Fourteenth Amendment Commons^™

Strategic Planning For Combating Terrorism: A Critical Examination, Arsalan M. Suleman

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article critiques the U.S. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism and the National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism, arguing that while they emphasize the ideological dimensions of terrorism, they fail to adequately address the political grievances and root causes that fuel extremist movements. It posits that a comprehensive counterterrorism strategy must integrate military, political, and social measures to effectively combat transnational terrorism.

Wake Of The Flood: Examining The Dissipation Of Property Rights Through A Model Of Post-Katrina New Orleans, Nicholas P. Devereux

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Toward A Limited-Government Theory Of Extraterritorial Detention, Robert Knowles, Marc D. Falkoff

Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Fourteenth Amendment, Same-Sex Unions, And The Supreme Court, Michael J. Perry

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Boxing Out The Big Box Retailers: The Legal And Social Impact Of Big Box Living Wage Legislation, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1339 (2007), Christine Niemczyk

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Faces Of Open Courts And The Civil Right To Counsel, 37 U. Balt. L. Rev. 21 (2007), Steven D. Schwinn

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

(Still) Constitutional School De-Segregation Strategies: Teaching Racial Literacy To Secondary School Students And Preferencing Racially-Literate Applicants To Higher Education, Michael J. Kaufman

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

In Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1, the Supreme Court declared that it will continue to scrutinize race-conscious educational decisions to insure that they are narrowly-tailored to serve a compelling governmental interest. This Article develops a strategy for enhancing racial diversity at all levels of American public education that can survive that rigorous constitutional scrutiny. The Article shows that school districts may prove that assigning a meaningful number of racially diverse students to their secondary schools is narrowly-tailored to achieve their compelling educational interest in teaching racial literacy. The constitutionality of this race-conscious educational …

Can Michigan Universities Use Proxies For Race After The Ban On Racial Preferences?, Brian T. Fitzpatrick

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

In 2003, the Supreme Court of the United States held that public universities—and the University of Michigan in particular--had a compelling reason to use race as one of many factors in their admissions processes: to reap the educational benefits of a racially diverse student body. In 2006, in response to the Supreme Court's decision, the people of Michigan approved a ballot proposal--called the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative ("MCRI")-that prohibits public universities in the state from discriminating or granting preferential treatment on the basis of race. Shortly after the MCRI was approved, a number of Michigan universities suggested that they were …

What Process Is Due In The Adjudication Of Erisa Claims?, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 811 (2007), Mark D. Debofsky

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Regulating White Desire, Reginald Oh

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This Article contends that segregationist justifications for miscegenation and segregation laws shows that those laws effectively imposed a legal duty on whites to adhere to cultural norms of endogamy. Dominant social groups enforce rules of endogamy⁠—the cultural practice of encouraging people to marry within their own social group⁠—to protect the dominant status of their individual members and of the social group in general. Thus, laws prohibiting interracial marriages regulated white desire in order to protect the dominant status of whites as a group. The Loving Court, therefore, ultimately was correct in declaring that miscegenation laws denied blacks equal protection.

Part …

The Kerr Principle, State Action, And Legal Rights, Donald J. Herzog

Articles

A Baltimore library refused to admit Louise Kerr to a training program because she was black. Not that it had anything against blacks, but its patrons did. When Kerr launched a civil suit against the library alleging a violation of equal protection of the laws, the courts credited the library's claim that it had no racist purpose, but Kerr still prevailed-even though the case occurred before Title VII and Brown v. Board of Education. Here a neutral and generally applicable rule ("serve the patrons"), when coupled with particular facts about private parties (the white patrons dislike blacks), yielded an …

Two Zones Of Prophylaxis: The Scope Of The Fourteenth Amendment Enforcement Power, Calvin R. Massey

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

In Defense Of The Roosevelt Court, Wilson Ray Huhn

Florida A & M University Law Review

The overriding purpose of the New Deal was to create opportunities for the common person to acquire a stake in society. The Roosevelt appointees to the Supreme Court were unwilling to allow either entrenched wealth or arbitrary governmental action to interfere with that objective. They remade the Constitution, but in so doing they returned the Constitution to its original purpose--the protection of personal liberty. The Roosevelt Court laid the foundation for a jurisprudence of human rights upon which the Warren Court and subsequent Supreme Courts have continued to build. Two justices presently serving on the Supreme Court--Justice Antonin Scalia and …

The War On Speech In The War On Terror: An Examination Of The Espionage Act Applied To Modern First Amendment Doctrine, Emily Posner

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Sex Required: The Impact Of Massachusetts' Same-Sex Marriage Cases On Marriages With Intersex And Transsexual Partners, Aleks Kajstura

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that the Census Bureau's practice of counting incarcerated individuals as residents of their prison locations, rather than their home communities, distorts political representation by inflating the voting power of districts with prisons and diluting that of others, undermining the principle of "one person, one vote."

The Blaine Amendment Of 1876: Harbinger Of Secularism?, Gerard V. Bradley

Journal Articles

The Blaine Amendment of 1876 was a Congressional effort to add a sixteenth amendment to the Constitution. The leading feature and central aspiration of the proposal was to prohibit the states from giving financial aid to schools run by sects. Passed overwhelmingly by the House of Representatives, the Blaine Amendment narrowly failed to secure the necessary two-thirds vote in the Senate.

