Criminal Law Commons^™

Radical Criminology And The Law Reform Commission Of Canada – A Reply To Professor M. R. Goode, John Barnes, Randal Marlin

Dalhousie Law Journal

Professor M. R. Goode' has recently attacked the criminal law work of the Law Reform Commission of Canada as "profoundly unsatisfactory" ' because the Commission has apparently adopted an outmoded theory of the criminal process. He maintains that the approach of the Commission has been vitiated by ... what may be loosely called a liberal-positivist ideology, which fails to question the most fundamental bases of the criminal process in a democratic capitalist society and the faiths which underlie them. This failing to question or to-give written consideration to current criticisms of this ideology has led, in Goode's view, to "the …

A Critique Of The Proposed West Virginia Criminal Code, Robert Batey, Jay Montgomery Brown

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Turner V. State, 340 So. 2d 132 (Fla. 2d Dist. Ct. App. 1976), Melanie Hines Alford

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- ETHICS- PUBLIC DEFENDER'S OFFICE IS A "LAW FIRM" FOR PURPOSE OF DETERMINING WHETHER CONFLICT EXISTS IN REPRESENTATION OF CODEFENDANTS.

Burgess V. State, 313 So. 2d 479 (Fla. 2d Dist. Ct. App. 1975), Cert. Denied, 326 So. 2d 441 (Fla. 1976), Wilbert Stevenson, Jr.

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- ARREST- COURT UPHOLDS THE RIGHT TO RESIST AN UNLAWFUL ARREST, BUT ISSUE SHOULD BE REVISITED UNDER NEW STATUTE.

Diminished Capacity-Recent Decisions And An Analytical Approach, Robert P. Bryant, Corbin B. Hume

Vanderbilt Law Review

The concept of diminished capacity allows a defendant in a criminal case to prove, usually by presenting psychiatrists who testify that he suffered from an abnormal mental condition, that he was unable to entertain the particular mens rea required for conviction.' Although courts historically have been reluctant to admit such testimony, in recent years a growing number of jurisdictions have recognized the concept of diminished capacity. Recent decisions in Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and North Carolina, as well as recently adopted statutes in ten other jurisdictions,illustrate the evidentiary, social, and constitutional issues raised by the concept of diminished capacity. …

Criminal Law - Counsel - Court-Appointed Attorney Held Absolutely Immune From Suit Under Federal Civil Rights Statute, William A. Cahill, Jr.

Fordham Urban Law Journal

E. George Minns, a Virginia state prisoner, brought an action against his court-appointed attorney, alleging that his attorney, while acting under color of state law, had deprived him of rights guaranteed under the fourteenth amendment of the United States Constitution. Specifically, Minns alleged that his court-appointed attorney denied him assistance in filing a petition for habeas corpus. Minns brought the suit under section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act, which gives a private right of action against every person who, under color of law, deprives another person of his or her Constitutional rights, privileges, or immunities. The district court dismissed …

Criminal Law - Right To Counsel - Custodial Criminal Defendant May Not Waive Right To Counsel In The Absence Of His Court-Appointed Attorney, Stuart J. Feld

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This case note examines the New York Court of Appeals' decision in People v. Hobson, 39 N.Y.2d 479, 348 N.E.2d 894, 384 N.Y.S.2d 419 (1976), which held that once a counsel has been engaged in a criminal proceeding a defendant may not waive his right to counsel when his lawyer is not present. The case note discusses the evolution in protection levels afforded defendants in New York as well as in decisions by the United States Supreme Court and suggests that the Hobson decision's impact is enormous as it resurrects two important pro-defendant rules that were previously overruled. The Hobson …

Book Review: Denial Of Justice: Criminal Process In The United States, Thomas G. Roth

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Thomas G. Roth reviews Denial of Justice: Criminal Process in the United States by Lloyd L. Weinreb. In his book, Lloyd L. Weinreb argues persuasively that American criminal process not only falls short of being the best there is, but it denies us a system which we can properly call "just." Weinreb's work is divided into two sections. The first part, which comprises the bulk of the book, explains how criminal process works and, more significantly, how it has failed to achieve effectively the goals for which it was developed. In the second part, he describes in general theory an …

Improving Police Discretion: Rationality In Handling Public Inebriates, David Aaronson

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

Improving Police Discretion: Rationality In Handling Public Inebriates, David Aaronson, C. Dienes, Michael Musheno

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This two-part article reports on the findings of the "prescriptive" phase of the American University Law School's Project on Public Inebriation.' First, we provide a framework or model designed to contribute to efforts to improve the rationality of police discretion and the quality of discretionary justice. Second, we seek to increase understanding of, and provide the basis for improving, the intake process whereby public inebriates are delivered to designated facilities-jails, detoxification centers, etc.-in criminal and decriminalized jurisdictions. While the article focuses on the discretionary power of police officers to remove street inebriates, it should increase awareness of problems of decriminalizing …

Survey Of Criminal Procedure — Alternative Dispositions Of Defendants, Charles Shafer

All Faculty Scholarship

The criminal justice system provides various alternatives for the disposition of criminal defendants. Three of these alternatives, pretrial intervention, drug treatment, and probation, were dealt with in recent New Jersey Supreme Court decisions. The court examined the substantive criteria and procedures used in assigning each disposition and focused primarily on the desire to provide rehabilitative opportunities for each defendant. This note will examine those decisions and the implications of the court's concentration on the goal of rehabilitation.

