Fourteenth Amendment Commons^™

Challenging Land Use Actions Under Section 1983: Washington Law After Mission Springs, Inc. V. City Of Spokane, Eric Jenkins

Washington Law Review

Federal law, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, provides a cause of action against persons who use state or local law to deprive individuals of constitutional rights. Federal circuit courts have been reluctant to apply § 1983 to commonplace land use grievances because of the local character of land use planning and a belief that only the most egregious misuse of zoning power can implicate a party's substantive due process rights. To limit the number of claims that can be brought under § 1983, the federal circuits have narrowly defined what property rights are protected by the Fourteenth Amendment and have held …

"Distinctions Without A Difference"; How The Sixth Circuit Misread Romer V. Evans, Jason D. Kimpel

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Monuments To The Past In A Leveling Wind, Benjamin Means

Michigan Law Review

Early in the twentieth century, the Emperor Franz Joseph sponsored a monument to Hungary's history - a Millennium Monument containing statues of the country's heroes, as well as statues of the proud sponsor and his family (p. 5). When the communists took over in 1919, the statues of Franz Joseph and the rest of the Hapsburgs were dragged out of the Millennium Monument and replaced with more politically correct statuary (p. 8). Counterrevolutionaries, though, retook the country and reinstated the Hapsburg Statues in the Millennium Monument - until a later regime once again reshuffled the millennial display (pp. 9-10). Professor …

The Constitutional Right Of Poor People To Appeal Without Payment Of Fees: Convergence Of Due Process And Equal Protection In M.L.B. V. S.L.J, Lloyd C. Anderson

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In this Article, Professor Lloyd Anderson examines the recent decision M.L.B. v. S.L.J., in which the United States Supreme Court held that due process and equal protection converge to require that states cannot require indigent parents who seek to appeal decisions terminating their parental rights to pay court costs they cannot afford. Noting that this decision expands the constitutional right of cost-free appeal from criminal to civil cases for the first time, Professor Anderson discusses the characteristics a civil case should have in order to qualify for such a right. Professor Anderson proposes a number of other civil cases, …

Continuing The Trend Toward Equality: The Eradication Of Racially And Sexually Discriminatory Provisions In Private Trusts, Katheryn F. Voyer

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Racially and sexually discriminatory private trusts are presumed to be valid under traditional common law governing dispositions of property. Most courts have held that if the state plays a "passive" role, only private actors are involved and the Fourteenth Amendment is not implicated The United States Supreme Court, however, has declared in one context that discriminatory charitable trusts violate public policy and are unconstitutional. This Note argues that because private trusts involve unlawful state action and are not purely private, courts have an affirmative obligation imposed by the Supreme Court and a moral responsibility because of well-established public policy against …

Keel V. French 162 F.3d 263 (4th Cir. 1998)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Bramblett V. Commonwealth Nos. 981394, 981395, 1999 Wl 101069 (Va. Feb. 26, 1999)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Cherrix V. Commonwealth Nos. 981798, 982063, 1999 Wl 101077 (Va. Feb. 26, 1999)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Swisher V. Commonwealth 506 S.E.2d 763 (Va. 1998)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Calderon V. Coleman 119 S. Ct. 500 (1998)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Jenkins V. Angelone No. 98-13, 1999 Wl 9944 (4th Cir. Jan. 12, 1999)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Johnson V. Moore Nos. 97-33, 97-7801, 1998 Wl 708691 (4th Cir. Sept. 24, 1998)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Sheppard V. Taylor No. 98-12, 1998 Wl 743663 (4th Cir. Oct. 23, 1998)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Hedrick V. Commonwealth Nos. 98-2055, 98-2056, 1999 Wl 101079 (Va. Feb. 26, 1999)

Capital Defense Journal

No abstract provided.

Race, Class, Caste…? Rethinking Affirmative Action, Clark D. Cunningham, N.R. Madhava Menon

Michigan Law Review

Many who oppose affirmative action programs in the United States because they use "racial" categories such as black, African American, or Latino, claim that equally effective and more equitable programs can be developed using only class categories, such as "low income." A key test case for the "race v. class" debate is admission to law schools, made urgent by recent legal prohibitions on the use of "race" in the admission procedures to state universities in California, Washington, and Texas. An empirical study by Linda Wightman, the former director of research for the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), has shown that …

Affirmative Action, Caste, And Cultural Comparisons, Cass R. Sunstein

Michigan Law Review

What is permitted, and what is prohibited, by the equality principle of a liberal democracy? Does affirmative action run afoul of that principle? And where should we look to answer these questions? Many critics of affirmative action take it as axiomatic that affirmative action violates the equality principle. But this is far from clear. Every law classifies. The current law of equality itself classifies by, for example, treating discrimination on the basis of race differently from discrimination on the basis of age. No one thinks that the law of equality is, for this reason, inconsistent with the Equal Protection Clause. …

Drum Majors For Justice, F. Michael Higginbotham, José F. Anderson

All Faculty Scholarship

Many lawyers worked with the legendary Thurgood Marshall to overturn the Supreme Court's infamous separate but equal doctrine, which had permitted racial segregation in schools and public accommodations. But while most Marylanders are aware of Marshall's contribution, few recognize the name of his colleague, William I. Gosnell.

