Criminal Procedure Commons^™

Factors For Reasonable Suspicion: When Black And Poor Means Stopped And Frisked, David A. Harris

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Double Jeopardy, The Federal Sentencing Guidelines, And The Subsequent-Prosecution Dilemma, Elizabeth T. Lear

UF Law Faculty Publications

The choice to embrace a real-offense regime probably constitutes the single most controversial decision made by the Federal Sentencing Commission in drafting the Federal Sentencing Guidelines ("Guidelines"). Real-offense sentencing bases punishment on a defendant's actual conduct as opposed to the offense of conviction. The Guidelines sweep a variety of factors into the sentencing inquiry, including criminal offenses for which no conviction has been obtained. Under the Guidelines, therefore, prosecutorial charging decisions and even verdicts of acquittal after jury trial may have little impact at sentencing.

Long before the adoption of the Guidelines, courts bent on rationalizing the real-offense regime devised …

Words And Sentences: Penalty Enhancement For Hate Crimes, Shirley S. Abrahamson, Susan Craighead, Daniel N. Abrahamson

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Partial Republican, John O. Mcginnis

Articles

No abstract provided.

Felony-Murder Doctrine Through The Federal Looking Glass, Henry S. Noyes

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Law, Culture, And Harassment, Anita Bernstein

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Impeachment By Conviction Evidence: Judicial Discretion And The Politics Of Rule 609, Victor Gold

Cardozo Law Review

No provision of the Federal Rules of Evidence has sparked more controversy than Rule 609, which deals with the admissibility of convictions to impeach a witness. When first proposed, the provision was the subject of fierce debate, sparking repeated revision during its drafting and while it was under consideration by Congress. Ultimately, no one side in this legislative battle prevailed entirely; the Rule strikes a compromise between sharply conflicting policies. The text of Rule 609, incorporating no less than three balancing tests, two references to fairness, one to justice, and several other undefined terms, leaves the task of resolving the …

Never Again? The "Concentration Camps" In Bosnia-Herzegovina: A Legal Analysis Of Human Rights Abuses, Alan C. Laifer

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note draws parallels between the atrocities committed during the Holocaust and the ongoing violence in Bosnia, emphasizing the need for international accountability. It advocates for the establishment of a War Crimes Tribunal, modeled after the Nuremberg Tribunal, to prosecute individuals responsible for genocide and other war crimes. The analysis critiques the international community’s inaction and underscores the importance of upholding international law to prevent future atrocities.

Daubert: Interpreting The Federal Rules Of Evidence, Paul C. Giannelli

Cardozo Law Review

In 1992 Judge Becker and Professor Orenstein referred to the Frye issue - the admissibility of novel scientific evidence-as the "most controversial and important unresolved question" in the Federal Rules of Evidence. Indeed, during the prior decade the federal courts had battled over the issue, as had their state counterparts. Similarly, text writers and law review commentators vigorously disagreed about the proper standard for admitting scientific evidence. While one ABA report on the Federal Rules explored the Frye issue and concluded that it "is not clear that any standard would produce agreement at the moment," another report cited it as …

The Meaning Of Daubert And What That Means For Forensic Science, Randolph N. Jonakait

Cardozo Law Review

Daubert's effect on forensic science is unclear because the opinion is unclear. The Daubert Court did start blazing a useful path by stating that before scientific testimony is admitted, the trial court must be convinced that "the reasoning or methodology underlying the testimony is scientifically valid and ... that [the] reasoning or methodology properly can be applied to the facts in issue." But the Court's trailblazing was incomplete and often misleading.

The Next Step After Daubert: Developing A Similarly Epistemological Approach To Ensuring The Reliability Of Nonscientific Expert Testimony, Edward J. Imwinkelried

Cardozo Law Review

On June 28, 1993, after much fanfare, the United States Supreme Court rendered its decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The decision was not only preceded by intense media attention; the decision was also immediately followed by a massive-and growing-volume of commentary. As is usually true with landmark decisions, it is imperative to identify what the Court decided and what the Court left unresolved.

Mihas V. United States, Jennifer Fox

University of the District of Columbia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Challenging Prosecutorial Peremptory Challenges: Little V. United States, Suzanne Frare

University of the District of Columbia Law Review

No abstract provided.

From The Battlefront To The Homefront: Infrared Surveillance And The War On Drugs Place Privacy Under Siege, Lynne M. Pochurek

St. Thomas Law Review

While George Orwell contemplated the realities of modem technology racing ahead with ever increasing speed and thwarting our individual privacy, it is clear that the Framers of the Constitution did not. This technological advancement, coupled with America's overriding concern with fighting the "war on drugs," has immensely compromised the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Once commanding great respect, this Amendment was "sanctified by a Supreme Court that felt compelled to protect all of us, the innocent and guilty alike, from arbitrary and unlawful government intrusions." Unfortunately, the modem courts have not been faithful in adhering to the Framers' …

Preserving A Community Voice: The Case For Half-And-Half Juries In Racially-Charged Criminal Cases, 28 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1 (1994), Daniel W. Van Ness

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Categorical And Individualized Rights-Ordering On Federal Habeas Corpus, Daniel B. Yeager