Castaneda V. Partida, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

Books Received, Journal Staff

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Chile: The Balanced View

Edited by Francisco Orrego Vicuna

Santiago: The University of Chile, 1975. Pp. 298.

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Codification in the Communist World--Symposium in Memory of Zsolt Szirmai Organized by Donald Barry, F.J.M. Feldbrugge & Dominick Lasok

Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1975. Pp. xv, 353. $42.50.

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Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons: Prevention and Punishment

By Louis M. Bloomfield & Gerald F. Fitzgerald.

New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. Pp. xviii, 272. $16.50.

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Criminal Justice in Eighteenth Century Mexico

By Colin M. MacLachlan

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. Pp.viii, 141. $9.00.

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EEC Anti-Trust Law--Principles and Practice

By D. Barounos, …

Criminal Redistribution Of Stolen Property: The Need For Law Reform, G. Robert Blakey, Michael Goldsmith

Journal Articles

The development of sophisticated fencing systems for the sale of stolen property to consumers has paralleled the industrialization of society. Although crimes against property and attempts to control them have ancient origins, most theft before the Industrial Revolution was committed for immediate consumption by the thieves and their accomplices rather than for redistribution in the market-place. Society's small population, inadequate transportation and communication systems, and technological inability to mass produce identical goods constrained large-scale fencing because there were few buyers and because stolen property could be readily identified. The unprecedented economic and demographic growth in eighteenth-century Europe, however, removed these …

Administrative Law: Due Process Requirements Of Notice And Hearing Apply To Native Claims Under Administrative Procedure Act; Civil Rights: Challenging Tribal Membership Ordinance; Criminal Law: Nor Prejudice To Indian Defendant Sentenced Under State Due To Additional Or Alternative Fina Authorized By Federal Statute; Due Process: Tribal Elections And The Indian Civil Rights Act; Environment: Standing Of Non-Indians To Challenge Validity Of Coal Leases On Indian Land; Evidence: Indian Concept Of "Toka" As Concerning Issues Of Provocation And Justification; Indian Civil Rights Act: Residency Requirements For Tribal Political Office Upheld; Indian Lands: Quiet Title Action By Indian Allottees Against Railroad Holding Easement In The Nature Of A Limited Fee; Jurisdiction: Adoption Where All Parties Are Residents Of An Indian Reservation; Jurisdiction: New Mexico State Constitution As Affecting Adjudication Of Indian Water Rights; Taxation: State Right Of Taxation On Reservations When Commerce Effectuated Between Indians And Non-Indians

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Metamorphosis Of Larceny, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

To the modern lawyer, the rules of common law theft offenses do not seem ordered by any coherent principle. In this Article, however, Professor Fletcher shows that the common law of larceny can be understood in terms of two structural principles, possessorial immunity and manifest criminality. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the modern style of legal thought evolved, first commentators and then courts lost their ability to understand these principles and came to rely on intent as the central element of criminal liability. As a result of this transformation, Professor Fletcher argues, the range of circumstances that can …

Criminal Law--Juvenile Delinquency--Contributing Survives Constitutional Attack: Confusion Or Certainty, Michael Frank Pezzulli

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

United States V. Miller, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Supreme Court Case Files

No abstract provided.

In Re Forfeiture Of The Following Described Vehicle, 1972 Porsche 2 Dr., '74 Florida License Tag Id 91788 Vin #9111200334, 307 So. 2d 451 (Fla. 3d Dist. Ct. App. 1975), Michael P. Mabile

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- FORFEITURES- SIGNIFICANT INVOLVEMENT IN ILLICIT DRUG OPERATION REQUIRED TO JUSTIFY AUTOMOBILE FORFEITURE; EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY ILLEGAL SEARCH INADMISSIBLE IN FORFEITURE PROCEEDING; IMPOUNDMENT OF AUTOMOBILE WITHOUT WARRANT IN ABSENCE OF PROBABLE CAUSE AND EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES INVALIDATES RELATED INVENTORY SEARCH.

State V. Roman, 309 So. 2d 12 (Fla. 4th Dist. Ct. App. 1975), Joslyn Wilson

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- SEARCH AND SEIZURE- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLORIDA'S KNOCK AND ANNOUNCE STATUTE AND THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE.