This paper examines the Blaine Amendment as a political phenomenon; that is, as a Republican attempt to exploit anti-Catholic prejudice in a presidential election year. It also looks at the Blaine Amendment constitutionally; that is, for the light it …

Due Process Rights And Terrorist Emergencies, James W. Nickel

Articles

This essay discusses the grounds for due process rights (DPRs) and the permissibility of suspending them during terrorist and other emergencies. The two topics are profitably treated together because DPRs - along with freedoms of movement, expression, and political participation - are often suspended or restricted when national emergencies occur. Although I present a strong case for DPRs as human rights, this justification does not settle their priority during emergency situations. That issue raises additional questions, and I discuss some of them. The overall thrust of the essay is to defend the importance of respecting DPRs during troubled times. The …

Does Due Process Have An Original Meaning? On Originalism, Due Process, Procedural Innovation...And Parking Tickets, Lawrence Rosenthal

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Footnote Four, Dan T. Coenen

Georgia Law Review

The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Carolene Products Co. generated the most famous footnote-and perhaps the most famous passage-in all of the American Judiciary's treatment of constitutional law. Among other things, Footnote Four suggested that "prejudice against discrete and insular minorities may be a special condition, which tends seriously to curtail the operation of those political processes ordinarily to be relied upon to protect minorities, and which may call for a correspondingly more searching judicial inquiry."' The importance of this principle cannot be overstated. It pervaded the work of the Warren Court2 and has played a prominent role …

School Discipline 101: Students' Due Process Rights In Expulsion Hearings, Melissa Frydman, Shani M. King

UF Law Faculty Publications

Upholding the principle that school districts, as state actors, shall not deprive a student of liberty or property without due process of law, courts have expanded for more than four decades the Fourteenth Amendment's due process protection of public school students. Understanding this principle is essential to representing children in school discipline proceedings. Before presenting a practical guide to representing students in these proceedings, we offer a brief history of due process protection for children.

Substantive Due Process And Discourse Ethics: Rethinking Fundamental Rights Analysis, Timothy P. Loper

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Rape As A Badge Of Slavery: The Legal History Of, And Remedies For, Prosecutorial Race-Of-Victim Charging Disparities, Jeffrey J. Pokorak

Nevada Law Journal

This article explores the continuing gendered racism in rape prosecutions: the undervaluation of all rape offenses against Black women and the concomitant overvaluation of rape crimes against White women, particularly when committed by a Black man. In this article I review the legal and extra-legal factors that have historically evidenced the gendered racism in rape prosecutions. I also explore the prosecutorial methods that contribute to maintaining these racial disparities. Finally, I propose remedial actions for prosecutors, legislatures, and courts.

For most of this nation's history, raping a Black woman was simply not a crime. First, laws prevented the prosecution of …

Civil Commitment Of Sexually Violent Predators: The Search For A Limiting Principle, Aman Ahluwalia

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article challenges the legal and empirical justifications for civil commitment of sexually violent predators, arguing that current standards, such as mental abnormality and lack of control, are overly broad and lack robust empirical support. It contends that recidivism rates for sex offenders are not significantly higher than those of other offenders, undermining the rationale for civil commitment. The analysis advocates for a more nuanced approach to incapacitation, emphasizing criminal law solutions over medicalized commitments.

Human Rights And Due Process Of Law, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.

Popular Media

One of our constitutional rights, the right to due process of law, is terra incognita to most Americans, even though it is one of the most important constitutional rights. This article discusses the history of this fundamental right.

Zero Privacy: Schools Are Violating Students' Fourteenth Amendment Right Of Privacy Under The Guise Of Enforcing Zero Tolerance Policies, Elisabeth Frost

Washington Law Review

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides a right of privacy that protects against unwarranted governmental interference with an individual's contraceptive choices. This privacy right protects minors as well as adults. School officials serve as government actors for the purpose of Fourteenth Amendment analysis. Zero tolerance drug policies are school disciplinary policies that mandate predetermined and frequently severe consequences for specific offenses, often including the possession of legally prescribed or legally obtained over-the-counter medication. Zero tolerance drug policies have resulted in the often very public discipline of students for possessing a wide array of otherwise legal medication, including …

Rethinking Gender Opportunities: Nontraditional Sports Seasons And Local Preferences, Kristen Boike

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In Communities for Equity v. Michigan High School Athletic Association, the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed a district court decision, holding that the scheduling of high school girls' sports in "nontraditional" seasons in Michigan violated the Equal Protection Clause. The Supreme Court of the United States, granting certiorari, vacated and remanded this case back to the Sixth Circuit. This Note suggests reasons why the Sixth Circuit and/or the United States Supreme Court should protect the Michigan High School Athletic Association's (MHSAA) current scheduling of sports seasons. Specifically, using the model provided by Romer v. Evans and …

Foreword: Disabling Brown, Michael Ashley Stein

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

The Equal Protection Of Free Exercise: Two Approaches And Their History, Bernadette Meyler

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Contrary to critics of the Supreme Court's current equal protection approach to religious liberty, this Article contends that, from the very first federal free exercise cases, the Equal Protection and Free Exercise Clauses have been mutually intertwined. The seeds of an equal protection analysis of free exercise were, indeed, planted even before the Fourteenth Amendment within the constitutional jurisprudence of the several states. Furthermore, this Article argues, equal protection approaches should not be uniformly disparaged. Rather, the drawbacks that commentators have observed result largely from the Supreme Court's application of an inadequate version of equal protection. By ignoring the lessons …

What's The Use? The Court Takes A Stance On The Public Use Doctrine In Kelo V. City Of New London, Randy J. Bates Ii

Mercer Law Review

By a 5-4 vote in Kelo v. City of New London, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of public takings for the purpose of private economic development under the Fifth Amendment's Public Use Clause. In holding that the takings were valid, the Court concluded that it must defer to the state legislature's judgment because the takings were beneficial to the public and were within the state's police power.

Is Economic Exclusion A Legitimate State Interest? Four Recent Cases Test The Boundaries, Timothy Sandefur

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.