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Articles 61 - 90 of 111
Full-Text Articles in Evidence
The Effects Of Tucker On The Fruits Of Illegally Obtained Statements, Jeffery P. Reinhard
The Effects Of Tucker On The Fruits Of Illegally Obtained Statements, Jeffery P. Reinhard
Cleveland State Law Review
Although the Court has been careful to point out that illegally obtained statements are not admissible in the prosecution's case in chief, Michigan v. Tucker has done much to erode even that principle. In Tucker, the Court found admissible the testimony of a witness whose identity was learned solely on the basis of a statement obtained from the defendant in violation of the guidelines set forth in Miranda. Despite the Court's statement that it was significant that the interrogation preceded Miranda, and notwithstanding its reiteration of the principle that the defendant's statements would not have been admissible in the prosecution's …
Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings In Ohio: Due Process And The Hearsay Dilemma, Sara E. Strattan
Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings In Ohio: Due Process And The Hearsay Dilemma, Sara E. Strattan
Cleveland State Law Review
This comment will explore the extent to which the exclusion of hearsay evidence in a delinquency proceeding is a practical reality in the Ohio system. In so doing, the possibilities for abuse will be highlighted and suggestions for their elimination will be made, all in the spirit of the Supreme Court's mandate to provide fundamental due process safeguards to this procedure.
The Psychological Stress Evaluator: Yesterday's Dream - Tomorrow's Nightmare, Deborah Lewis Hiller
The Psychological Stress Evaluator: Yesterday's Dream - Tomorrow's Nightmare, Deborah Lewis Hiller
Cleveland State Law Review
This note will examine the manner in which the Psychological Stress Evaluator functions and explore the legal implications stemming from its use as a lie detector. More specifically, three issues which arise in connection with the use of the PSE will be discussed: first, the validity and reliability of the PSE; second, the admissibility of PSE test results in evidence; and third, the potential remedies for subjects of PSE tests who have occasion to object.
Character Evidence And The Juvenile Record, Terrence N. O'Donnell
Character Evidence And The Juvenile Record, Terrence N. O'Donnell
Cleveland State Law Review
When a youngster makes a mistake and is arrested for committing a crime, should that act, committed while he is still a juvenile, appear and reappear, to haunt the offender for the rest of his life? There are some people in this country who say that we are not tough enough with our young people. But even they would not want the life of a young person marred forever by a mistake which he made as a juvenile.
Psychologist As Expert Witness In Psychiatric Questions, Elliot R. Levine
Psychologist As Expert Witness In Psychiatric Questions, Elliot R. Levine
Cleveland State Law Review
When the seeking of truth and the dispensing of justice require Wan evaluation of a litigant's mental functioning, the courts have traditionally looked to medically trained psychiatrists to serve as expert witnesses. In his private practice the psychiatrist frequently uses the consultative services of a clinical psychologist because psychological tests are more quantitative, less subjective, and more sensitive to the nuances of personality deviation than are the traditional psychiatric evaluative techniques. The psychologist can offer to the court, as well as the medical profession can, the opportunity for the utilization of the most scientific means and methods of appraising personality. …
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The purpose of this paper is to examine various treaty provisions in an effort to ascertain the manner in which a consular officer's obligation to testify is set forth, the immunities given such an officer and some of the problems raised by both the obligation and the immunities.
