Education Law Commons^™

Censorship By Crying Wolf: Misclassifying Student Speech As Threats, Susan Kruth

University of Miami Law Review

Freedom of expression is at risk at colleges and universities across the country. While campus administrators employ a number of strategies to censor speech they disfavor, this piece explores the trend of justifying censorship and punishment of expression by labeling it a “threat” and citing concerns about safety. In contrast to the kind of speech the Supreme Court has defined as a “true threat,” the expression at issue in the cases discussed here poses no safety risk, comprising political commentary, jokes, and pop culture references. Its punishment both trivializes actual dangers and chills campus discourse. Accordingly, it is imperative that …

The Washington State Constitution And Charter Schools: A General And Uniform Prohibition?, Asti Gallina

Washington Law Review

In its 2015 opinion in Washington League of Women Voters v. State, the Washington State Supreme Court invalidated Initiative 1240—which authorized the creation of charter schools. The Court considered two issues on appeal: (1) that the charter schools unconstitutionally diverted common school funds to non-common schools; and (2) that the charter schools violated article IX, section 2 requiring the legislature to establish a “general and uniform system of common schools.” The Court resolved the case on the common school fund issue and did not reach the “general and uniform” challenge. In its slip opinion, the Court had included a …

Keynote Address, Justice John Paul Stevens (Ret.)

University of Miami Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Limits Of Education Purpose Limitations, Elana Zeide

University of Miami Law Review

While student privacy has been a public issue for half a century, its contours change in response to social norms, technological capabilities, and political ideologies. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) seeks to prevent inaccurate or inappropriate information about students from being incorporated into pedagogical, academic, and employment decisionmaking. It does so by con- trolling who can access education records and, broadly, for what purposes.

New education technologies take advantage of cloud computing and big data analytics to collect and share an unprecedented amount of information about students in class- rooms. Schools rely on outside, often for-profit, entities …

Positive Education Federalism: The Promise Of Equality After The Every Student Succeeds Act, Christian B. Sundquist

Mercer Law Review

The accepted narrative of the American public education system is one of decline, educational "crisis," and systemic failure. Our public schools increasingly are segregated by race and class in the post-Brown era, while fundamental social inequalities persist among schools in regards to educational quality, financing, and outcomes. Long viewed as essential to the economic and democratic development of America's citizenry, our unequal system of universal public education has forsaken the "faces at the bottom of [the] well" in an era of deregulation and decreased social welfare funding. ...

Part I of this Article explores traditional conceptions of federalism as a …

Back To Benevolence: The Case For Internet Access In Nevada's Juvenile Detention Centers, Michael Coggeshall

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Schools, Speech, And Smartphones: Online Speech And The Evolution Of The Tinker Standard, Aleaha Jones

Duke Law & Technology Review

Under the Supreme Court’s holding in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, public schools may only restrict student speech where the speech is reasonably forecasted to cause a “substantial and material disruption.” With online forums calling into question who may control speech and forecast its impact, the circuit courts have granted public schools broad authority to monitor, and punish, their students for online activity that occurs off-campus. The Supreme Court recently declined the opportunity to reverse this disturbing trend by denying certiorari for Bell v. Itawamba County. As a result, questions remain unanswered regarding students’ right to free …

Being A Transgendered Student: An Uphill Fight For Equality, Brian Eisner

Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development

No abstract provided.

Raped Abroad: Extraterritorial Application Of Title Ix For American University Students Sexually Assaulted While Studying Abroad, Brittany K. Bull

Northwestern University Law Review

Female college students who study abroad are five times more likely to be raped than their counterparts who remain on their domestic campuses. Students raped or sexually assaulted on or around campuses in the United States can seek a remedy under Title IX, which provides administrative and judicial remedies. Very few federal cases have ever addressed whether Title IX applies extraterritorially to allegations of sex discrimination occurring abroad, and courts have reached different results in these cases. Moreover, no federal circuit has ever addressed the issue. This Note explores whether Title IX applies extraterritorially to students raped while studying abroad. …

Update On Student Vaccinations, Charles J. Russo

Educational Leadership Faculty Publications

State inoculation laws—which are designed to reduce or eliminate the risk of infection from the most common communicable diseases—typically grant students with medical concerns exemptions from having to receive vaccines or vaccine components. Moreover, as reflected in the cases discussed below, most states allow nonmedical exemptions for religious reasons and philosophical beliefs (National Vaccine Information Center 2016).

As reviewed in the next section, disputes over vaccinations generated a fair amount of litigation. In these cases, parents challenged vaccination laws as violating their constitutional rights to be free from government interference or to freedom of religion.

