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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Law

Zoo Registrars: A Bewildering Bureaucracy, Irus Braverman Oct 2010

Zoo Registrars: A Bewildering Bureaucracy, Irus Braverman

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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The European Union And International Maritime Organization: Eu’S External Influence On The Prevention Of Vessel-Source Pollution, Nengye Liu, Frank Maes Oct 2010

The European Union And International Maritime Organization: Eu’S External Influence On The Prevention Of Vessel-Source Pollution, Nengye Liu, Frank Maes

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The European Union (EU), with its 27 Member States, has a coastline 70, 000 km along two oceans and four seas. Its well-being is therefore inextricably linked with the sea.' Europe plays a major role in today's shipping world, 41% of the world's total fieet (in dwt) is beneficially controlled by European companies.^ Ensuring that the use of the marine environment is genuinely sustainable is a prerequisite for the EU's sea-related industries to be competitive.

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Poisoning The Poor For Profit: The Injustice Of Exporting Electronic Waste To Developing Countries, Eric V. Hull Oct 2010

Poisoning The Poor For Profit: The Injustice Of Exporting Electronic Waste To Developing Countries, Eric V. Hull

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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The Fluid Nature Of Property Rights In Water, Shelley Ross Saxer Oct 2010

The Fluid Nature Of Property Rights In Water, Shelley Ross Saxer

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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Ecosystem Services And The Clean Water Act: Strategies For Fitting New Science Into Old Law, J.B. Ruhl Oct 2010

Ecosystem Services And The Clean Water Act: Strategies For Fitting New Science Into Old Law, J.B. Ruhl

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article explores the administrative reform potential that exists for integrating new knowledge about ecosystem services into Clean Water Act (CWA) regulatory programs as an example for all environmental laws. Part II of the Article reviews the relevant general rules of federal administrative law governing agency interpretation of the policy space available under statutory authority for integrating new science into decision making. Part III then explores the strategies an agency such as EPA can use under those rules to integrate the concept of ecosystem services into regulatory programs by searching for statutory provisions to support what I call "direct protection" …

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Trick Or Treat: The Ethics Of Mediator Manipulation, Jim Coben, Lela P. Love Oct 2010

Trick Or Treat: The Ethics Of Mediator Manipulation, Jim Coben, Lela P. Love

Articles

Much of what good mediators do can be characterized as “helpful interventions” that assist the parties towards legitimate goals such as a better understanding, a platform for developing options, and (where the parties choose) an agreement or settlement. However, all such “helpful interventions” are inevitably "manipulative," in the sense that the mediator is, often unilaterally, making “moves” with profound impact on the parties’ bargaining. To evaluate the ethics of any individual move, the authors propose asking two questions: 1) does the move further or help a legitimate party or process goal that advances party self-determination in decision-making; and 2) is …

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Gas Flaring In Nigeria‘S Niger Delta: Failed Promises And Reviving Community Voices, Eferiekose Ukala Sep 2010

Gas Flaring In Nigeria‘S Niger Delta: Failed Promises And Reviving Community Voices, Eferiekose Ukala

Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment

This Note examines the use of litigation to stop gas flaring in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, and proposes an alternative solution to the ongoing gas flaring in the Niger Delta region. In exploring an alternative solution, this Note (1) details the history of gas flaring in Nigeria; (2) discusses Nigeria’s gas-flaring legislation and its implementation; (3) analyzes the impact that landmark gas flaring cases have had on the stoppage of gas flaring; and (4) details how litigation has been used as a tool to combat gas flaring, juxtaposing the concept of the rule of law. This Note concludes by suggesting that …

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The Improbability Of Meaningful Climate Change Regulation: A Constructivist Understanding Of The Global Commons And The Need For U.S. Leadership, Stacey Valentine Sep 2010

The Improbability Of Meaningful Climate Change Regulation: A Constructivist Understanding Of The Global Commons And The Need For U.S. Leadership, Stacey Valentine

Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment

Climate change is a topic that permeates today’s scientific, political, and social discourse. It is a term that is both widely known and hotly debated across the country and across the globe. While an ever-increasing majority of the scientific and political realms has come to the conclusion that meaningful climate change regulation is necessary to prevent negative repercussions across the globe, there is little consensus on what that regulation should look like or how to bring it about. The nature of greenhouse gases, or GHGs, makes international cooperation a must if the world hopes to prevent and avoid the experts’ …

