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Articles 91 - 120 of 123
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Procedure
Resurrecting Autonomy: The Criminal Defendant's Right To Control The Case, Erica J. Hashimoto
Resurrecting Autonomy: The Criminal Defendant's Right To Control The Case, Erica J. Hashimoto
Scholarly Works
In Faretta v. California, the Supreme Court exalted the value of autonomy – the criminal defendant’s interest in presenting and controlling the defense. Over the course of the past thirty-five years, however, the Court’s enthusiasm has dissipated, and commentators have criticized courts that have given defendants any measure of control over their cases. As a result, lower courts increasingly have shifted control from defendants to their lawyers. In light of that retrenchment, this Article reevaluates the autonomy interest on its merits. This reexamination confirms that Faretta got it right, and the Supreme Court should revitalize the constitutional interest of criminal …
Waiving Good-Bye To Inconsistency: Factual Basis Challenges To Guilty Pleas In Federal Courts, William T. Stone Jr
Waiving Good-Bye To Inconsistency: Factual Basis Challenges To Guilty Pleas In Federal Courts, William T. Stone Jr
Georgia Law Review
Rule 11(b)(3) of the Federal Rules of CriminalProcedure
requires courts to determine that criminal defendants'
guilty pleas have a factual basis. Once a district court
accepts a guilty plea, appellate courts diverge in their
willingness to review challenges to the sufficiency of the
plea's factual basis. Some federal circuits hold that a
factual basis challenge is waived by the guilty plea. Other
jurisdictions will review a defendant's factual basis
challenge on appeal. Despite the lack of clarity on this
point, the Supreme Court has not yet provided guidance
and the federal circuit courts have not offered a great deal
of …
Prosecuting Political Defendants, Anthony S. Barkow, Beth George
Prosecuting Political Defendants, Anthony S. Barkow, Beth George
Georgia Law Review
Prosecutors are obligated to enforce the law without bias or prejudice. Prosecutors will face cases, however, where a prosecution has political overtones due to the substance of the underlying crime or the identity of the defendant. Maintaining public confidence in the impartiality of such prosecutions is vital to protecting the public's trust in the criminal justice system. This Article explores three recent federal cases where the defendant's identity added a political element to the prosecution. It then examines how the Department of Justice regulates prosecutors' release of information to the public, including its charging policy and its interactions with the …
No Names, Please: The Virtual Victimization Of Children, Crime Victims, The Mentally Ill, And Others In Appellate Court Opinions, Joel M. Schumm
No Names, Please: The Virtual Victimization Of Children, Crime Victims, The Mentally Ill, And Others In Appellate Court Opinions, Joel M. Schumm
Georgia Law Review
Google and other search engines allow anyone with Internet access the ability to obtain a wealth of information about their neighbors, acquaintances, employees, or even adversaries. Although easy access to information is generally a positive development, the easy discovery of highly personal and stigmatizing information often is not. It is particularly disconcerting when the information is being purveyed by appellate courts around the nation when they post hundreds of opinions to court websites every day. This Article surveys the use of initials and pseudonyms in appellate opinions for victims of crime, children, the mentally ill, jurors, and others. It discusses …
Plea Bargaining And Procedural Justice, Michael M. O'Hear
Plea Bargaining And Procedural Justice, Michael M. O'Hear
Georgia Law Review
Recognizing the increasingly dominant role of plea bargaining in the American criminal justice system, legal scholars \have devoted considerable attention in recent years to problems of accuracy and proportionality in cases resolved by guilty plea. However, an overriding focus on the outcomes of plea bargaining misses the important contributions that process makes to the acceptance of outcomes and the perceived legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Drawing on the extensive social psychology research on procedural justice, this Article proposes five process norms that prosecutors ought to observe when making or responding to plea offers. Paying greater attention to procedural justice …
Distorting Due Process For Noble Purposes: The Emasculation Of America's Material Witness Laws, Ronald L. Carlson
Distorting Due Process For Noble Purposes: The Emasculation Of America's Material Witness Laws, Ronald L. Carlson
Georgia Law Review
