Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Criminal Law (225)
- Constitutional Law (77)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (31)
- Courts (29)
- Evidence (24)
-
- Law and Society (24)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (23)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (21)
- Legal Studies (21)
- Jurisprudence (18)
- Supreme Court of the United States (15)
- Judges (14)
- Human Rights Law (11)
- Legislation (11)
- Fourth Amendment (10)
- Legal History (10)
- First Amendment (9)
- International Law (9)
- Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility (9)
- State and Local Government Law (9)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (7)
- Civil Law (6)
- Civil Procedure (6)
- Criminology and Criminal Justice (6)
- Legal Profession (6)
- Law and Economics (5)
- Litigation (5)
- Fourteenth Amendment (4)
- Institution
-
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (40)
- American University Washington College of Law (21)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (18)
- Washington University in St. Louis (17)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (15)
-
- William & Mary Law School (15)
- Seattle University School of Law (10)
- Georgia State University College of Law (9)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (7)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (6)
- Notre Dame Law School (6)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (6)
- West Virginia University (6)
- Boston University School of Law (5)
- BLR (4)
- Barry University School of Law (4)
- New York Law School (4)
- Penn State Dickinson Law (4)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (3)
- Pepperdine University (3)
- SJ Quinney College of Law, University of Utah (3)
- Southern Methodist University (3)
- Florida A&M University College of Law (2)
- Texas A&M University School of Law (2)
- University of Baltimore Law (2)
- University of Michigan Law School (2)
- University of the District of Columbia School of Law (2)
- Valparaiso University (2)
- Brigham Young University Law School (1)
- Duquesne University (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Villanova Law Review (1956 - ) (39)
- Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals (19)
- Scholarship@WashULaw (17)
- Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press (15)
- Supreme Court Case Files (15)
-
- Faculty Scholarship (12)
- Faculty Publications (9)
- Georgia State University Law Review (9)
- Seattle University Law Review (9)
- Indiana Law Journal (7)
- Supreme Court Preview (7)
- NULR Online (6)
- Nevada Supreme Court Summaries (6)
- West Virginia Law Review (6)
- Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present) (4)
- ExpressO (4)
- NYLS Law Review (4)
- William & Mary Law Review (4)
- All Faculty Scholarship (3)
- Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters (3)
- Law Faculty Publications (3)
- Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law (3)
- Pepperdine Law Review (3)
- Utah Law Faculty Scholarship (3)
- Journal Articles (2)
- Scholarly Articles (2)
- Akron Law Review (1)
- Antioch Law Journal (1)
- Articles (1)
- Book Reviews (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 121 - 150 of 236
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Procedure
Brennan Lecture Evidence-Based Judicial Discretion: Promoting Public Safety Through State Sentencing Reform, Michael A. Wolff
Brennan Lecture Evidence-Based Judicial Discretion: Promoting Public Safety Through State Sentencing Reform, Michael A. Wolff
All Faculty Scholarship
In this speech delivered for the annual Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. Lecture on State Courts and Social Justice, the Honorable Michael Wolff offers a new way of thinking about sentencing. Instead of attempting to limit judicial discretion and increase incarceration, states should aim to reduce recidivism in order to make our communities safer. Judge Wolff uses the example of Missouri's sentencing reforms to argue that states should adopt evidence-based sentencing, in which the effectiveness of different sentences and treatment programs are regularly evaluated. In pre-sentencing investigative reports, probation officers should attempt to quantify - based on historical data - …
Improving Privacy Protection, But By How Much?, Steve Coughlan
Improving Privacy Protection, But By How Much?, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The discussion of reasonable expectation of privacy in R. v. M. (A.) is extremely useful. In the wake of Tessling, many courts had effectively reduced the protection offered by s. 8 based on two arguments: that what was detected was an emanation in the public domain similar to heat coming from a house, and that what was discovered merely related to informational privacy and was not part of the biographical core of such data. Justice Binnie's decision puts paid the notion that either of these arguments is a trump card. He suggests that generalizing about "emanations" is not a useful …
Reforming Homicide Law To Separate Guilt From Sentence: An International Gloss, Steve Coughlan
Reforming Homicide Law To Separate Guilt From Sentence: An International Gloss, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
This article argues that Canadian homicide law is handicapped by trying to combine two contradictory approaches. In general, Canadian criminal law adopts the approach of setting out relatively rigid rules for determining guilt or innocence. That is, the Criminal Code sets out particular offences, and if the elements of an offence can be proven, then failing the presence of any defence (also relatively rigidly defined), any accused will be found guilty. The question of guilt or innocence is not individualized to the circumstances of the offender. On the other hand, sentencing decisions adopt exactly the opposite approach, and are made …
The End Of Constitutional Exemptions, Steve Coughlan