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Using The Federal Communication Commission’S Tower Construction Notification System As A Model For Siting Nuclear Waste On Native American Land, Casey Zivin Sep 2010

Using The Federal Communication Commission’S Tower Construction Notification System As A Model For Siting Nuclear Waste On Native American Land, Casey Zivin

Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment

Since the advent of nuclear power in the United States in the mid-20th century, the federal government has struggled to find a suitable location to store the hazardous waste associated with nuclear power generation. In 1991, in an attempt to solve the problem of storing nuclear waste, the federal government created grant programs which offered funding to states and Native American tribes who volunteered to store nuclear waste on their lands. One tribe in particular, the Skull Valley Goshute of Utah, viewed storing nuclear waste as an opportunity to infuse their reservation with monies. Further, because tribes enjoy sovereign status …

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The Development Of Environmental Governance Regimes: A Chinese-Inspired Reconstruction, Roda Mushkat Sep 2010

The Development Of Environmental Governance Regimes: A Chinese-Inspired Reconstruction, Roda Mushkat

Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment

The challenge of protecting the biosphere has both salient academic and policy dimensions. On the academic side, persistent efforts have been made in the field of socio-legal studies to enhance the understanding of the complex processes involved, in the domestic arena and on the international front, in the formation and transformation of the elaborate institutional arrangements designed to contribute to this goal. The scholars engaged in those efforts have pursued divergent paths, but one school of thought has moved decisively to the forefront. China’s experience does not cast doubt on its relevance, or even prominence, yet it suggests that multi-pronged …

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International Greenhouse Gas Offsets Under The Clean Air Act, Nathan D. Richardson Sep 2010

International Greenhouse Gas Offsets Under The Clean Air Act, Nathan D. Richardson

Faculty Publications

Offsets, and in particular international offsets, have been advanced as an important tool in climate policy, capable of significantly reducing the costs of emissions reductions. As attention turns to the existing CAA as a potential vehicle for general reduction of GHG emissions, an important question is whether regulation under the statute is compatible with international offsets. Certain regulatory programs under the CAA are likely candidates for GHG regulation, but many of them are legally incompatible with international offsets. Those programs that might permit use of international offsets have other problems that make them unpopular choices for GHG regulation. To the …

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Establishing A "Due Care" Standard Under The Lacey Act Amendments Of 2008, Rachel Saltzman Sep 2010

Establishing A "Due Care" Standard Under The Lacey Act Amendments Of 2008, Rachel Saltzman

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

The Lacey Act was first enacted in 1900 as a narrow measure for domestic bird preservation and agriculture protection. It was significantly amended in 1981 and 1988 to prohibit trafficking in fish and wildlife "taken, possessed, transported, or sold" in violation of state and foreign laws. For the past three decades, the amended statute has provided the federal government with a powerful tool for regulating imports of fish and wildlife. In 2008 Congress expanded its reach still further, responding to widespread concern about the effects of illegal logging on local governance, the environment, and American business by extending the Act's …

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South/North Exchange Of 2009 - The Challenges Of Climate Change Regulation For Governments On The Political Left: A Comparison Of Brazilian And United States Promises And Actions, Colin Crawford, Solange Teles Da Silva, Kevin Morris Sep 2010

South/North Exchange Of 2009 - The Challenges Of Climate Change Regulation For Governments On The Political Left: A Comparison Of Brazilian And United States Promises And Actions, Colin Crawford, Solange Teles Da Silva, Kevin Morris

Pace International Law Review Online Companion

No abstract provided.