Faculty Scholarship

This Article criticizes the Supreme Court's treatment of both individualized and categorical bases of relief on federal habeas corpus. Part I notes the Court's trend toward trimming the process that is due in criminal and prisoner litigation generally. This trend may explain the drop in process on habeas as well, but generally declining process cannot explain which rights, if any, should survive the decline. That would require our weighting, if not reconciling, accuracy and dignitary norms, which is the subject of Part II. In Part II, I examine Withrow v Williams, a case from the Court's 1992 Term, which, for …

Police Interrogation: The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination, The Right To Counsel, And The Incomplete Metamorphosis Of Justice White, 48 U. Miami L. Rev. 511 (1994), Ralph Ruebner

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The "Wrap" On Probable Cause: The Fourth Amendment Contained, Paul L. Kaminsky

St. Thomas Law Review

Part I of this Note begins by exploring the meaning of probable cause, briefly tracing its development. Part I continues with an examination of how the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourth Amendment and the probable cause requirement relates to searches and seizures of containers, specifically, containers that may fall within the Sanders' footnote "exception." The relationship between the Sanders doctrine and that of the "plain view" doctrine will also be examined. In Part II, this Note presents the case of United States v. Prandy-Binett as an example of the above-mentioned doctrinal exceptions to the requirements of the Fourth Amendment …

For The Criminal Practitioner, Carl Horn

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Depravity Thrice Removed: Using The 'Heinous, Cruel, Or Depraved' Factor To Aggravate Convictions Of Nontriggermen Accomplices In Capital Cases, Richard W. Garnett

Journal Articles

In Tison v. Arizona, the Tison brothers' appeal from their death sentences, the U.S. Supreme Court held that a nontriggerman convicted of first-degree felony murder could constitutionally be executed if he was a major participant in the crime and if he exhibited a reckless disregard for human life. This decision blurred the bright-line rule announced just five years earlier in Enmund v. Florida, which limited the death penalty to defendants who kill, attempt to kill, or at least intend to kill. Tison thus dramatically increased the exposure of nontriggermen to capital punishment, undercutting the death penalty's limited purpose of identifying …

The Theories Of Federal Habeas Corpus, Evan Tsen Lee

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Sentencing: Capital Punishment, Jodi L. Short, Mark D. Spoto

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Brutality In Blue: Community, Authority, And The Elusive Promise Of Police Reform, Debra A. Livingston

Faculty Scholarship

In January 1994, President Clinton invited Kevin Jett, a thirtyone-year-old New York City police officer who walks a beat in the northwest Bronx, to attend the State of the Union Address. Jett stood for Congress's applause as the President called for the addition of 100,000 new community police officers to walk beats across the nation. The crime problem faced by Officer Jett and community police officers like him, the President said, has its roots "in the loss of values, the disappearance of work, and the breakdown of our families and communities." According to the Clinton administration, however, the police – …

On The Moral Irrelevance Of Bodily Movements, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

In the mess of confusions called Anglo-American criminal law, writers commonly refer to the "problem of punishing omissions." There is something untoward, they say, about imposing criminal liability on the bystander who could intervene to save a drowning child and fails to do so. Punishing acts in violation of the law is all right, but there is some special difficulty, never completely understood and clarified, about imposing liability for omissions.

The confusion about omissions has suffered unnecessary compounding by the organization of one of the leading casebooks on criminal law. Apparently not quite sure where to locate their cases on …

Overbroad Civil Forfeiture Statutes Are Unconstitutionally Vague, Deborah Duseau, David Schoenbrod

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Fifth Amendment Compelled Statements: Modeling The Contours Of Their Protected Scope, Kate Bloch

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

"Other Crimes" Evidence In Sex Offense Cases, Roger C. Park, David P. Bryden

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Justice Byron White And The Argument That The Greater Includes The Lesser, Michael E. Herz

Articles

No abstract provided.

Of Laws And Men: An Essay On Justice Marshall's View Of Criminal Procedure, Daniel C. Richman, Bruce A. Green

Faculty Scholarship

As a general rule, criminal defendants whose cases made it to the Supreme Court between 1967 and 1991 must have thought that, as long as Justice Thurgood Marshall occupied one of the nine seats, they had one vote for sure. And Justice Marshall rarely disappointed them – certainly not in cases of any broad constitutional significance. From his votes and opinions, particularly his dissents, many were quick to conclude that the Justice was another of those "bleeding heart liberals," hostile to the mission of law enforcement officers and ready to overlook the gravity of the crimes of which the defendants …

Taking The Fifth: Reconsidering The Origins Of The Constitutional Privilege Against Self-Incrimination, Eben Moglen

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this essay is to cast doubt on two basic elements of the received historical wisdom concerning the privilege as it applies to British North America and the early United States. First, early American criminal procedure reflected less tenderness toward the silence of the criminal accused than the received wisdom has claimed. The system could more reasonably be said to have depended on self-incrimination than to have eschewed it, and this dependence increased rather than decreased during the provincial period for reasons intimately connected with the economic and social context of the criminal trial in colonial America.

Second, …