terms of how this decision, when coupled with existing Fourth Amendment precedent enlarges what the police can do; and how two other Fourth Amendment cases which have recently been handed down, may even further expand what the police can do.
The Complexity Of The Fourth Amendment: A Historical Review, Tracey Maclin
The Complexity Of The Fourth Amendment: A Historical Review, Tracey Maclin
UF Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Critical Look At The So-Called Locker Room Mentality As A Means To Rationalize The Drug Testing Of Student Athletes, Walter T. Champion Jr.
Critical Look At The So-Called Locker Room Mentality As A Means To Rationalize The Drug Testing Of Student Athletes, Walter T. Champion Jr.
Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )
No abstract provided.
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Gonzalez
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Gonzalez
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
It Was A Very Good Year - For The Government: The Supreme Court's Major Criminal Rulings Of The 1995-1996 Term, William E. Hellerstein
It Was A Very Good Year - For The Government: The Supreme Court's Major Criminal Rulings Of The 1995-1996 Term, William E. Hellerstein
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Age Of Unreason: The Impact Of Reasonableness, Increased Police Force, And Colorblindness On Terry "Stop And Frisk", Omar Saleem
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel E. Charles
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
The problems of public housing-including crime, drugs, and gun violence- have received an enormous amount of national attention. Much attention has also focused on warrantless searches and consent searches as solutions to these problems. This Note addresses the constitutionality of these proposals and asserts that if the Supreme Court's current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is taken to its logical extremes, warrantless searches in public housing can be found constitutional. The author argues, however, that such an interpretation fails to strike the proper balance between public need and privacy in the public housing context. The Note concludes by proposing alternative consent-based regimes …
Liberty From Officials By Grace: The Fourth Amendment's Application To Automobile Passengers In Maryland V. Wilson, Michael Begland
Liberty From Officials By Grace: The Fourth Amendment's Application To Automobile Passengers In Maryland V. Wilson, Michael Begland
University of Richmond Law Review
On February 19, 1997, the United States Supreme Court handed down its decision in Maryland v. Wilson, and put an end to twenty years of speculation regarding a police officer's authority to order a passenger out of a lawfully stopped automobile. In finding that such an order does not violate a passenger's Fourth Amendment privacy interests, the Supreme Court reversed Maryland's Court of Special Appeals and sided with the majority of states that have considered this narrow issue. The Court's decision provides important insight into the current state of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence and the Supreme Court's increasing willingness to sacrifice …
The Fishing Gets Easier, Kathryn R. Urbonya
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Batista
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Batista
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Quackenbush
Search And Seizure, Court Of Appeals, People V. Quackenbush
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Search And Seizure, Supreme Court, Bronx County People V. Williams
Search And Seizure, Supreme Court, Bronx County People V. Williams
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel Charles
Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel Charles
Faculty Scholarship
The problems of public housing-including crime, drugs, and gun violence- have received an enormous amount of national attention. Much attention has also focused on warrantless searches and consent searches as solutions to these problems. This Note addresses the constitutionality of these proposals and asserts that if the Supreme Court's current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is taken to its logical extremes, warrantless searches in public housing can be found constitutional. The author argues, however, that such an interpretation fails to strike the proper balance between public need and privacy in the public housing context. The Note concludes by proposing alternative consent-based regimes …
Race, Cops, And Traffic Stops, Angela J. Davis
Race, Cops, And Traffic Stops, Angela J. Davis
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article discusses the Supreme Court's failure to provide a clear and effective remedy for discriminatory pretextual traffic stops. The first part explores the discretionary nature of pretextual stops and their discriminatory effect on African-Americans and Latinos. Then, the article examines Whren v. United States, a Supreme Court case in which the petitioners claimed that these “pretextual stops” violate the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution and are racially discriminatory. The Supreme Court rejected the claim, upholding the constitutionality of pretextual stops based on probable cause and noting that claims of racial discrimination must be challenged under the Equal Protection Clause. …
Having It Both Ways: Proof That The U.S. Supreme Court Is "Unfairly" Prosecution-Oriented, Christopher Slobogin
Having It Both Ways: Proof That The U.S. Supreme Court Is "Unfairly" Prosecution-Oriented, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
If the assertions that this essay makes about the Court's "unfair" prosecution-orientation withstand scrutiny," two further conclusions might follow. First, the highest court in the country is so fixated on ensuring that a particular side wins that it is willing with some frequency to sacrifice the most basic attribute of any court worthy of the name-the appearance of fairness. This conclusion is a much more fundamental challenge to the Court's integrity than is the simple acknowledgement that a majority of the Justices are biased in favor of the government. Second, to the extent the Court's unfairness becomes common knowledge, its …
Condemned By Substance And Process: A Comment On “Doubly Condemned”: Adjustments To The Crime And Punishment Regime In The Late Slavery Period In The British Caribbean Colonies And “Under The Present Mode Of Trial, Improper Verdicts Are Very Often Given”: Criminal Procedure In The Trials Of Slaves In Antebellum Louisiana, Raymond T. Diamond
Cardozo Law Review