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A Complicated Environment: The Problem With Extending Victims' Rights To Victims Of Environmental Crimes, Andrew Atkins Sep 2010

A Complicated Environment: The Problem With Extending Victims' Rights To Victims Of Environmental Crimes, Andrew Atkins

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Legal Barriers To Sub-National Governance Techniques By U.S. States For Renewable Energy Promotion And Ghg Control, Steven Ferrey Sep 2010

Legal Barriers To Sub-National Governance Techniques By U.S. States For Renewable Energy Promotion And Ghg Control, Steven Ferrey

Suffolk University Law School Faculty Works

The attempt by many U.S. states to copy verbatim the European model of feed-in tariffs to promote renewable power and recent efforts of states to promote their renewable power development or greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emission restrictions have been successfully challenged legally in the past few months. These challenges have reinforced that these E.U. and Kyoto mechanisms employed by the states in the U.S. as a governance tool, run afoul of the U.S. Constitution. Renewable and climate change policy in the U.S. is undertaken by regulatory actions at the state, rather than federal, level. This is a significant issue going forward …

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The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Potential Insurance Coverage Implications, Lynn K. Neuner, W. Nicholson Price Aug 2010

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Potential Insurance Coverage Implications, Lynn K. Neuner, W. Nicholson Price

Articles

More than 300 lawsuits have already been filed in Louisiana, Florida, Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama against BP and other corporations involved in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, including Transocean, Halliburton, and Cameron, with thousands more anticipated. This article briefly addresses the contours of the coverage lawsuit already filed against BP and other coverage disputes we may see in the future.

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Taxation As Regulation: Carbon Tax, Health Care Tax, Bank Tax And Other Regulatory Taxes, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah Aug 2010

Taxation As Regulation: Carbon Tax, Health Care Tax, Bank Tax And Other Regulatory Taxes, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Law & Economics Working Papers

This paper addresses three questions: 1. Is regulation a legitimate goal for taxation? 2. Which tax is best suited for regulation? 3. Would it be better to allocate just one goal per tax among the major taxes (individual and corporate income tax and VAT)? It then analyzes the proposed bank tax and the enacted health care tax as regulatory taxes, and concludes that the first is desirable (as is a carbon tax) but the second is not.

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From Ship To Shore: Reforming The National Contingency Plan To Improve Protections For Oil Spill Cleanup Workers, Rebecca Bratspies, Alyson Flournoy, Thomas Mcgarity, Sidney A. Shapiro, Rena I. Steinzor, Matthew Shudtz Aug 2010

From Ship To Shore: Reforming The National Contingency Plan To Improve Protections For Oil Spill Cleanup Workers, Rebecca Bratspies, Alyson Flournoy, Thomas Mcgarity, Sidney A. Shapiro, Rena I. Steinzor, Matthew Shudtz

Faculty Scholarship

Eleven workers died on April 20, 2010, when the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform exploded beneath them. Since then, tens of thousands of workers have toiled under difficult conditions to stop the leak and clean up the mess. For these workers, the spill is more than an environmental and economic disaster; it poses straightforward and serious risks to their health and safety. Oil is toxic, as are the dispersants used liberally by BP to contain it. BP’s foul up is not the first significant oil spill in the nation’s history, nor even the first in the Gulf. The oil companies …

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The Icj And The Future Of Transboundary Harm Disputes: A Preliminary Analysis Of The Case Concerning Aerial Herbicide Spraying (Ecuador V. Colombia), Robert Esposito Aug 2010

The Icj And The Future Of Transboundary Harm Disputes: A Preliminary Analysis Of The Case Concerning Aerial Herbicide Spraying (Ecuador V. Colombia), Robert Esposito

Pace International Law Review Online Companion

No abstract provided.

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Peace Parks For Mountain Forests: The Law And Policy Of Transforming Conflict To Stewardship, Elaine C. Hsiao Jul 2010

Peace Parks For Mountain Forests: The Law And Policy Of Transforming Conflict To Stewardship, Elaine C. Hsiao

Dissertations & Theses

Peace parks provide a land ethic that transcends borders and seeks to stabilize tensions between bordering States, honoring the unity of biosphere systems in its efforts to achieve peace, conservation and cooperation. In theory, peace parks recognize that humans and the biosphere are one and that natural resources, just as cultural resources, must be collaboratively protected. In the cases of inhabited border regions, peace park principles of holistic conservation, cooperation and peace require that local communities be incorporated into park management. I posit that this is all the more true for frontier communities in regions of conflict, weak governance or …

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Re-Examining Acts Of God, Jill M. Fraley Jul 2010