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Consular Officer's Amenability As Witness, Stephen J. Werber
Cleveland State Law Review
Contrary to the extensive immunities granted to members of the diplomatic service, members of consular posts are given only limited privileges and immunities. The existence and limitation of consular immunities arise by virtue of the office. Thus the consular officer can be called upon to testify in both civil and criminal matters under common law, international law, and treaty provision. In the absence of a treaty, consuls are generally exempt from giving testimony relating to matters acquired within the scope of their official duties or as to material contained in the consular archives. The purpose of this paper is to …
The Mere Evidence Rule: Need For Re-Evaluation, Leona M. Hudak
The Mere Evidence Rule: Need For Re-Evaluation, Leona M. Hudak
Cleveland State Law Review
This article is limited to the "mere evidence rule" as enunciated in Gouled v. United States; a brief historical sketch of the genesis of the search warrant; the two landmark decisions leading to Gouled; and, an overview of its impact upon American law, with reference to major landmark decisions. A thorough study of the rule and its application and interpretation in the various courts of the United States is book-length in proportion, as the numerous case entries under Gouled in the several editions of Shepard's United States Citations clearly illustrate. Wigmore provides a fairly comprehensive listing of decisions on illegal …
Book Review, Thomas Parker Hayes
Book Review, Thomas Parker Hayes
Cleveland State Law Review
Reviewing Albert G. Sugarman, Examining the Medical Expert: Lectures and Trial Demonstrations, Institute of Continuing Legal Education, 1969
Non-Resident Expert Testimony On Local Hospital Standards, Kent E. Baldauf
Non-Resident Expert Testimony On Local Hospital Standards, Kent E. Baldauf
Cleveland State Law Review
This issue deals with the question of whether a medical expert witness need be a resident of the particular community in order to testify as to local hospital standards in that community. Generally, in cases involving medical malpractice, the courts have held that the expert witness must have practiced in the "same" or "similar" locality as the defendant doctor in order that his testimony be held admissible to establish the standard of medical care against which the defendant is to be held.
Medical Witness' Treatment By Courts, Monroe E. Trout
Medical Witness' Treatment By Courts, Monroe E. Trout
Cleveland State Law Review
An attempt has been made to review what the courts have recently said about medical witnesses and their testimony. Many questions can be asked about particular decisions, and indeed, an entire article could be written about individual cited cases. The only purpose of this paper is to review the recent decisions in order to give you a panoramic view of the type of questions which the courts are being asked to answer about the medical witness and his testimony.
Mechanical Testimony, David J. Portmann
Mechanical Testimony, David J. Portmann
Cleveland State Law Review
This article deals with the familiar conflict of people versus machines, in considering the legal question of whether a machine can testify against an accused. It is a generally accepted principle that a person's physical appearance and characteristics are admissible in court as evidence for the purpose of identification. There is no general rule, however, which specifies what factors constitute a person's physical characteristics, and a problem arises when the courts must determine whether an accused's self-incrimination privilege is being abridged.
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
The Physician As A Witness, Robert I. Zashin
Cleveland State Law Review
As a public servant the physician, being licensed to practice medicine, has certain obligations both to the state and to his profession. His primary obligation is to give aid to his patients and offer himself as a person capable of diagnosis and treatment of human ills. It is conceded by most observers that few professions require more careful preparation than that of medicine. However, a doctor's skill is not always to be found in his office. He is now often called upon to "battle" in the courts as an expert witness. In the growing interrelationship between law and medicine, the …
The Conspiracy Of Silence: Physician's View, Carl E. Wasmuth
The Conspiracy Of Silence: Physician's View, Carl E. Wasmuth
Cleveland State Law Review
To many a physican, law suits, courts, and occasionally law- yers themselves are anathema. Schooled in the sciences, his life is dedicated to the practice of medicine. He is a man of conviction and of purpose. He is articulate and even at times loqua- cious. These qualities would lead one to believe that the physician would be well equipped, quite willing, and capable of appearing as an expert witness in a court of law. Quite to the contrary, the physician most generally is unwilling to be a legal witness. In fact, the entire subject of law suits often is repugnant …
How To Handle Medico-Legal Semantics, Hugh Miracle
How To Handle Medico-Legal Semantics, Hugh Miracle
Cleveland State Law Review
One of the main objectives of counsel in evidence presentation, both from the plaintiff and the defense side, is to instill in the minds of the jury a sufficiently clear and understandable knowledge of the medical facts of the case. In order to reach such a result, it is helpful to consider the medico-legal work in a trial from the viewpoint of semantics.
Judicial Notice Of Scientific Facts, Jon C. Kleri
Judicial Notice Of Scientific Facts, Jon C. Kleri
Cleveland State Law Review
The practical purpose of judicial notice is to dispense with the necessity of taking proof to establish a well known or accepted fact or proposition. However, courts are not bound to take judicial notice of matters of fact. Their acceptance or rejection is dependent upon the nature and scope of the subject matter as it relates to the issues in any given case in conjunction with the overall justice applicable to the matter. A court will not take judicial notice of a fact where there is doubt or uncertainty regarding its acceptance or notoriety.
