Evidence Commons^™

Evidence Illegally Seized By Private Persons Excluded From Criminal Prosecution--People V. Mccomb, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

At common law, illegally seized evidence was admissible on the theory that the nature of the seizure did not necessarily affect the probative value of the evidence. However, in 1914 the United States Supreme Court, in order to protect the fourth amendment's guarantee of freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures, adopted a rule excluding from federal courts evidence illegally seized by federal officials. In 1961, the scope of this rule was extended by Mapp v. Ohio, which held that all evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment is inadmissible in state courts. However, the Mapp doctrine applies only …

Grand Jury Secrecy, Richard M. Calkins

Michigan Law Review

When a leading state such as Illinois enacts "reform" legislation, an impact on the legislatures of other jurisdictions may be anticipated. Accordingly, a need exists for an examination of this legislation in the light of the common-law background of grand jury secrecy and for a further analysis of it in the face of the growing trend toward more liberalized discovery of grand jury minutes in other jurisdictions. It is the contention of the author that such an empirical study will demonstrate that this legislation adopted by Illinois is contrary to all modern judicial thinking and is, in fact, a retrogressive …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Antitrust Law--Violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act by Joint Venture

==============================

Civil Rights--Anti-discrimination Law as a Vehicle for a Private Civil Action

==============================

Condemnation--Landowner Cannot Recover From Federal Government for Damages Caused Before Date of Taking Where Government Did Not Previously Contemplate, Condemning Property

==============================

Constitutional Law--Loss of Nationality--Foreign Residency Statute Held Violative of Due Process

==============================

Constitutional Law--Reapportionment--Both Houses of a State Legislature Must Be Based as Nearly as Is Practicable on Population

==============================

Constitutional Law--Twenty-first Amendment--Scope of State Power Over Intoxicants Moving Within Its Borders

==============================

Evidence--Statutory Presumptions--Reasonableness Is Implicit in Test of Rational Connection

============================== …

Betts V. Brady Twenty Years Later: The Right To Counself And Due Process Values, Yale Kamisar

Michigan Law Review

I am quite distressed by talk that the landmark case of Mapp v. Ohio "suggests by analogy" that the Court may now overrule Betts v. Brady. For whether one talks about the fourth or the sixth amendment, there is much to be said for Justice Harlan's dissenting views in Mapp. "[W]hatever configurations ... have been developed in the particularizing federal precedents" should not be "deemed a part of 'ordered liberty,' and as such ... enforceable against the States .... [W]e would not be true to the Fourteenth Amendment were we merely to stretch the general principle [ of …

Abstracts Of Recent Cases, Charles Henry Rudolph Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law--Unlawful Search And Seizure--Evidence Obtained Thereby Not Admissible In State Courts, John Templeton Kay Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Some Problems Of Evidence Before The Labor Arbitrator, R. W. Fleming

Michigan Law Review

Legal rules of evidence do not, of course, apply before the labor arbitrator. This is not surprising since such rules were developed in connection with jury trials, and do not apply strictly in any tribunal but a jury-court. The whole theory of the arbitration tribunal is that it is composed of experts who repeatedly inquire into a relatively homogeneous kind of cases. Exclusionary rules are hardly required as a precautionary measure. Indeed, as the late Harry Shulman said in his classic Oliver Wendell Holmes lecture at Harvard in 1955, "The more serious danger is not that the arbitrator will hear …

Criminal Procedure - Search And Seizure - Federal Court Injunction Against State Officer To Suppress Illegally Obtained Evidence In State Court, S. Anthony Benton

Michigan Law Review

Federal customs enforcement officers suspected plaintiff of theft from a waterfront pier. In the course of their investigation they searched plaintiff's home without a search warrant and detained plaintiff for questioning without first bringing him before a federal commissioner. Both acts violated the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Defendant, a state officer, although not a participant in the search, was present during the illegal detention at the invitation of the federal officers. Plaintiff obtained an order in federal district court enjoining defendant from giving any testimony or producing any evidence in state criminal proceedings against him with respect to property …