Civil liberties issues raised by governmental interference with free speech or by police execution of clandestine searches are regularly litigated. Less obtrusive but nonetheless highly concerning is the subject of this Article. Lurking under the radar is a hidden danger. Authorities have protected and expanded their statutory opportunities to imprison unsuspecting and sometimes innocent witnesses to crimes. Most Americans are shocked to know that witnesses to crimes can be jailed in order to insure their testimony against a defendant. Before 9/11, only a handful of unfortunate citizens felt the sting of these laws. The accelerated use of material witness statutes …
A New Era Of Federal Sentencing: The Guidelines Provide District Court Judges A Cloak, But Is Gall Their Dagger?, Anna E. Papa
A New Era Of Federal Sentencing: The Guidelines Provide District Court Judges A Cloak, But Is Gall Their Dagger?, Anna E. Papa
Georgia Law Review
Federal district court judges today have a level of sentencing discretion that has been unknown since the adoption of the United States Sentencing Guidelines. This Note reviews the history of the Guidelines and outlines the problems that have resulted from the Supreme Court's decisions in Booker, Rita, and Gall This Note argues that the confusion may be clarified by giving effect to the text of 18 U.S.C. §3553(a), which requires that federal district court judges impose sentences that are sufficient, but not greater than necessary, and requires them to examine all the factors provided in the statute. The court's recent …
Drug Treatment Courts In The Twenty-First Century: The Evolution Of The Revolution In Problem-Solving Courts, The Honorable Peggy F. Hora, Theodore Stalcup
Drug Treatment Courts In The Twenty-First Century: The Evolution Of The Revolution In Problem-Solving Courts, The Honorable Peggy F. Hora, Theodore Stalcup
Georgia Law Review
Covering developments in the drug treatment court movement in the years since the turn of the millennium, Judge Hora and Mr. Stalcup inform the reader about updates relevant to the subject and address the arguments and concerns of other authors. The Article reviews drug treatment court basics, describes their function, and evaluates legal aspects of drug treatment court practice. The authors' analysis includes the latest in genetic research, penal statistics, and recent court cases that bear on the subject. Beginning with the premise that traditional criminal case processing does not address the underlying causes of much criminal behavior, the authors …
Bringing An End To Warrantless Cell Phone Searches, Bryan A. Stillwagon
Bringing An End To Warrantless Cell Phone Searches, Bryan A. Stillwagon
Georgia Law Review
Cell phones keep society connected, and exploring their contents reveals a glimpse into the user's life. As technology develops and these phones advance, this glimpse becomes a more complete picture of the user's life. The Fourth Amendment speaks of a right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures, but this right is threatened when judges permit the few exceptions to the warrant requirement to envelop the general rule. This Note begins with a brief review of the history of both cellphones and warrantless searches, followed by the recent history of warrantless cell phone searches. While focusing on the search- …
A Mystery Of Motherhood: The Legal Consequences Of Insufficient Research On Postpartum Illness, Lindsey C. Perry
A Mystery Of Motherhood: The Legal Consequences Of Insufficient Research On Postpartum Illness, Lindsey C. Perry
Georgia Law Review
Postpartum illness is a real and serious affliction, suffered by many mothers throughout the country. For decades, courts have struggled with the issue of how postpartum illness fits into the current framework for legal insanity. Recent publicity of the Andrea Yates trial and her subsequent acquittal brought postpartum psychosis to the attention of the American public. This Note explores the background of postpartum psychosis and its treatment in U.S. courts. It discusses the possibilities for addressing postpartum psychosis in criminal proceedings and proposes that further research and understanding are necessary to provide justice for female defendants afflicted with postpartum psychosis. …
Crumbs From The Master's Table: The Supreme Court, Pro Se Defendants And The Federal Guilty Plea Process, Julian A. Cook
Crumbs From The Master's Table: The Supreme Court, Pro Se Defendants And The Federal Guilty Plea Process, Julian A. Cook
Scholarly Works
