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Criminal Procedure Commons™

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2005

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Institution
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Articles 241 - 258 of 258

Full-Text Articles in Criminal Procedure

Summary Of Garcia V. State , Justin L. Carley Jan 2005

Summary Of Garcia V. State , Justin L. Carley

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

Ramon Garcia appealed his convictions for: (1) burglary while in possession of a firearm, (2) robbery with the use of a deadly weapon, (3) first-degree kidnapping, 4. conspiracy to commit burglary, (5) another burglary while in the possession of a firearm, 6. conspiracy to commit robbery, (7) attempted robbery with the use of a deadly weapon, and 8. false imprisonment. Garcia argued that: (1) the jury instruction on false imprisonment was improper, (2). the state presented insufficient evidence to support a verdict on kidnapping and false imprisonment, (3) the district court erroneously failed to hold a hearing on his motion …

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Summary Of Hymon V. State, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 23, Bryson D. Perkins Jan 2005

Summary Of Hymon V. State, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 23, Bryson D. Perkins

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

In April 2001, Hymon stole a purse from a woman in the lobby of an auto repair shop. He ran, and two of the shop’s mechanics pursued him. They caught up to him when he fell on the curb, but he stood and swung a four- to six-inch long pocketknife. They backed away, allowing him to escape, but the police apprehended him shortly thereafter. After Hymon requested to represent himself, the district court conducted a Faretta canvass,2 and concluded that Hymon was competent to waive his right to counsel. Hymon was uncooperative and unwilling to communicate with the prosecutor, so …

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Summary Of Warren V. State, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 84, Charles R. Cordova, Jr. Jan 2005

Summary Of Warren V. State, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 84, Charles R. Cordova, Jr.

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

In November 2003 the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department executed a decoy operation targeting the crime of robbery. An officer was posed on a public street dressed as an intoxicated, off-duty casino dealer with a stack of twenty one-dollar bills visible in his left dress shirt pocket. The defendant approached the officer, made conversation and casually removed the dollar bills while placing his arm around the officer. When the officer acted as though he was turning his head to catch the defendant in the act, the defendant pushed the officer’s head away with his forearm twice. The defendant was arrested …

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Summary Of Wright V. Dep’T Of Motor Vehicles, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 14, Scott Mcdonald Jan 2005

Summary Of Wright V. Dep’T Of Motor Vehicles, 121 Nev. Adv. Op. 14, Scott Mcdonald

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

The defendant appealed the Department of Motor Vehicles’ (DMV) revocation of his driver’s license because he believed the arresting officer was without reasonable grounds for ordering an evidentiary blood alcohol test.2 Defendant also challenged the reliability of the field sobriety test (“FST”) as administered and questioned whether the DMV revoked his privileges with proper authority.3

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Judicial Selection And Democratic Theory: Demand, Supply, And Life Tenure, Judith Resnik Jan 2005

Judicial Selection And Democratic Theory: Demand, Supply, And Life Tenure, Judith Resnik

Cardozo Law Review

How ought a democracy select its judges? Critics in Canada, England, and Wales invoke the democratic values of accountability and transparency to call for a diminution in prime ministerial control over judicial appointments. In the United States, Article III of the Constitution's text directs that the President nominate - with the advice and consent of the Senate - life-tenured federal judges. Bitter conflicts about particular nominees have produced many proposals for changes of that system. And in those states that rely on various forms of judicial election, concerns focus on funding and campaigning. In short, both globally and locally, democracies …

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Crawford V. Washington: The End Of Victimless Prosecution?, Andrew King-Ries Jan 2005

Crawford V. Washington: The End Of Victimless Prosecution?, Andrew King-Ries

Faculty Law Review Articles

Domestic violence offenses are difficult to prosecute because the batterer's actions often make the victim unavailable to testify. Since the mid- 1990s, prosecutors have pursued "victimless" prosecutions' to combat the problem.2 Victimless prosecutions seek to introduce reliable evidence without the victim's in-court testimony, often to maintain the victim's safety or to avoid re-victimizing the victim.3 The victimless prosecution is based largely on the admission of hearsay statements that a victim makes to 911 operators, police officers, doctors, nurses, paramedics, and social workers.4 Victimless prosecution has been a highly successful tool in society's efforts to eradicate domestic violence and it is …