Constitutional Law - Persons Entitled To Raise Constitutional Questions - Standing To Suppress Evidence Obtained In Violation Of The Fourth Amendment, William R. Nicholas

Michigan Law Review

Federal officers arrested petitioner upon finding narcotics in an awning outside the window of E's apartment which petitioner was using as "a friend" of E. Charged with possession of contraband narcotics, petitioner moved to suppress the evidence claiming the warrant to search the apartment was issued to the officers without probable cause. The district court denied petitioner's motion on the ground that he lacked standing to make it. At trial a renewed motion to suppress was denied, and on appeal the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed the ruling of the district court. On certiorari …

Constitutional Law--Criminal Law--Evidence--Searches And Seizures--Silver Platter Doctrine Abolished, Esdel Beane Yost

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law- Due Process- Conviction Without Evidence Of Guilt, Donald A. Slichter

Michigan Law Review

Petitioner was convicted in the Police Court of Louisville, Kentucky, of two offenses. After seeing petitioner "dancing by himself" on the dance floor, the police charged him with loitering; when he became argumentative about this arrest, he was also charged with disorderly conduct. Although he protested that he had come into the restaurant where he was arrested to "wait on a bus" and have a meal, he was nevertheless taken into custody. At the trial the arresting officer testified that the manager had told him that petitioner had been there "a little over a half hour and that he had …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Constitutional Law--Due Process--Duty of Non-Resident Vendor to Collect Use Tax

==============================

Evidence--Criminal Law--Circumstantial Evidence Sufficient to Establish Corpus Delicti

==============================

Evidence--Presumptions--Rebuttable Presumption Persists Until Trier of Fact Finds Nonexistence of Presumed Fact as Probable as its Existence

==============================

Restraint of Trade--Sherman Act--Refusal to Sell as Unlawful Means of Effecting Price Maintenance

==============================

Torts--Negligence--Vendor of Alcoholic Beverage to Intoxicated Minor Liable to Third Party

Book Review, Julius Cohen, Edgar Bodenheimer, Alfred Hill, Judson F. Falknor, Max Rheinstein, Richard F. Scott, Dexter Delony, W. Paul Gormley, Maurice H. Merrill, Norman Bursler, Neil N. Bernstein

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law--Due Process--Evidence Required To Sustain Criminal Convictions, J. Mc K.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Search And Seizure - Suppression Of Evidence - Judicial Attitude Toward Enforcement, John B. Waite

Michigan Law Review

The "numbers game" is today the most profitable of the wide-spread gambling rackets. And like all organized gambling it is a focal source and the financial support of far more serious crimes. At the same time it is one of the most difficult forms of crime for the police to control. It needs no costly installations which the police can confiscate or destroy. Unlike "house" gambling it cannot practically be harassed out of business. It can be operated by one man alone, if he survives failure to pay off for lack of capital; or by a syndicate with capital enough …

The Constitutional Limits Of Discovery

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law--Due Process--Evidence Of Prior Conviction, J. F. W. Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Abstracts Of Recent Cases, G. H. A.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Search And Seizure - Admissibility In A Federal Court Of Evidence Illegally Obtained By State Officers, Robert J. Paley

Michigan Law Review

In response to a call from a citizen whose suspicions had been aroused by the actions of the defendant and a companion, Maryland police unlawfully arrested the companion and searched the premises occupied by him and the defendant. & a result of this search, money was found which had been stolen in the District of Columbia. Although the search was illegal under Maryland law and in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, this money was used as evidence to convict the defendant of housebreaking and larceny in the District of Columbia federal court. On appeal, held, conviction reversed and remanded …

Book Reviews, Dale F. Stansbury, Malcolm P. Sharp, Arthur T. Von Mehren, John S. Bradway, James D. Ghiardi, Thomas H. Eliot, Julius Paul, W. Howard Mann

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Scientific Investigation And Defendants' Rights, B. J. George Jr.