This Article will commence with a review of the rather significant evolution of Rule 11, including a review of several pertinent Supreme Court decisions that have helped shape its current structure. Thereafter, the predominant judicial methodology for conducting Rule 11 hearings will be discussed. Specifically, this Article will take a brief but critical look at, inter alia, the examination techniques employed by the judiciary when conducting Rule 11 hearings, and conclude that the process typically employed inadequately assesses whether a defendant's guilty plea was entered into knowingly and voluntarily. Next, this Article will discuss two very recent Supreme Court decisions--United …
Habeas Corpus And Baseball, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Habeas Corpus And Baseball, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries playing baseball on Sundays was a criminal offense in many states, where police often aggressively intervened to prevent or stop baseball games from being played on the Sabbath. In 1894, “the police of the city of Brooklyn took it upon themselves to chase, club and lock up all boys and men found playing ball on Sunday,” People ex rel. Poole v. Hesterberg, 43 Misc. 510, 89 N.Y.S. 498, 499 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. Kings County 1904); on two consecutive Sundays in July 1910, two professional baseball teams attempting to play in Chemung County, …
Banishing Acts: How Far May States Go To Keep Convicted Sex Offenders Away From Children?, Bret R. Hobson
Banishing Acts: How Far May States Go To Keep Convicted Sex Offenders Away From Children?, Bret R. Hobson
Georgia Law Review
Few legislative goals are more commendable than states' attempts to prevent child sexual abuse. Given the difficult nature of this problem, some judicial deference to legislative efforts is appropriate. Politicians, however, should not receive carte blanche to enact reactionary, overinclusive statutes of questionable efficacy. When laws such as residency restrictions target all convicted sex offenders who have already paid their debt to society, courts should closely examine whether such laws violate substantive due process and the Ex Post Facto Clause. Despite the difficulty in articulating a discrete fundamental right that is infringed by residency restrictions,these laws restrain the liberty of …
Plea Bargaining At The Hague, Julian A. Cook
Plea Bargaining At The Hague, Julian A. Cook
Scholarly Works
Plea bargaining has come to The Hague. For most of its existence, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) shunned plea bargains. However, under pressure from United Nations member states and the impending deadline for the resolution of its caseload, the ICTY has increasingly relied on plea bargains in recent months. This Article exposes the deficiencies in guilty plea procedures at The Hague, particularly those designed to assess whether a plea is fully informed and voluntary. In a series of case studies, the Article argues that judicial questioning techniques have exploited the vulnerable state of defendants appearing before …
Causing Constitutional Harm: How Tort Law Can Help Determine Harmless Error In Criminal Trials, Jason M. Solomon
Causing Constitutional Harm: How Tort Law Can Help Determine Harmless Error In Criminal Trials, Jason M. Solomon
Scholarly Works
This Article proceeds in four parts. Part II is a brief overview of harmless-error doctrine in the context of habeas challenges to state criminal convictions, focusing on the nature of the inquiry and the doctrinal deadlock described above. Part III is an empirical analysis of the post-Brecht cases in the federal courts of appeals. To search for a way out of the doctrinal deadlock, I started with a relatively straightforward question: what has happened to harmless-error analysis since Brecht? To answer this question, I reviewed and, with the help of a research assistant, coded all of the 315 …
Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock
Data Matching, Data Mining, And Due Process, Daniel J. Steinbock
Georgia Law Review
The Article concerns the governmental use of computerized data matching (comparison of records) and data mining (profiling),which increasingly are aimed at locating potential terrorists. The most striking aspect of virtually all anti-terrorist data matching and data mining decisions is the total absence of even the most rudimentary procedures for notice, hearing, or other opportunities for meaningful participation before, or even after, the deprivation is imposed. The Article evaluates under Fourth Amendment and due process standards a variety of law enforcement activities data matching or data mining might instigate. After reviewing these activities' potential effects on private, governmental, and accuracy interests, …
The Writ Of Habeas Corpus, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The Writ Of Habeas Corpus, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