The End Of Constitutional Exemptions, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
In R. v. Ferguson (reported ante p. 197) the Supreme Court decided that constitutional exemptions are not available as a remedy when a mandatory minimum sentence is said to violate section 12 of the Charter. This is a well reasoned and sensible decision. As mandatory minimum sentences are the context in which the possibility of the constitutional exemption as a Charter remedy has most frequently arisen, as a practical matter Ferguson largely disposes of the issue. Nonetheless, a further clarification at some point that constitutional exemptions are not available in any context, for other violations of section 12 or of …
Arbitrary Detention: Whither - Or Wither? - Section 9, Steve Coughlan
Arbitrary Detention: Whither - Or Wither? - Section 9, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
It is a remarkable fact that more than 25 years after the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms came into effect, we still have no section 9 jurisprudence. It is not that there have been no decisions at all concerning the right not to be arbitrarily detained, of course, but taken in total they do not come anywhere near setting out an analytical framework. This stands in contrast to most other legal rights in the Charter. Section 7 jurisprudence has established the two-step approach to take in assessing claims under that section, including a three-step test for determining whether a …
The Principled Exception And The Forgotten Criterion, Steve Coughlan
The Principled Exception And The Forgotten Criterion, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The principled exception to the hearsay rule is routinely described as being settled by the "twin criteria" of necessity and reliability. In fact a third criterion is also — or at least ought to be — at play: that admitting the evidence through hearsay would not undermine any other rule of evidence. The Court has made reference to this third criterion in the past, but it has largely been ignored in both Supreme Court and lower court decisions. The recent judgement in Couture depends in a limited way on that question, and so it marks an opportunity to articulate the …
The Jurisdictional Heritage Of The Grand Jury Clause, Roger A. Fairfax
The Jurisdictional Heritage Of The Grand Jury Clause, Roger A. Fairfax
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
One Small Step: The Past, Present, And Future Of The Federal Sentencing System , Matthew Jill
One Small Step: The Past, Present, And Future Of The Federal Sentencing System , Matthew Jill
ExpressO
The federal sentencing guidelines, which focus on offense based statistical consistency, had a ripple effect that molded the entire federal sentencing system in it’s wake; this article is an individual case study demonstrating the flaws of a consistency based sentencing system, the injustice such a system can create, and why United States v. Booker is only the first step in creating a fair and effective sentencing system.
The Silent Criminal Defendant And The Presumption Of Innocence: In The Hands Of Real Jurors, Is Either Of Them Safe, Mitchell J. Frank, Dawn Broschard
The Silent Criminal Defendant And The Presumption Of Innocence: In The Hands Of Real Jurors, Is Either Of Them Safe, Mitchell J. Frank, Dawn Broschard
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Misnamed, Misapplied, And Misguided: Clarifying The State Of Sentencing Entrapment And Proposing A New Conception Of The Doctrine, Jess D. Mekeel
Misnamed, Misapplied, And Misguided: Clarifying The State Of Sentencing Entrapment And Proposing A New Conception Of The Doctrine, Jess D. Mekeel
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Multicultural Feminism: Assessing Systemic Fault In A Provocative Context, Camille Nelson
Multicultural Feminism: Assessing Systemic Fault In A Provocative Context, Camille Nelson
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
INTRODUCTION Strictly speaking, the cultural defense is really no defense at all. Instead, it is the moniker attached by defense attorneys to their advocacy which seeks to personalize the accused in one of two ways: First by injecting a reasonable doubt into the mens rea intent requirement - this would result in acquittal, or second, by contextualizing an affirmative defense, like provocation, by the provision of cultural information about the accused - this would result in mitigated sentencing. Central to defense attorneys' uses of the cultural defense is the criminal defendant's perceived "foreignness." This much has been recognized by scholars …
Common Law Police Powers And Exclusion Of Evidence: The Renaissance Of Good Faith, Steve Coughlan
Common Law Police Powers And Exclusion Of Evidence: The Renaissance Of Good Faith, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Canadian courts have become far more willing in recent years to rely on the common law as a source of new police powers. Where once the test from R. v. Waterfield was an exception and an afterthought to what was otherwise the general rule of insistence upon statutory sources for police powers, more recently that test seems to be in the forefront of judges' minds as they decide cases. That 1963 British decision has been cited by Canadian courts roughly as often in the last eight years as in the first 35 years after it was decided. Since 1999 the …
Privacy Goes To The Dogs, Steve Coughlan
Privacy Goes To The Dogs, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
It becomes increasingly clear, with the decision of the Newfoundland Court of Appeal in R. v. Taylor, ante, that the question of whether police use of sniffer dogs constitutes a search, and if so when, will need to be addressed by the Supreme Court of Canada. In particular the question of whether R. v. Tessling has changed the approach to reasonable expectation of privacy as dramatically as some courts have suggested must be settled. Other questions will also need to be addressed.