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Deviance, Due Process, And The False Promise Of Federal Rule Of Evidence 403, Aviva A. Orenstein Jan 2005

Deviance, Due Process, And The False Promise Of Federal Rule Of Evidence 403, Aviva A. Orenstein

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In a significant break with traditional evidence rules and policies, Federal Rules of Evidence 413 and 414 (concerning rape and child abuse, respectively) allow jurors to use the accused's prior sexual misconduct as evidence of character and propensity. Courts have rejected due process challenges to the new rules, holding that Federal Rule of Evidence 403 serves as a check on any fairness concerns. However, courts' application of Rule 403 in cases involving these sexual propensity rules is troubling. Relying on the legislative history of the new rules and announcing a presumption of admissibility, courts have forsaken the traditional operation of …

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Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock Jan 2005

Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock

Georgia Law Review

The Article concerns the governmental use of computerized data matching (comparison of records) and data mining (profiling),which increasingly are aimed at locating potential terrorists. The most striking aspect of virtually all anti-terrorist data matching and data mining decisions is the total absence of even the most rudimentary procedures for notice, hearing, or other opportunities for meaningful participation before, or even after, the deprivation is imposed. The Article evaluates under Fourth Amendment and due process standards a variety of law enforcement activities data matching or data mining might instigate. After reviewing these activities' potential effects on private, governmental, and accuracy interests, …

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Sentencing: Learning From, And Worrying About, The States, Gerard E. Lynch Jan 2005

Sentencing: Learning From, And Worrying About, The States, Gerard E. Lynch

Faculty Scholarship

The Columbia Law Review's Symposium on sentencing, which took place less than two weeks after the Supreme Court's dramatic semi-invalidation of the federal sentencing guidelines, was certainly timely. Nevertheless, it is critical to understanding the Symposium's purposes to realize that it was not planned in response to United States v. Booker, or even to Blakely v. Washington. The Symposium was conceived before either case was decided, as a very conscious attempt to steer the discussion of sentencing away from Congress and the federal guidelines and toward states' experiences. The vast majority of criminals are sentenced in state …

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Al Capone's Revenge: An Essay On The Political Economy Of Pretextual Prosecution, Daniel C. Richman, William J. Stuntz Jan 2005

Al Capone's Revenge: An Essay On The Political Economy Of Pretextual Prosecution, Daniel C. Richman, William J. Stuntz

Faculty Scholarship

Most analyses of pretextual prosecutions – cases in which prosecutors target defendants based on suspicion of one crime but prosecute them for another, lesser crime – focus on the defendant's interest in fair treatment. Far too little attention is given to the strong social interest in non-pretextual prosecutions. Charging criminals with their "true" crimes makes criminal law enforcement more transparent, and hence more politically accountable. It probably also facilitates deterrence. Meanwhile, prosecutorial strategies of the sort used to "get" Al Capone can create serious credibility problems. The Justice Department has struggled with those problems as it has used Capone-style strategies …

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Justice And Fairness In The Protection Of Crime Victims, George P. Fletcher Jan 2005

Justice And Fairness In The Protection Of Crime Victims, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

In this Article, Professor Fletcher discusses the crucial distinction between justice and fairness-as well as its effect on the shifting "boundaries of victimhood "-from a comparative viewpoint by examining the approaches that various human rights instruments take to the problem of victims' rights. While the European Convention on Human Rights represents an evolving "middle ground" in the treatment of victims' rights (such recent cases as X. & Y. v. The Netherlands, A. v. United Kingdom, and M.C. v. Bulgaria are examined), only the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court gives real priority to victims of crime with …

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Developmental Incompetence, Due Process, And Juvenile Justice Policy, Elizabeth S. Scott, Thomas Grisso Jan 2005