A fundamental legal safeguard of freedom and the most important English common law writ, the writ of habeas corpus is a court order commanding that an imprisoned person be personally produced in court and that an explanation be provided as to why that person is detained. The writ of habeas corpus provides a judicial remedy for enforcing a fundamental individual right, the right to personal liberty, which may be defined as the right to be free of physical restraint that is not justified by law. Whenever imprisonment violates a constitutional or fundamental right, there is an infringement of the right …
Should An Effective International Criminal Court Have Primacy Or Be Complementary To National Courts? An Analysis Of Concurrent Jurisdiction In The Ad Hoc Tribunals And The Rome Statute, Godwin Yenika Fonye
Should An Effective International Criminal Court Have Primacy Or Be Complementary To National Courts? An Analysis Of Concurrent Jurisdiction In The Ad Hoc Tribunals And The Rome Statute, Godwin Yenika Fonye
LLM Theses and Essays
Concurrent criminal jurisdiction depicts a scenario where two or more judicial systems have the legal capacity to investigate, prosecute and punish an accused person for the same criminal acts under their respective, separate jurisdiction. This usually occurs between sovereign states. In the realm of crimes under international law, the distinguishing characteristic is the universal jurisdiction that is conferred on all States to prosecute and punish the perpetrators of such crimes. The "cumulative effect of these different principles of jurisdiction sometimes is to vest multiple states with concurrent jurisdiction to prosecute a given crime. This paper would attempt to analyze the …
Harmonic Convergence? Constitutional Criminal Procedure In An International Context, Diane Marie Amann
Harmonic Convergence? Constitutional Criminal Procedure In An International Context, Diane Marie Amann
Scholarly Works
Throughout the world, a trend toward a shared - a constitutional - criminal procedure may be detected. It is evident in common-law, civil-law, and mixed systems: individual states like China adopt laws promising once-alien concepts like a presumption of innocence, even as supranational bodies like the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia debate how to adapt certain norms to a hybrid structure. Some have suggested that such developments may herald a harmonic convergence of criminal procedure rules. This Article examines the likelihood of such a convergence. It establishes as a keynote around which harmony may develop the model of constitutional …
The Georgia Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act Of 1995, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The Georgia Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act Of 1995, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
On April 10, 1995, Gov. Zell Miller signed into law Georgia's Death Penalty Habeas Corpus Reform Act of 1995. The Act is premised upon the following findings and determinations of the General Assembly: that through direct appeal, sentence review, and habeas corpus the state now provides persons sentenced to death "adequate opportunities" to assert their constitutional rights; that habeas corpus proceedings should not be used by persons sentenced to death "solely as a delaying tactic under the guise of asserting rights;" and that "strict compliance" with habeas corpus procedures "will prevent the waste of limited resources and will eliminate unnecessary …
The Fourth Amendment Protection Against Unreasonable Searches And Seizures And The French Experience, Florence Sophie Boreil
The Fourth Amendment Protection Against Unreasonable Searches And Seizures And The French Experience, Florence Sophie Boreil
LLM Theses and Essays
Under the American approach to criminal justice, freedom of the individual is of the utmost importance. The American criminal justice system reflects a distrust of abuse of power and an emphasis on protection of personal freedom. However, the French take a contrary approach; under French law, freedom is achieved through the State. This paper examines the protection of individuals’ rights in American and French criminal procedure. Focus will be given to tracking the police investigatory powers in each country through searches and seizures, and the impact that those powers have on individuals’ rights. This paper will assert that the police …
The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure In 1984: Death Of The Phoenix?, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure In 1984: Death Of The Phoenix?, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
A decade has passed since my first article on the topic of new federalism in criminal procedure entitled, The New Federalism in Criminal Procedure: State Court Evasion of the Burger Court. This chapter takes a fresh look at the new federalism in criminal procedure in light of developments occurring since 1974.