Criminal Law Reform In The District Of Columbia, David Aaronson

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

INTRODUCTION: The prospects for meaningful, comprehensive revision of the District of Columbia's substantive criminal laws have improved markedly in recent years. In the most promising of recent political developments, Congress established a Law Review Commission for the District of Columbia in August of 1974 with a broad mandate to give special consideration to revision of the criminal code.' Since jurisdiction to initiate revision of the criminal laws will pass to the District of Columbia Council in January of 1977 pursuant to the Home Rule Act, Congress has substantial incentive to give final approval to a new criminal code within two …

The Victim's Role In Criminal Prosecutions In Ethiopia, Stanley Z. Fisher

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of this paper is to review developments which have occurred in the victim’s role in criminal prosecutions under Ethiopian law. In contrast to the penal laws of modern Western states, which define a wide range of wrongful conduct as offensive to the state itself, the traditional Ethiopian law of wrongs viewed relatively few offenses thus. For the most part, the state confined itself to legitimating and assisting the victim’s own efforts to obtain redress.

State V. Latimore, 284 So. 2d 423 (Fla. 3d Dist. Ct. App. 1973), Cert. Denied, 291 So. 2d 7 (Fla. 1974), Florida State University Law Review

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE- INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS NEITHER SIGNED BY NOR DIRECTLY QUOTING A DECLARANT ARE NOT DISCOVERABLE "STATEMENTS" WITHIN RULE 3.220.

Lurie V. Florida State Board Of Dentistry, 288 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 1973), Florida State University Law Review

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law- STATUTORY IMMUNITY- USE OF TESTIMONY PROVIDED PURSUANT TO FLORIDA IMMUNITY STATUTE PROHIBITED IN SUBSEQUENT CRIMINAL OR CIVIL PROCEEDING INITIATED AGAINST DECLARANT BY STATE.

Tollett V. State, 272 So. 2d 490 (Fla. 1973), Florida State University Law Review

Florida State University Law Review

Criminal Law-WIRETAPPING-CONSENTING PARTY TO CONVERSATION RECORDED BY POLICE WITHOUT WARRANT REQUIRED TO VERIFY AT TRIAL CONSENT TO RECORDING PRIOR TO ITS ADMISSION AGAINST OTHER PARTY TO CONVERSATION.

The Quiet Revolution In The Criminal Law - A Foreword, Jack G. Day

Cleveland State Law Review

Given the fundamental importance of procedural due process in criminal law, and conceding the impact of case law developments of the past decade and one-half, the movements manifest in decisional law, while spectacular, have necessarily been piecemeal and have tended to obscure the broad substantive and procedural reforms which have been initiated by that general address possible only through legislation and the rule making processes. Nonetheless, quietly, and almost unnoticed outside a relatively small circle within the legal profession and related disciplines, a seismic reform has been going on. The present symposium is devoted to the description and analysis of …

Some Themes In The Proposed Federal Rules Of Evidence, Paul F. Rothstein

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Although the Federal Rules of Evidence are under consideration by Congress, it is unlikely that many of their major themes will be reversed. The present article examines some of these themes as they appear in the Supreme Court-approved draft. The aim is merely to make more explicit the effects of the Rules and suggest some questions for study.

Recent Treaties, James H. Bloem

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

To obtain information on the financial dealings of organized crime in Switzerland, the United States must show both probable cause and the absence of a reasonable possibility of conviction without the information. Thus, Switzerland has preserved its prudent and traditional requirement of secrecy with respect to transactions of those who utilize its financial institutions. Because the Treaty was drafted in two different legal environments, conflicts may rise under it. The limitation on use of any disclosed information to investigations or proceedings for which the information originally was granted does not coincide with the United States rule of evidence that allows …

The Individualization Of Excusing Conditions, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

The excusing conditions of the criminal law are variations of the theme "I couldn't help myself' or "I didn't mean to do it." In this respect the defenses known as necessity, duress, insanity and mistake of law are but extensions of homely, routine apologies for causing harm and violating the rules of social and family life. While we use the plea "I couldn't help myself" to cover the full range of excusing circumstances, each of the formal excuses of the criminal law has a limited sphere. As a general matter, these spheres are dictated by the type of circumstances rendering …

Recent Cases, Vanderbilt Law Review

Vanderbilt Law Review

Civil Rights--Private Education-Racially Discriminatory Admissions Policies Violate Right to Contract Provision of 42 U.S.C. § 1981

Plaintiffs, ' blacks who had been denied admission solely on the basis of their race to two all-white private schools that received no state aid,' sought damages and injunctive relief in federal district court contending that these rejections violated section 1981 of 42 U.S.C. by denying them the same right to contract as enjoyed by white citizens.

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Copyright--Telecommunications--CATV Importation of Distant Television Signals Constitutes Infringement Under Sections One (c) & (d) of the Copyright Act

Plaintiffs,' creators and producers of television programs,brought a …