Fourteenth Amendment Commons^™

Equal Protection: A Closer Look At Closer Scrutiny, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note proposes to restore means-end analysis to legal respectability through a comprehensive integrated approach to purpose, misfit, and balancing. The search for a rational basis is meaningless if there are no constraints on the kind of purpose which may justify a classification. Therefore, this Note initially explores ways in which a court can more rigorously scrutinize statutory purpose. The next significant question is how a court should evaluate the degree of coincidence between the class picked out by the law and the class which would be picked out if the law were to achieve its goals. Such "misfit" analysis …

Racial Vote Dilution In Multimember Districts: The Constitutional Standard After Washington V. Davis, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues that the effect-oriented standard for multimember-district vote-dilution claims is unaffected by the Washington intent requirement. Part I outlines the manner in which multimember districts can dilute minority voting strength. After summarizing Washington's intent requirement, Part II surveys the post-Washington vote dilution cases and demonstrates that the applicability of the intent standard to vote dilution claims is uncertain. Part III first suggests two ways in which White and Washington may be reconciled. That section then argues that White is unaffected by the intent requirement because the standard for vote dilution fits within a fundamental interest analysis …

Ix. Habeas Corpus And Prisoners' Rights

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bradwell V. State: Some Reflections Prompted By Myra Bradwell's Hard Case That Made "Bad Law", Charles E. Corker

Washington Law Review

Bradwell and Slaughter-House deserve study together for a second reason. These two decisions provide useful lessons for our time about the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).10 They demonstrate that the consequences of a constitutional amendment—particularly one written in abstract and grand terms like the fourteenth amendment or the ERA—are unpredictable and dependent upon imponderables such as the sequence of cases on the Court's calendar.

Procedural Due Process And The Rules Of Evidence—Federal Impeachment Of The Voucher Rules—Welcome V. Vincent, 549 F.2d 853 (2d Cir.), Cert. Denied, 97 S. Ct. 2960 (1977), Bruce D. Garrison

Washington Law Review

Appellant, Ernest Welcome, was convicted in a New York state supreme court on charges of murdering two real estate brokers in their Bronx office. Before indicting Welcome, the State tried another party, Albert Cunningham, for the same offenses. Cunningham had admitted his participation in the crimes to police, giving an accurate account of the date, time, and location of the shootings. After a separate evidentiary hearing, the state court held that his confession to police had been voluntary and thus was admissible against him. Nevertheless, the charges against Cunningham were dropped in mid-trial. At his trial, Welcome called Cunningham as …

Spooner V. Askew, 345 So. 2d 1055 (Fla. 1976), Charles A. Johnson

Florida State University Law Review

Ad Valorem Taxation- RATIFICATION OF FLORIDA'S AD VALOREM TAX STRUCTURE: REJECTION OF AN EQUAL PROTECTION CHALLENGE.

Village Of Arlington Heights V. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., 97 S. Ct. 555 (1977), Karen K. Kinkennon

Florida State University Law Review

Zoning- DISCRIMINATORY INTENT MUST BE PROVED BEFORE COURTS MAY REACH FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT EQUAL PROTECTION ISSUES.

A Due Process Dilemma: Pretrial Detention In Juvenile Delinquincy Proceedings, 11 J. Marshall J. Of Prac. & Proc. 513 (1978), Peter A. Shamburek

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Applying Stone V. Powell: Full And Fair Litigation Of A Fourth Amendment Habeas Corpus Claim

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Demise Of Procedural Protections In Laywitness Identifications In Federal Court: Who Is The Culprit?, John F. Decker, Richard J. Moriarty, Edward Albert

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Bakke Revisited - What The Court's Decision Means - And Doesn't Mean, Douglas D. Scherer

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Constitution Goes To Harvard, Henry Paul Monaghan

Faculty Scholarship

Doctrinal disorder haunts a generation of Supreme Court decisions construing and applying the strands of the fourteenth amendment. But in a confusion contest between the Court and academic writers on constitutional law, picking a winner would be no simple task. Those of us in the academy, despite our comparatively ample time for reflection, have long resisted discussion of fundamental issues.