When Guilt Should Be Irrelevant: Government Overreaching As A Bar To Reprosecution Under The Double Jeopardy Clause After Oregon V. Kennedy, James F. Ponsoldt
When Guilt Should Be Irrelevant: Government Overreaching As A Bar To Reprosecution Under The Double Jeopardy Clause After Oregon V. Kennedy, James F. Ponsoldt
Scholarly Works
This article examines the effect of Oregon v. Kennedy on the Burger Court's double jeopardy jurisprudence in cases where government misconduct has interfered with the integrity of a first trial. The article proposes the complete elimination of current distinctions between mistrial and appellate reversal cases for double jeopardy analysis, on the ground that those distinctions no longer have intellectual or practical support. Moreover, against the contention of the Court in Oregon v. Kennedy that any test for overreaching necessarily would be standardless, this article proposes the adoption of a "plain error" standard. Under this test, "plain" government error, engaged in …
Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia: A Decade After The Habeas Corpus Act, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia: A Decade After The Habeas Corpus Act, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
Part II of this Article will highlight the grounds for relief from a conviction or sentence that were available to a Georgia prisoner prior to 1967 and the procedural obstacles to relief that existed. Part III will explore the grounds for relief currently available, and Part IV will examine the procedural obstacles to postconviction relief that remain. Part V will briefly summarize the availability of postconfiction relief in federal court to determine whether the 1967 Act has in fact eliminated the friction between the state courts and the federal courts.
"A Most Deplorable Paradox": Admitting Illegally Obtained Evidence In Georgia--Past, Present, And Future, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
"A Most Deplorable Paradox": Admitting Illegally Obtained Evidence In Georgia--Past, Present, And Future, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
This Article explores the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in Georgia criminal cases prior to 1961 and during the post-Mapp era and endeavors to assess the future admissibility of illegally seized evidence in Georgia under both federal and state law.
The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure Revisited, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure Revisited, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
As a result of the Burger Court's seemingly inexorable relaxation of federal protection for criminal defendants, a number of state courts have continued to expand basic rights on state law grounds, thereby utilizing the adequate state ground doctrine to avoid further review by the Burger Court. Part II of this article will examine the evasion cases decided since March 1975. The prospects for continued evasion will be accessed in Part III.
More On The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
More On The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
The Burger Court has continued to relax federal constitutional restraints on the power of police and prosecutorial officials to detect and convict persons suspected of crime. During the 1973 Term, the fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure appears to have been the principal casualty of the Court's permissive attitude toward the exercise of governmental authority to enforce criminal laws. Although over half a dozen search and seizure cases were decided, in not a single one did the Court find that evidence had been obtained in violation of the fourth amendment. Other decisions narrowly interpreted the …
A New Role For An Ancient Writ: Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia (Part Ii), Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
A New Role For An Ancient Writ: Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia (Part Ii), Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
In Part I of this Article, appearing in Volume 8 of the Georgia Law Review at page 313, Professor Wilkes traced the development of postconviction habeas corpus in Georgia up to 1967. In this the second part of the Article, he examines the background and passage of the Georgia Habeas Corpus Act of 1967. Finally, Professor Wilkes assesses the degree to which the Act has fulfilled its purposes, and suggests several possible changes for the future.
"Criminal Records"--A Comparative Approach, Sigmund A. Cohn
"Criminal Records"--A Comparative Approach, Sigmund A. Cohn
Scholarly Works
There is in the United States a need to balance the interest of the public in the apprehension and conviction of criminals with that of individuals arrested but not convicted of any wrongdoing. As has been shown, some of the leading civil law countries have approached this goal in two ways: first, by not requiring an arrest in a great number of criminal cases and thus not furthering in the mind of the public the idea that arrest and criminal wrongdoing are identical, and second, by confining entries in criminal records, at least on principle, to final convictions of criminal …
A New Role For An Ancient Writ: Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia (Part I), Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
A New Role For An Ancient Writ: Postconviction Habeas Corpus Relief In Georgia (Part I), Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
Because it has been esteemed in this state for centuries, the writ of habeas corpus has played a significant role in the history of Georgia civil liberties. Indeed, one Georgia court early state that "[w]hen the writ is applied for, no inquiry is made as to the complexion of the petitioner, or the place of his permanent allegiance. All of every condition, of every country and of every complexion are equally entitled to it, the native of South Africa, not less than the Peer of the Realms." In the first part of his Article, Professor Wilkes examines the origins of …