Motions In Limine, Tom H. Davis
Motions In Limine, Tom H. Davis
Cleveland State Law Review
Defendant's attorney in a tort or personal injury case can fumble, stumble and fall and win. A plaintiff's attorney can try his case perfectly and still lose. Since any charge of prejudicial tactics brought against the plaintiff usually will be more harmful than one brought against the defendant, it is the duty of the plaintiff's attorney to keep the case like "Caesar's wife," if he can.One of the best ways to accomplish this is through a motion in limine. For those who are not familiar with this practice, it is a motion, heard in advance of jury selection, which asks …
Presentation Of Evidence In A "Whiplash" Or Cervical Sprain Case, Gibson B. Witherspoon
Presentation Of Evidence In A "Whiplash" Or Cervical Sprain Case, Gibson B. Witherspoon
Cleveland State Law Review
By 1963 claims paid by insurance companies for "whiplash" injuries amounted to more than thirty per cent of the total claims paid. It was natural that the insurance companies began a campaign to discredit "whiplash" claims. The industry has been most successful in convincing many judges and jurors that these injuries often are faked by those claiming them. Since the publication of several articles concerning these neck injuries, the insurance industry has adopted a very cynical approach to all "whiplash" injuries. No other injury in the history of American jurisprudence has been the subject of such unfavorable publicity.
Federal Tax Returns As Evidence In Non-Tax Cases, Laurence Glazer
Federal Tax Returns As Evidence In Non-Tax Cases, Laurence Glazer
Cleveland State Law Review
Many cases deal with the use of Federal tax returns in non-tax cases. The inherent danger in subjecting tax returns to discovery at pre-trial and admission at trial, is the unnecessary disclosure of confidential information. Yet, when income tax returns are material and relevant to the claims of the parties litigant, a contention of privileged communication should not be used to defeat justice.
Conspiracy Of Silence, Richard M. Markus
Conspiracy Of Silence, Richard M. Markus
Cleveland State Law Review
The requirement that independent expert medical testimony establish the proper standard of care and the defendant's failure to meet that standard imposes an almost insurmountable obstacle in many cases. The so-called conspiracy of silence has been recognized, as a matter of judicial notice, by courts in New Jersey, California, and elsewhere. The use of that phrase to describe the unavailability of medical witnesses has particularly dramatic force which impresses a court and jury. However, no apt phrase could detract from the reality of this practical problem which faces an attorney representing a client seeking damages from a physician for professional …
Is It Error To Discuss Conspiracy Of Silence In A Malpractice Trial, Robert L. Starks
Is It Error To Discuss Conspiracy Of Silence In A Malpractice Trial, Robert L. Starks
Cleveland State Law Review
There is a need in most malpractice suits to impress the jury with the operation and effect of the conspiracy of silence,and in most jurisdictions, to do so would apparently not, and certainly should not, result in reversible error if done in a reasonable and temperate manner.
Special Law For Medical Specialists, Bernard R. Koehne, James G. Young
Special Law For Medical Specialists, Bernard R. Koehne, James G. Young
Cleveland State Law Review
We do not question the need for, or the benefits of specialization, but rather point to some of the confusion which results, in legal cases involving the medical specialist. The apparent contradiction that appears in proceedings involving specialists is illustrated by two cases where the patient's heart stopped beating while on the operating table.