The Racial Politics Of Elementary School Choice For Black Parents Living In Brooklyn, Ny, Shannon N. Allen

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Charter school proliferation has disproportionately affected Black urban neighborhoods and the debate about the relationship between racial educational equity and enhanced public school choice through charters has created dissension and discord in scholarship and across Black politics, educational organizing efforts, neighborhoods, and school communities. This study is an interpretive policy analysis of the effects of charter school policy on the elementary school choice preferences and experiences of twenty Black parents living in predominately low-income and racially segregated Black Brooklyn neighborhoods where charter schools are disproportionately concentrated. It was designed to identify disparities between the values and goals of school choice …

Achieving The Promise Of Assistive Technology: Why Assistive Technology Evaluations Are Essential For Compliance With The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Alexandra Abend

Cardozo Law Review

The note advocates for a more rigorous and proactive approach to incorporating assistive technology (AT) in special education, arguing that it is essential for ensuring students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It critiques the current legal standard established by Rowley as insufficient, calling for a higher threshold that prioritizes maximizing educational opportunities. The analysis emphasizes the importance of comprehensive AT evaluations and the need for systemic improvements to prevent procedural violations and ensure effective implementation of AT in Individualized Education Programs (IEPs).

More Public Education Needed On Changes To Ep System, Tan K. B. Eugene

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The office of Singapore’s Elected President is often misunderstood. Although it has been part of our system of institutional checks and balances since 1991, a popular misconception is that the President is a centre of political power unto itself.

Educating Incarcerated Youth In Illinois: A Blended Learning Model, John Sonnenberg

Dissertations

The purpose of this case study was to better understand the reasons behind the apparent continued success of a blended learning educational model in place since 2012 in the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice (IDJJ). Using a mixed methods approach, data were gathered and analyzed from a variety of records, reports, and other documentation that included: diplomas awarded, courses taken, course completion, enrollment trends, student mobility rates, GED testing information, and special education student enrollment and performance. Data were also gathered through classroom observations and individual and group interviews with the IDJJ district superintendent, principals, and teachers at six different …

The Textbook Case, Patrick S. Duffy

The Catholic Lawyer

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Marijuana Legalization On Youth & The Need For State Legislation On Marijuana-Specific Instruction In K–12 Schools, Amanda Harmon Cooley

Pepperdine Law Review

State legalization of marijuana is a divisive and polarizing issue that has resulted in fragmentation between governments and citizens. Contrary to federal law, voters in many states have approved ballot initiatives legalizing the sale of marijuana to adults for their recreational use. This Article argues that any state that legalizes marijuana has a concomitant duty to amend its K–12 public school instructional statutes to provide for substantial marijuana education. No state has yet enacted such legislation even though current alternative educational methods fail to provide sufficient safeguards. Accordingly, this Article proposes new statutory remedies that could bridge the gap between …

Law-Based Arguments And Messages To Advocate For Later School Start Time Policies In The United States, Clark J. Lee, Dennis M. Nolan, Steven W. Lockley, Brent Pattison

Homeland Security Publications

The increasing scientific evidence that early school start times are harmful to the health and safety of teenagers has generated much recent debate about changing school start times policies for adolescent students. Although efforts to promote and implement such changes have proliferated in the United States in recent years, they have rarely been supported by law-based arguments and messages that leverage the existing legal infrastructure regulating public education and child welfare in the United States. Furthermore, the legal bases to support or resist such changes have not been explored in detail to date. This article provides an overview of how …

Mapping The Title Ix Iceberg: Sexual Harassment (Mostly) In Graduate School By College Faculty, Nancy Chi Cantalupo, William C. Kidder

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Teacher Certification In Idaho: Proceedings Before Idaho's Professional Standards Commission Covering The Denial Of An Application For Or Action Against A Teaching Certificate, John E. Rumel

Articles

No abstract provided.

Peeling Back The Student Privacy Pledge, Alexi Pfeffer-Gillett

Scholarly Articles

Education software is a multi-billion dollar industry that is rapidly growing. The federal government has encouraged this growth through a series of initiatives that reward schools for tracking and aggregating student data. Amid this increasingly digitized education landscape, parents and educators have begun to raise concerns about the scope and security of student data collection.