Re-Examining Acts Of God, Jill M. Fraley

Scholarly Articles

For more than three centuries, tort law has included the notion of an act of God as something caused naturally, beyond both man's anticipation and control. Historically, the doctrine applied to extraordinary manifestations of the forces of nature, including floods, earthquakes, blizzards, and hurricanes. Despite the significance of the doctrine, particularly in large-scale disasters, scholars rarely engage the act of God defense critically. However, recently, the doctrine has received more substantial criticism. Denis Binder argued that the doctrine should be repudiated as merely a restatement of existing negligence principles Joel Eagle criticized the doctrine, suggesting that it should not exclude …

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Baselines Newsletter, No. 6, Summer/Fall 2010, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Jul 2010

Baselines Newsletter, No. 6, Summer/Fall 2010, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Baselines: The Natural Resources Law Center Newsletter (2007-2011)

No abstract provided.

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Environmental Law, Travis M. Trimble Jul 2010

Environmental Law, Travis M. Trimble

Mercer Law Review

In this survey period, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit decided two cases addressing the scope of agency discretion to interpret statutes. In Friends of the Everglades v. South Florida Water Management District, the Eleventh Circuit held that the Environmental Protection Agency's adoption of the "unitary waters" definition of navigable waters under the Clean Water Act was reasonable even though that approach had been universally rejected by the courts as an interpretation of the statute prior to the agency's rule. In Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida v. United States, the Eleventh Circuit upheld …

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Climate Refugees Require Relocation Assistance: Guaranteeng Adequate Land Assets Through Treaties Based On The National Adaptation Programmes Of Action, Holly D. Lange Jul 2010

Climate Refugees Require Relocation Assistance: Guaranteeng Adequate Land Assets Through Treaties Based On The National Adaptation Programmes Of Action, Holly D. Lange

Washington International Law Journal

Rising ocean levels in the South Pacific threaten thousands of inhabitants with displacement. Many of these small Pacific island states lack available land to internally accommodate displaced individuals. Thus, thousands of “climate refugees” will be forced to move off their island homes and, without provisions of adequate land rights, will most likely end up in refugee camps in other countries. Climate change exemplifies an inherently global challenge. Developed countries produce disproportionately more greenhouse gases, and developing countries lack resources to adequately respond to climatic displacement. International treaties establish a legal responsibility to assist developing states adapt to climate change. However, …

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Ecosystem Services And The Value Of Land, Adam I. Davis Jul 2010

Ecosystem Services And The Value Of Land, Adam I. Davis

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Federal Policy In Establishing Ecosystem Service Markets, Laurie A. Wayburn, Anton A. Chiono Jul 2010

The Role Of Federal Policy In Establishing Ecosystem Service Markets, Laurie A. Wayburn, Anton A. Chiono

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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Implications Of A Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard: Will It Supplement Or Supplant Existing State Inititives?, James M. Van Nostrand, Anne Marie Hirschberger Jul 2010

Implications Of A Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard: Will It Supplement Or Supplant Existing State Inititives?, James M. Van Nostrand, Anne Marie Hirschberger

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Conservation Easements And Adaptive Management, Jesse Richardson Jul 2010

Conservation Easements And Adaptive Management, Jesse Richardson

Law Faculty Scholarship

The perpetual nature of conservation easements makes adaptive management difficult on easement property. Various easement provisions may be used to incorporate adaptive management principles into a conservation easement, but various factors, including state statutory requirements and Internal Revenue Code requirements for deductibility, limit the flexibility of management on conservation easement lands. Jesse Richardson discusses how conservation easements limit implementation of adaptive management principles on protected lands. Case studies of conservation easements that now fail to fulfill the original conservation purpose, but are locked into perpetual conservation, illustrate the limitations of conservation easements. Richardson also discusses likely future conflicts between conservation …

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Editor’S Note, Patrick M. Duggan Jul 2010

Editor’S Note, Patrick M. Duggan

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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Ecosystem Services And Federal Public Lands: Start-Up Policy Questions And Research Needs, J. B. Ruhl Jul 2010

Ecosystem Services And Federal Public Lands: Start-Up Policy Questions And Research Needs, J. B. Ruhl

Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum

No abstract provided.

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