Positive Handling Of The Negative X-Ray, Lawrence V. Hastings
Positive Handling Of The Negative X-Ray, Lawrence V. Hastings
Cleveland State Law Review
Defense counsel usually pounce on "negative" x-rays, i.e., ones which show little or no change from before to after the accident. They triumphantly parade admissions from medical witnesses that "the x-rays in the case are totally negative," before a jury which is enormously impressed through abysmal ignorance of what x-rays can and do show. Thus, the problem facing counsel for the injured party is how most persuasively to acquaint the jury with means of properly evaluating x-rays in view of their significant attributes and their deficiencies. Plaintiff's counsel must somehow explain the purpose of x-rays, augment their limited information, and/or …
American Life Expectancy Tables, And Foreigners, Rita Page
American Life Expectancy Tables, And Foreigners, Rita Page
Cleveland State Law Review
It is the court's duty to see that the facts admitted into evidence do not tend to distort, mislead, or confuse the jury regarding the damages to be awarded. This the court cannot do if United States life expectancy tables are accepted as relevant to the life expectancy of a foreign national. Therefore, the United States tables should be deemed inadmissible by the court in such cases. The court should then turn to the relevant foreign table as the only life expectancy table admissible in evidence.
Investigation Of Fatal Gunshot Wounds, Justin C. Smith
Investigation Of Fatal Gunshot Wounds, Justin C. Smith
Cleveland State Law Review
Certain routine steps are taken in investigating fatal injury inflicted by a firearm either as a result of foul play or accident. A fatal gunshot case presents many challenging medicallegal problems which involve cooperation among the forensic pathologist, firearms identification expert, laboratory technician and the police. The belief that an "expert" can view the body and without further corroborating evidence testify in court as to the range at which this person was shot and the calibre of the weapon is one of the most common fallacies. Since the average person interested in law enforcement is generally not trained in medicine …
Finding An Expert Witness In The Sciences, Ralph K. Davies
Finding An Expert Witness In The Sciences, Ralph K. Davies
Cleveland State Law Review
To the uninitiated a classification of diversified sciences upsets the notion that science is one field of knowledge. There are times when even a scientist in one area has difficulty in locating an expert in another area. How then does one find a scientific expert?
Subjective Complaints V. Objective Signs, David I. Sindell, Irwin N. Perr
Subjective Complaints V. Objective Signs, David I. Sindell, Irwin N. Perr
Cleveland State Law Review
The word "versus" in the title presents what we think is one of the most important problems of plaintiff trial lawyers today. After years of preparation, we submit our case to a jury; our medical witnesses offer testimony based on long time observation, treatment and evaluation. Then, in walks the defendant's doctor and proceeds to plunge a dagger into our case by calling our client either a malingerer or a neurotic, or just a plain liar. He testifies that he saw none of the objective signs that our medical examiners found, and concludes that all of the subjective complaints are …
Semantics Of Traumatic Causation, Richard M. Markus
Semantics Of Traumatic Causation, Richard M. Markus
Cleveland State Law Review
Sometime before the trial of every personal injury case, each lawyer involved must make sure that the physicians whom he will call to testify understand the legal meaning of certain medical words. Counsel have not sufficiently prepared their case from a medical viewpoint, when they have ascertained the trauma sustained and its medical consequences. The lawyer must also educate the doctor about legal technicalities which will control the significance of the doctor's testimony. Among the most important formal requirements on the physician's testimony are those which relate to the language of causation. This article will discuss the views of various …
Legal By-Products Of Chemical Testing For Intoxication, M. C. Slough, Paul E. Wilson
Legal By-Products Of Chemical Testing For Intoxication, M. C. Slough, Paul E. Wilson
Cleveland State Law Review
One among many problems of national moment is the intoxicated motorist. Legislators have long fumbled for remedies to halt a wave of senseless killing and mutilation that has resulted from an unhappy combination of ethyl alcohol and mechanical power. Convictions in court have been too difficult to halt a wave of senseless killing and mutilation that has reconstructive and effective legal control. Jurors themselves, have often been hesitant to convict because the sum total of objective evidence produced has not convinced them that the subjects they were judging had actually been drunk or intoxicated.
Autopsy Evidence, Garcon Weiss
Autopsy Evidence, Garcon Weiss
Cleveland State Law Review
Frequently death results in legal problems, either civil or criminal, the solutions of which depend on the cause of death. The autopsy (necropsy), or post-mortem examination, is the scientific method of determining the cause of death. An autopsy is the careful inspection of the external and internal structures of the body. There are two types of autopsy, the medical autopsy and the medico-legal autopsy. This article is limited to the use of the autopsy for medico-legal purposes, i.e., for obtaining and submitting evidence.