The Crisis In Indigent Defense: A National Perspective, Mary Sue Backus, Paul Marcus
The Crisis In Indigent Defense: A National Perspective, Mary Sue Backus, Paul Marcus
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Separation Of Powers And The Criminal Law, Rachel E. Barkow
Separation Of Powers And The Criminal Law, Rachel E. Barkow
ExpressO
Scholars have written volumes about the separation of powers, but they have focused on the administrative state and have wholly ignored the criminal state. Judges, too, have failed to distinguish criminal from administrative matters. So, the conventional wisdom has been that whatever theory works for the administrative state should work for anything else, including crime. And because most scholars and judges have supported a flexible or functional approach to separation of powers in the regulatory sphere, they have failed to see a problem with the functional approach when it comes to criminal matters. Indeed, the Supreme Court has been even …
Rethinking The Involuntary Confession Rule: Toward A Workable Test For Identifying Compelled Self-Incrimination, Mark A. Godsey
Rethinking The Involuntary Confession Rule: Toward A Workable Test For Identifying Compelled Self-Incrimination, Mark A. Godsey
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
For more than a century, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Bill of Rights as prohibiting the police from obtaining involuntary confessions from suspects through the use of coercion. If asked whether this involuntary confession rule is an understandable and workable doctrine, however, a noticeable percentage of judges, prosecutors, police officers, criminal defense attorneys and law professors would answer with an unequivocal no.
Basic questions concerning voluntariness and free will - whether it exists, and if so, when it exists, etc. - have puzzled philosophers for centuries and represent one of history's Gordian knots. Not surprisingly, judges have fared no …
Nothing Plus Nothing Equals... Something? A Proposal For Flir Warrants On Reasonable Suspicion, Steve Coughlan, Marc Gorbet
Nothing Plus Nothing Equals... Something? A Proposal For Flir Warrants On Reasonable Suspicion, Steve Coughlan, Marc Gorbet
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Over a series of decisions, the Court has been backing itself into a corner with its section 8 jurisprudence. Section 8 protects against unreasonable searches. Since the earliest ruling on the section in Hunter v. Southam} searches are prima facie unreasonable if they take place without a warrant. Thus, before conducting a search, police must have a warrant. Before getting a warrant, police must have information about the accused. Obtaining information about the accused probably involves conduct that qualifies as a search. Thus for example in K. v. Kokesch, R. v. Wiley, and R. v. Plant, perimeter searches, conducted in …
A Brave New World Of Criminal Justice: Neil Gerlach's Genetic Imaginary, Steve Coughlan
A Brave New World Of Criminal Justice: Neil Gerlach's Genetic Imaginary, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
In this well written and intriguing book, Neil Gerlach asks why the criminal justice system has accepted DNA evidence in much the same way that our Anglo-Saxon predecessors accepted trial by ordeal. Why have we not instead shown the same caution we show polygraph evidence? To be sure, he does not present the issue in those terms, and might shudder at the analogy. Still, the central issue he pursues in the book is the question of how DNA evidence has managed to assume its current aura of infallibility, as evidence which is somehow uniquely objective and "true": how it has …
Conflicting Stories And Reasonable Doubt: Variations On W. (D.)'S Theme, Steve Coughlan
Conflicting Stories And Reasonable Doubt: Variations On W. (D.)'S Theme, Steve Coughlan
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Whether the guilt of an accused has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt is always a difficult issue, particularly so when the accused has testified. There is little difficulty when an accused's exculpatory testimony is accepted by the trial judge, since that of course leads unambiguously to an acquittal. More complex is the situation where a trial judge does not simply accept the accused's version of events — that is, most of the time. In those circumstances, trial judge must embark down the twisty road of deciding whether disbelieved testimony can nonetheless result in an acquittal, or alternatively whether an …
An Attitudinal Theory Of Excuse In Criminal Law, Peter Westen
An Attitudinal Theory Of Excuse In Criminal Law, Peter Westen
ExpressO
The mother lode of criminal law scholarship is a unitary theory of excuses, that is, a normative account as to why a person who engages in conduct that a criminal statute prohibits ought nevertheless not be blamed for it. After defining "excuse" against commentators who argue that it cannot be coherently defined, and after criticizing competing theories of excuse, I argue that the feature that renders persons normatively blameless -- and, typically, legally blameless, too -- for engaging in conduct that a criminal statute prohibits is the possession of a certain attitude with which he engages in it. A person …
Judicial Perspectives On The Federal Sentencing Guidelines And The Goals Of Sentencing: Debunking The Myths, Michael E. O'Neill
Judicial Perspectives On The Federal Sentencing Guidelines And The Goals Of Sentencing: Debunking The Myths, Michael E. O'Neill
ExpressO
No abstract provided.