Michigan Law Review

Advances in science, medicine and industry have made much of the world a more pleasant place in which to live. In general more men are living a physically more satisfying life in more comfortable surroundings than preceding generations. But with this has come a parallel increase in criminality to the point that the term "crime wave" is heard with increasing frequency. Many crimes are facilitated in their commission by adaption or application of new scientific discoveries by criminal elements. A natural consequence is that already overburdened police departments turn as quickly as is financially possible to new scientific techniques in …

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Recent Cases

Conflict of Laws--Jurisdiction--Assumption of Personal Jurisdiction over Non-Resident Insurer on the basis of a Single Insurance Contract

================================

Constitutional Law--Taxation--Tax Immunity of Federal Government not Infringed by Local Taxes upon Possession of Government Property

================================

Evidence--Hearsay--Utterance of Employee under Emotional Stress Admissible to Establish Scope of Employment and Render Employer Vicariously Liable

================================

Insurance--Automobile--Duplicating Recoveries allowed under Liability and Medical Payment Clauses of Automobile Liability Insurance Policy

================================

Insurance--Business Indemnity--Radiation Decontamination Expenses not Recoverable under a Business Interruption Clause

=================================

Insurance--Life--Variable Annuity Contracts not Subject to Regulation by Securities and Exchange Commission

=================================

Physicians--Unprofessional Conduct--Willful Evasion of Federal …

Book Review, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

The National Probation and Parole Association has been working for over 35 years to improve the administration of justice and in the publication of "Guides for Sentencing" it has provided one of its most important services to judges who are charged with the administration of criminal justice and to juvenile and domestic relations courts. The book is the first of a series of practical manuals for all of the above named courts and it is the result of the combined labors of 37 specially selected United States, state and juvenile judges for a period of about five years. Bolitha J. …

Abstracts Of Recent Cases, J. L. R.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recent Cases, Law Review Staff

Vanderbilt Law Review

Automobiles--Owner's Liability Statutes--Application to the Master-Servant Relationship

==================================

Bankruptcy--Discharge--Failure of Creditor to Inform Bankruptcy Court of Bankrupt's Fraud in Procuring Loan

==================================

Bills and Notes--Demand Instruments--Time When Statute of Limitations Begins to Run

==================================

Bills and Notes--Holder in Due Course--Giving a Check in Exchange for Another Negotiable Instrument is not the Giving of Value When the Check Turns Out to be Worthless

==================================

Constitutional Law--Due Process of Law--Use of Perjured Testimony and Suppression of Material Evidence Favorable to Accused in State Criminal Proceedings

===================================

Constitutional Law--Equal Protection of the Laws--Executory Interest Conditioned upon Racial Restriction on Use of Land

=================================== …

Constitutional Law--Witnesses--Privilege Against Self-Incrimination, C. R. S.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Law - Fifth Amendment - Right Of Defendant In Denaturalization Proceedings To Refuse To Testify, Theodore G. Koerner

Michigan Law Review

The United States as plaintiff instituted denaturalization proceedings alleging that deliberately false statements were made by defendant at the time of his naturalization. No "affidavit showing good cause" for such suit, required by section 340 (a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, was filed with the original complaint although one was filed with a later amended complaint. When plaintiff sought to take defendant's deposition pursuant to rule 26, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, defendant appeared for the examination but refused to be sworn. He was taken before the district court which directed that he be sworn, and he …

Admissibility Of Results Of Compulsory Blood Tests To Determine Intoxication, G. W. H. Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Abstracts Of Recent Cases, T. E. P.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Full Faith And Credit To Judgments And Public Acts, Kurt H. Nadelmann

Michigan Law Review

Interest here is concentrated on full faith and credit for public acts. But what led to insertion of the command respecting public acts cannot be divorced historically from the study of the command of full faith for judgments. The whole field, therefore, has been included in the reexamination. Clarifications obtainable on the "judgments" side, it will be seen, help also on the "public acts" side. On both sides there are historical facts which deserve greater attention than has been hitherto given, and if, as a result, some of the myths surrounding the' Lawyers Clause are exploded, the rethinking may have …