Industry players, rather than policymakers, have so far led efforts to protect student data. Central to these efforts is the Student Privacy Pledge, a set of standards that providers of digital education services have voluntarily adopted. By many accounts, the Pledge has been a success. …

Report: Tying Teacher Evaluation To Student Test Performance In New York State, Anthony Ciaccio, Richard Demaio, Ashley Flynn, Sean Hanssler, Michelle Malone, Steven Mare, George Santiago, Victoria Short

Hofstra Law Student Works

This Report, authored by a small group of third-year law students under the guidance of Professor Robin Charlow, focuses on the controversial issue of tying teacher evaluations to student performance on state assessments, specifically, as this practice has been applied under New York State law. First, we provide a brief history of the federal and state laws that have resulted in the implementation of this practice. We then examine the arguments both for and against using student performance on state assessments as a measure of teacher effectiveness, assess all options for amending or abolishing the practice, and propose one procedural …

Protecting Colleges & Universities Against Real Losses In A Virtual World, 33 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 101 (2017), Gregory Demers, Seth Harrington, Mark Cianci, Nicholas Green

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

Colleges and universities are prime targets for cyberattacks. Authors Gregory L. Demers, Seth C. Harrington, Mark A. Cianci, and Nicholas R. Green explore emerging data security risks and litigation trends on college campuses, and offer ways to manage these risks through a comprehensive insurance plan. Given the increasing variety and complexity of plans available, it is incumbent upon universities to regularly reassess the coverage afforded by their existing policies.

It's Time To Stop Punting On College Athletes' Rights: Implications Of Columbia University On The Collective Bargaining Rights Of College Athletes, Lucas Novaes

American University Law Review

The National Labor Relations Board ruled in Columbia University that student assistants who have a common law employment relationship with their university are statutory employees under the National Labor Relations Act, which granted them full bargaining rights and union protection. However, just one year earlier, the Board decided to not address the question of whether college athletes receiving grant-in-aid scholarships should similarly be accorded the protections of the Act as statutory employees. Importantly, the Board noted that it was well-suited to make that determination in the future.

College athletes have been left in legal limbo as the teams, universities, and …

Rule Of Law, Activism And Equality: Growing Antisubordination Norms Within The University, 50 J. Marshall L. Rev. 249 (2017), Peter Halewood, Donna Young

UIC Law Review

This article examines this recent surge of student activism to determine how it fits within larger social movements and to evaluate how receptive courts and legislatures may be to some of the claims raised by the protests. Significant changes in civil rights laws have often been driven by significant shifts in societal perceptions of and engagement with social justice issues. And importantly, social movements have often fostered the political pressure necessary for social, legal, and political reform. There is the potential for these protests to influence courts and legislatures and shape their interpretations of legal rules in ways that recognize …

Restorative Justice: A Look At A Legal Community Creating Harmony On The Front Lines Of An Urban Jungle, 50 J. Marshall L. Rev. 463 (2017), Daniela Velez

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Charter School Laws In The United States: The Good, The Bad, And Illinois, 50 J. Marshall L. Rev. 965 (2017), Alexandra Verven

UIC Law Review

This goal of this Comment is to highlight the areas in which Illinois can improve its charter school law in hopes of becoming the best ranked law in the nation. To get there, one must understand the operation and usage of charter schools in addition to the evolution of the charter school movement. It is also vital to recognize the three basic principles of charter schools to truly appreciate the NAPCS’s model charter school law. After having a general comprehension of the background, this Comment seeks to compare Illinois’s charter school law with that of Indiana (the best ranked state) …

Civil Rights Remedies In Higher Education: Jurisprudential Limitations And Lost Moments In Time, Lia Epperson

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

If You've Seen One, You Have Not Seen Them All, David Spratt

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Using The Terms Integrative And Distributive Bargaining In The Classroom: Time For Change?, Rishi Batra

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The terms “integrative bargaining” and “distributive bargaining” have been with us in the dispute resolution literature since at least the 1960's, when A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations was first published in 1965 by Richard Walton and Robert McKersie. While the terms were popularized by these two authors, the authors themselves acknowledged the long line of predecessors, including Mary Parker Follett, who led them to promote these categories. Since that time, “integrative” and “distributive” have been with us, and have captured the imagination of scholars, trainers, and practitioners, while remaining popular in the dispute resolution literature today. Despite the proliferation …

Denying Certiorari In Bell V. Itawamba County School Board: A Missed Opportunity To Clarify Students’ First Amendment Rights In The Digital Age, Elizabeth A. Shaver

Brooklyn Law Review

In the last decade, the federal circuit courts have grappled with the issue whether, and to what extent, school officials constitutionally may discipline students for their off-campus electronic speech. Before 2015, three federal circuit courts had extended school authority to off-campus electronic speech by applying a vague test that allows school officials to reach far beyond the iconic “schoolhouse gate” referenced in the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. Two other federal circuits had avoided the issue altogether by deciding the cases before them on other grounds. In 2015, the Fifth Circuit Court …