Preface, Tanina Rostain, Donald H. Zeigler
The Material Witness Statute Post September 11: Why It Should Not Include Grand Jury Witnesses, Robert Boyle
The Material Witness Statute Post September 11: Why It Should Not Include Grand Jury Witnesses, Robert Boyle
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Without Charge: Assessing The Due Process Rights Of Unindicted Co-Conspirators, Ira Robbins
Without Charge: Assessing The Due Process Rights Of Unindicted Co-Conspirators, Ira Robbins
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
The grand jury practice of naming individuals as unindicted co-conspirators routinely results in injury to reputations,lost employment opportunities, and a practical inability to run for public office. Yet, because these individuals are not parties to a criminal trial, they have neither the right to present evidence nor the opportunity to clear their names. Thus, Professor Robbins argues that the practice violates the Fifth Amendment guarantee that “[n]o person shall . . . be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law[.]” While prosecutors may offer many justifications to support the practice of naming unindicted co-conspirators, these reasons …
Beyond The Bright Line: A Contemporary Right-To-Counsel Doctrine, Pamela R. Metzger
Beyond The Bright Line: A Contemporary Right-To-Counsel Doctrine, Pamela R. Metzger
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
The current right-to-counsel doctrine was developed in the 1970's. It created a bright-line rule still in effect today. The right to counsel attaches only at "critical stages" of a criminal prosecution. Under this critical stage doctrine, the right to counsel only attaches after the initiation of formal adversary proceedings and only applies to confrontations between the accused and the prosecution or law enforcement. In the years following the Supreme Court's development of the critical stage doctrine, national trends of mandatory sentencing and sentencing guidelines revolutionized criminal procedure and dramatically altered the roles of the system's key players.
Now, defense counsel's …
Section 8: Criminal Law & Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Section 8: Criminal Law & Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Supreme Court Preview
No abstract provided.
Section 5: Criminal Law And Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Section 5: Criminal Law And Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Supreme Court Preview
No abstract provided.
The Commercial Activity Exception Under The Fsia, Personhood Under The Fifth Amendment And Jurisdiction Over Foreign States: A Partial Roadmap For The Supreme Court In The New Millennium, Stephen J. Leacock
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Section 6: Criminal Law & Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Section 6: Criminal Law & Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Supreme Court Preview
No abstract provided.
A Judicious Solution: The Criminal Law Committee Draft Redefinition Of The Loss Concept In Economic Crime Sentencing, Frank O. Bowman Iii
A Judicious Solution: The Criminal Law Committee Draft Redefinition Of The Loss Concept In Economic Crime Sentencing, Frank O. Bowman Iii
Faculty Publications
In December 1999, the United States Sentencing Commission (Commission), an institution that had been in suspended animation for over a year with all seven voting seats vacant, fluttered its eyelids and came back to life. An agreement between the Senate and the White House produced seven new Commissioners: five sitting federal judges, the former General Counsel of the Commission, and a law professor. The new group began work immediately, making itself accessible in meetings with lawyers and judges around the country, exuding an air of intelligence and collegiality, and dispensing in short order with a backlog of amendments to the …