Developmental Incompetence, Due Process, And Juvenile Justice Policy, Elizabeth S. Scott, Thomas Grisso

Faculty Scholarship

In 2003, the Florida District Court of Appeal reversed the murder conviction and life sentence imposed on Lionel Tate, who was twelve years old when he killed his six-year-old neighbor. Since Lionel was reported to be the youngest person in modern times to be sent to prison for life, the case had generated considerable debate, and the decision was appealed on several grounds. What persuaded the appellate court that the conviction could not stand, however, was the trial court's rejection of a petition by Lionel's attorney for an evaluation of his client's competence to assist counsel and to make a …

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Rethinking Retroactivity, Robert J. Jackson Jr. Jan 2005

Rethinking Retroactivity, Robert J. Jackson Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

Under the stringent test set forth in Teague v. Lane,' defendants convicted of criminal offenses are generally unable to collaterally attack their convictions by invoking constitutional rules of criminal procedure announced after their convictions become final.2 The purported exception to this general principle is said to require that a new constitutional rule be "implicit in the concept of ordered liberty'3 for it to be applied to criminal cases decided before its pronouncement. Once a rule of criminal procedure is characterized as "new,"4 Teague prohibits the rule's invocation in habeas proceedings unless the rule both "assure[s] that no man has been …

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An Analysis Of The Nypd's Stop-And-Frisk Policy In The Context Of Claims Of Racial Bias, Andrew Gelman, Alex Kiss, Jeffrey Fagan Jan 2005

An Analysis Of The Nypd's Stop-And-Frisk Policy In The Context Of Claims Of Racial Bias, Andrew Gelman, Alex Kiss, Jeffrey Fagan

Faculty Scholarship

Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that police stop racial and ethnic minority citizens more often than whites, relative to their proportions in the population. However, it has been argued stop rates more accurately reflect rates of crimes committed by each ethnic group, or that stop rates reflect elevated rates in specific social areas such as neighborhoods or precincts. Most of the research on stop rates and police-citizen interactions has focused on traffic stops, and analyses of pedestrian stops are rare. In this paper, we analyze data from 175,000 pedestrian stops by the New York Police Department over …

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Solving The Williams Puzzle, Kyron J. Huigens Jan 2005

Solving The Williams Puzzle, Kyron J. Huigens

Articles

In the 1949 case of Williams v. New York, the United States Supreme Court approved of judicial factfinding as a feature of discretionary sentencing. The Court's more recent ban on judicial factfinding in determinate sentencing systems would seem to apply to discretionary sentencing systems as well, implying that Williams is no longer good law. If a sentencing judge may find facts in the exercise of discretionary sentencing as a matter of due process, then a legislature's attempt to introduce rule-of-law values into sentencing by creating a determinate sentencing regime hardly seems to call for constitutional limitations on judicial factfinding. And …

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The Crime Victim's Right To Attend The Trial: The Reascendant National Consensus, Douglas Evan Beloof, Paul Cassell Jan 2005

The Crime Victim's Right To Attend The Trial: The Reascendant National Consensus, Douglas Evan Beloof, Paul Cassell

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

This article contends that crime victims should have an unequivocal right to attend a criminal trial, even in cases where they will be called as witnesses. A victim's right to attend trial has strong historical support, as at common law victims attended trial as private prosecutors. More recently, crime victims' rights legislation passed in the majority of states recognizes the victim's right to attend. Nothing in the Constitution prevents victims from attending trial, and strong public policy reasons support such an approach. Observing the trial can have import therapeutic and other benefits for victims. Any risk of prejudice to a …

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Protecting The Innocent: The Massachusetts Governor's Council Report, Joseph L. Hoffmann Jan 2005

Protecting The Innocent: The Massachusetts Governor's Council Report, Joseph L. Hoffmann

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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Reflections On The Essential Role Of Legal Scholarship In Advancing Causes Of Citizen Groups, Nadine Strossen Jan 2005

Reflections On The Essential Role Of Legal Scholarship In Advancing Causes Of Citizen Groups, Nadine Strossen

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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