At that time, Gosnell was one of only 32 black lawyers in the state of Maryland. In fact, due to the state's racial segregation policy, both he and Marshall had received scholarships to attend out- of-state law schools. They were denied entry to the University of Maryland because of their skin color. While …

Access Denied: Incarcerated Juveniles And Their Right Of Access To Courts, Amy E. Webbink

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

In the current flux of an increasingly punitive juvenile justice system, one of the system's great injustices receives little attention. Unconstitutional conditions of confinement for juveniles do not receive appropriate legal exposure. Challenges to these conditions are more difficult in light of the Supreme Court's recent restriction of a prisoner's right of access to the courts. This Note will analyze why a different standard of "meaningful access" is necessary to protect juveniles.

No-Drop Prosecution Of Domestic Violence: Just Good Policy, Or Equal Protection Mandate?, Kalyani Robbins

Faculty Publications

Domestic violence is a problem that must be dealt with for what it is: a criminal act. The only way to effectively diminish it is through the full force of the criminal justice system, which must treat domestic violence the same as it treats crime by strangers. The purpose of this note is to argue that aggressive prosecution of domestic violence-at least to the same extent that other violent crimes are prosecuted-is mandated by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Part I will examine the extent of the problems that pervade the criminal justice system, both historically and …

From Enemies Of The Crown To Regional Telephone Companies: Bills Of Attainder Reappraised, Michael L. Landsman

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Practicing Medicine Without A License: Legislative Attempts To Mandate Chemical Castration For Repeat Sex Offenders, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 381 (1999), Lisa Keesling

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

What Spending Clause? - (Or The President's Paramour): An Examination Of The Views Of Hamilton, Madison, And Story On Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 Of The United States Constitution, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 81 (1999), Jeffrey T. Renz

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Federal Bribery Statute And The Ethics Of Purchasing Testimony, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 209 (1999), Camille Knight

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The New Federalism And The Ada: State Sovereign Immunity From Private Damage Suits After Boerne, Roger C. Hartley

Scholarly Articles

State sanctioned disability-based discrimination comes in two basic flavors: prejudice and thoughtlessness. The former takes disability into consideration, while the latter ignores it. The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause prohibits the prejudice but not the thoughtlessness, at least when the latter is unassociated with irrational assumptions based on myths, fears and stereotypes. Unlike most other civil rights statutes, the Americans With Disabilities Act (hereinafter "ADA" or "Act") prohibits both prejudice and thoughtlessness and aptly has been characterized as a "second-generation civil rights statute."

Unfortunately, the ADA's claim to innovation might yet prove to be its constitutional Achilles heel. Across the …

The Abortion Right, Originalism, And The Fourteenth Amendment, Steven Graines, Justin Wyatt

Cleveland State Law Review

In this article, the Privileges or Immunities Clause will be re-conceived in its original context, at the center of the Fourteenth Amendment. This re-conception includes the assumption that The Slaughter-House Cases" were decided incorrectly.'" The contention of the article is that abortion restrictions, as a specific originalist matter, can be considered economic legislation and that they also economically burden women, such that they unconstitutionally abridge two privileges or immunities, the Lochnerian liberties to contract and the engagement in any of the common occupations. Specifically, abortion restrictions violate "the prohibition on redistributive 'class' legislation ... that was deeply rooted in the …

Minority Preferences Reconsidered, Terrance Sandalow

Reviews

During the academic year 1965-66, at the height of the civil rights movement, the University of Michigan Law School faculty looked around and saw not a single African-American student. The absence of any black students was not, it should hardly need saying, attributable to a policy of purposeful exclusion. A black student graduated from the Law School as early as 1870, and in the intervening years a continuous flow of African-American students, though not a large number, had been admitted and graduated. Some went on to distinguished careers in the law.

The Bill Of Rights As An Exclamation Point, Gary S. Lawson

Faculty Scholarship

Akhil Amar's The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction ("The Bill of Rights")' is one of the best law books of the twentieth century. That is not surprising, as it grows out of two of the best law review articles of the twentieth century' and was written by one of the century's premier legal scholars. I have been an unabashed Akhil Amar fan ever since our overlapping law school days more than fifteen years ago, and I am thrilled to have my perspicacity and good judgment vindicated by the publication of this remarkable work.

State Laws Criminalizing Female Circumcision: A Violation Of The Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 353 (1999), Shea Lita Bond

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court increasingly has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as a mandate for the state to treat citizens as if they were equal-as a limitation on the state's ability to draw distinctions on the basis of characteristics such as race and, to a lesser extent, gender. In the context of race, the Court has struck down not only race-specific policies designed to harm the historically oppressed, but race conscious policies designed to foster racial equality. Although in theory the Court has left open the possibility that benign uses of race may be constitutional under some set of facts, in …

Delegation As A Danger To Liberty, Nadine Strossen

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.