The substance of modem criminal law and the procedures through which that law is enforced are a subject of current debate. On the one hand, some call into question the use of criminal sanctions as a means of enforcing schemes of regulation meant to guarantee public welfare. By the same token, violent crime and crime that is otherwise malum in se has caused increasing levels of fear and concomitant calls for more vigorous enforcement of the criminal law. As a result, the rights that protect the accused from intrusions by a potentially tyrannical state and from arbitrary decision making by …
Innocence, Privacy, And Targeting In Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence, Sherry F. Colb
Innocence, Privacy, And Targeting In Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence, Sherry F. Colb
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Computers, Urinals, And The Fourth Amendment: Confessions Of A Patron Saint, Wayne R. Lafave
Computers, Urinals, And The Fourth Amendment: Confessions Of A Patron Saint, Wayne R. Lafave
Michigan Law Review
At least the title indicates that the article is somehow concerned with "the Fourth Amendment," though for anyone who knows me or is at all familiar with my work, that piece of information hardly would come as a revelation. The fact of the matter is that I almost always write about the Fourth Amendment; I am in an academic rut so deep as to deserve recognition in the Guinness Book World of Records. Search and seizure has been my cheval de bataille during my entire time as a law professor and even when I was a mere law student. …
Counter-Revolution In Constitutional Criminal Procedure? Two Audiences, Two Answers, Carol S. Steiker
Counter-Revolution In Constitutional Criminal Procedure? Two Audiences, Two Answers, Carol S. Steiker
Michigan Law Review
For the purposes of my argument, I adapt Professor Meir Dan-Cohen's distinction (which he in turn borrowed from Jeremy Bentham) between "conduct" rules and "decision" rules. Bentham and Dan-Cohen make this distinction in the context of substantive criminal law; for their purposes, "conduct" rules are addressed to the general public in order to guide its behavior (for example, "Let no person steal") and "decision" rules are addressed to public officials in order to guide their decisionmaking about the consequences of violating conduct rules (for example, "Let the judge cause whoever is convicted of stealing to be hanged"). But as any …
Criminal Procedure—Good Faith, Big Brother, And You: The United States Supreme Court's Latest Good Faith Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule. Arizona V. Evans, 115 S. Ct. 1185 (1995)., Elisa Masterson White
Criminal Procedure—Good Faith, Big Brother, And You: The United States Supreme Court's Latest Good Faith Exception To The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule. Arizona V. Evans, 115 S. Ct. 1185 (1995)., Elisa Masterson White
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Revoking The "Fishing License:" Recent Decisions Place Unwarranted Restrictions On Administrative Agencies' Power To Subpoena Personal Financial Records, Jack W. Campbell, Iv
Revoking The "Fishing License:" Recent Decisions Place Unwarranted Restrictions On Administrative Agencies' Power To Subpoena Personal Financial Records, Jack W. Campbell, Iv
Vanderbilt Law Review
The backbone of an administrative agency's effectiveness is the ability to investigate rapidly the activities of entities within the agency's jurisdiction., An agency's ability to carry out its investigative functions depends upon enforcement of the agency's administrative subpoenas. Courts have not always looked favorably upon broad agency subpoena power. The implementation of the New Deal and the exigencies of World War II created a need for increased administrative oversight of national affairs. Courts began to recognize the usefulness of proactive administrative government. Concurrent supreme court decisions reflected this philosophical change by adopting highly deferential views of administrative subpoena enforcement. This …
The Clipper Chip Proposal: Deciphering The Unfounded Fears That Are Wrongfully Derailing Its Implementation, 29 J. Marshall L. Rev. 475 (1996), Howard S. Dakoff
The Clipper Chip Proposal: Deciphering The Unfounded Fears That Are Wrongfully Derailing Its Implementation, 29 J. Marshall L. Rev. 475 (1996), Howard S. Dakoff
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
University Of Colorado V. Derdeyn: The Constitutionality Of Random, Suspicionless Urinalysis Drug-Testing Of College Athletes, Robert L. Roshkoff
University Of Colorado V. Derdeyn: The Constitutionality Of Random, Suspicionless Urinalysis Drug-Testing Of College Athletes, Robert L. Roshkoff
Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )
No abstract provided.
Informants And The Fourth Amendment: A Reconsideration, Tracey Maclin
Informants And The Fourth Amendment: A Reconsideration, Tracey Maclin
UF Law Faculty Publications
This Article argues that the Court's current interpretation of the Fourth Amendment, which sanctions the government's authority to insert secret spies and informants into our lives, is misguided. Part I highlights the historical background of the Fourth Amendment to show why its procedural safeguards are relevant when considering whether the government should be free of constitutional restraint when deploying informants and spies in our homes and offices. Part II will explain and critique the Court's cases on informants. Part III contends that the Court's doctrine on informants rests on a fallacious conception of privacy. As an alternative to the current …
State Constitutional Jurisprudence: Decision Making At The New York Court Of Appeals, Michael Hutter, Vincent Bonventre, Luke Bierman
State Constitutional Jurisprudence: Decision Making At The New York Court Of Appeals, Michael Hutter, Vincent Bonventre, Luke Bierman
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
To Act Or Not? That Is The Question: Self-Incrimination And The Sole Proprietor, Raymond G. Keenan
To Act Or Not? That Is The Question: Self-Incrimination And The Sole Proprietor, Raymond G. Keenan
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Rights Of The Accused In A 'Crime Crisis', Yale Kamisar
The Rights Of The Accused In A 'Crime Crisis', Yale Kamisar
Book Chapters
"I grieve for my country to say that the administration of the criminal law in all the states in the Union (there may be one or two exceptions) is a disgrace to our civilization .... The institution of trial by jury has come to be regarded as such a fetish in our country that state legislatures have exalted the power of the jury and diminished the power of the court .... The counsel for the defense, relying on the diminished power of the court, creates, by dramatic art and by harping on the importance of unimportant details, a false atmosphere …
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Restrictions On Law Enforcement Investigation And Prosecution Of Crime, Paul Marcus
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.