Professors Tribe and Michelman, two of our ablest writers, illustrate my point in their provocative recent essays on National League of Cities v. Usery. Neither purports to erect more adequate scaffolding for the decision's federalism foundation. Rather, each attempts …

Is The Exclusionary Rule An 'Illogical' Or 'Unnatural' Interpretation Of The Fourth Amendment?, Yale Kamisar

Articles

More than 50 years have passed since the Supreme Court decided the Weeks case, barring the use in federal prosecutions of evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, and the Silverthorne case, invoking what has come to be known as the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine. The justices who decided those cases would, I think, be quite surprised to learn that some day the value of the exclusionary rule would be measured by-and the very life of the rule might depend on-an empirical evaluation of its efficacy in deterring police misconduct. These justices were engaged in a less …

Zablocki V. Redhail, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Penn Central Transportation Company V. New York City, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

New York V. Cathedral Academy, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Board Of Curators Of The University Of Missouri V. Horowitz, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Bell V. Ohio, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Lockett V. Ohio, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Foley V. Connelie, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

The Creditor, The Debtor And The Fourteenth Amendment, Elwin Griffith

Mercer Law Review

There has been much commentary on the rights and liabilities arising out of the debtor-creditor relationship. Much of that discussion has centered on the constitutional issues related to the use of such remedies as garnishment, attachment, replevin and repossession. The controversial issue in repossession has been the propriety and constitutionality of the self-help provision of §9-503 of the Uniform Commercial Code. These remedies have provoked discussion when creditors have used them without giving notice and a hearing to debtors.

Illegitimates And Equal Protection, David Hallissey

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Illegitimates often have been discriminated against by legislatures in the enactment of statutes, as well as by courts which have sanctioned such legislation. This article will examine the judicial response to legislative treatment of the illegitimate in social insurance, loss compensation, and intestacy statutes. Emphasizing the Supreme Court's analysis of the legal status of illegitimates in terms of the equal protection clause, it will also discuss how the principle of equal protection may be applied in order to reduce the number of illegitimates denied the benefit and protection of the law.

General Electric Company V. Gilbert: The Plight Of The Working Woman, 11 J. Marshall J. Prac. & Proc. 215 (1977), Marcia Lynn Cohen

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Procedural Due Process And The Convicted Prisoner, 10 J. Marshall J. Of Prac. & Proc. 313 (1977), James A. Pitts

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Racial Preferences In Higher Education: Political Responsibility And The Judicial Role, Terrance Sandalow

Book Chapters

... Professors John Hart Ely and Richard Posner have established diametrically opposed positions in the debate. Their contributions are of special interest because each undertakes to answer the question within the framework of a theory concerning the proper distribution of authority between the judiciary and the other institutions of government

...Professor Ely [see pp. 208-216, herein] defends the constitutionality of racial preferences, essentially on the ground that the equal-protection clause should not be read to prevent a majority from discriminating between itself and a minority only to its own disadvantage. The predicate for an active judicial role is lacking, ... …

Government By Judiciary: The Transformation Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Gerard E. Lynch

Faculty Scholarship

As its title suggests, Raoul Berger's Government by Judiciary states an extreme version of a familiar thesis: The Supreme Court has abandoned its proper role as interpreter of the Constitution and has usurped the power to act as a third legislative chamber. Like kadis under a tree, the Court creates law from mere personal predilections. The main instrument of this judicial coup has been the fourteenth amendment. Government by Judiciary is an historian's book, strongest when using the historian's tools to illuminate the past. Underlying this research, however, is a remarkably simplistic theory of constitutional interpretation, a theory that forms …

The Supreme Court And The Constitutional Rights Of Prisoners: A Reappraisal, Emily Calhoun

Publications

No abstract provided.

Of "Liberty" And "Property", Henry Paul Monaghan

Faculty Scholarship

After a century of experience, we are now thoroughly accustomed to viewing the fourteenth amendment as imposing upon the experimentation otherwise permitted in our fifty separate "laboratories" limitations that do not materially differ from those fastened upon the national government by the bill of rights. The history of this evolution is far too well known to justify rehearsing here even in the barest outline. But it bears noting that few, if any, observers believe that the language of the amendment has played a significant role in this historical evolution. Here, as elsewhere, "[b]ehind the words ... are postulates which limit …

Can Distraint Stand Up As A Landlord’S Remedy?, Gerald Korngold

Articles & Chapters

Though a landlord's right of seizure is well established in the common law and provided for by the laws of many states, some federal courts have found distraint procedures to be incompatible with Fourteenth Amendment due process requirements. This article examines the constitutionality and validity of the present Pennsylvania distraint statute, surveys the cases dealing with the issue, and reviews some recent decisions concerning due process which are relevant to the determination of the statute's constitutionality. The Pennsylvania experience can serve as an example for practitioners in other jurisdictions since, most of them have had few, if any, cases concerning …

Bakke: A Compelling Need To Discriminate, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

Two of America's most cherished values collided head-on a few months ago, when the U.S. Supreme Court began to come to grips with the most significant civil rights suit since the school desegregation cases of 1954. Arrayed on one side is the principle of governmental "color-blindness," the appealing notion that the color of a person's skin should have nothing to do with the distribution of benefits or burdens by the state. Set against it is the goal of a truly integrated society, and the tragic realization that this objective cannot be achieved within the foreseeable future unless race and color …