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Articles 421 - 450 of 540
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law
Dying Twice: Conditions On New York's Death Row, Michael B. Mushlin
Dying Twice: Conditions On New York's Death Row, Michael B. Mushlin
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
In 1995 New York State revived the death penalty as a punishment for certain categories of murder, and established a “death row” for condemned men at the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York (variously, “Clinton” or the “Prison”). Four years later, in October 1999, two committees of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York (the “Association”) joined together to study the conditions of confinement on this death row--or, as it is officially called, the Unit for Condemned Persons (the “UCP”). These committees--the Committee on Corrections and the Committee on Capital Punishment--formed a joint subcommittee (the …
Witness Coaching By Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman
Witness Coaching By Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Given its controversial nature, one would expect the practice and ethics of witness coaching to have attracted close scrutiny by courts and commentators. Interestingly, however, the subject has received relatively modest attention. A handful of judicial and ethics opinions have discussed superficially the subject of witness preparation and coaching. Practitioner manuals typically offer general guidance on how to prepare witnesses, and occasionally address tactical and ethical issues involved in coaching. Scholarly commentary has examined the ethical limits of witness preparation, particularly by differentiating acceptable techniques from improper techniques, which promote false or misleading testimony. In addition, popular culture occasionally has …
Take Courage: What The Courts Can Do To Improve The Delivery Of Criminal Defense Services, Adele Bernhard
Take Courage: What The Courts Can Do To Improve The Delivery Of Criminal Defense Services, Adele Bernhard
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Writ Of Habeas Corpus, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The Writ Of Habeas Corpus, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
Scholarly Works
A fundamental legal safeguard of freedom and the most important English common law writ, the writ of habeas corpus is a court order commanding that an imprisoned person be personally produced in court and that an explanation be provided as to why that person is detained. The writ of habeas corpus provides a judicial remedy for enforcing a fundamental individual right, the right to personal liberty, which may be defined as the right to be free of physical restraint that is not justified by law. Whenever imprisonment violates a constitutional or fundamental right, there is an infringement of the right …
Criminal Prosecution For Hmo Treatment Denial, John A. Humbach
Criminal Prosecution For Hmo Treatment Denial, John A. Humbach
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article will first provide a brief examination of the economic pressures that market forces bring to bear on HMOs and their decision-making personnel. The objective is to show how the natural effect of normal market forces is to exert a constant pressure towards treatment delays and denials, particularly in the cases of elderly and chronically ill patients. Part III will provide an overview of the existing criminal law as it applies to situations in which death results because someone has violated a legal duty to provide medical treatment. In Part IV, the question of the requisite mental culpability will …
The Correction Of Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective, Lissa Griffin
The Correction Of Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective, Lissa Griffin
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article analyzes the different modes in which two facially similar adversarial systems remedy wrongful convictions. Part I briefly examines the origins of wrongful convictions in both England and the United States. Part II describes the appellate processes in the two countries for correcting wrongful convictions. Part III addresses the processes for correcting wrongful convictions after the appellate processes have been completed. Part IV critiques the English process and examines whether aspects of that process may be carried over to the United States.
The Prosecutor's Duty To Truth, Bennett L. Gershman
The Prosecutor's Duty To Truth, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Part I of this Article discusses the prosecutor's duty to refrain from conduct that impedes the search for truth. A prosecutor may impede the truth-finding process in several ways: (1) distorting the truth by attacking the defendant's character, misleading and misrepresenting facts, and engaging in inflammatory conduct; (2) subverting the truth by making false statements and presenting false evidence; (3) suppressing the truth by failing to disclose potentially truth-enhancing evidence or obstructing defense access to potentially truth-enhancing evidence; and (4) other truth-disserving conduct that exploits defense counsel's misconduct and mistakes and prevents introduction of potentially truth-serving defenses. Part I also …
Child Witnesses And Procedural Fairness, Bennett L. Gershman
Child Witnesses And Procedural Fairness, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Professor Gershman's Article notes that courts and lawmakers have changed procedural and evidentiary rules to protect child witnesses in child sexual abuse cases. Gershman discusses how courts apply the changed rules with careful scrutiny in an effort to ensure that the interests of the child witness and the accused defendant are appropriately balanced.
Burdening Constitutional Rights: The Supreme Court's License To Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman
Burdening Constitutional Rights: The Supreme Court's License To Prosecutors, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The prosecutorial tactic of burdening a defendant’s exercise of constitutional rights has appeared in a variety of contexts. Prosecutors have asked juries to infer guilt based on a defendant’s decision not to testify, not to call witnesses, to remain silent after being given Miranda warnings, to go to trial, to secure the assistance of counsel, to refuse to consent to a warrantless search, and to testify. In all of these instances, courts have found the prosecutor’s remarks to constitute misconduct.
Litigation In The United States And Mexico: A Comparative Overview, Robert M. Kossick, Jr.
Litigation In The United States And Mexico: A Comparative Overview, Robert M. Kossick, Jr.
University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
No abstract provided.
Breaking The Code Of Silence: Rediscovering "Custom" In Section 1983 Municipal Liability, Myriam E. Gilles
Breaking The Code Of Silence: Rediscovering "Custom" In Section 1983 Municipal Liability, Myriam E. Gilles
Articles
No abstract provided.
What Do You Do When You Meet A "Walking Violation Of The Sixth Amendment" If You're Trying To Put That Lawyer's Client In Jail?, Vanessa Merton
What Do You Do When You Meet A "Walking Violation Of The Sixth Amendment" If You're Trying To Put That Lawyer's Client In Jail?, Vanessa Merton
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
For the purpose of this article, the relevance of my experience as a criminal defense attorney is this: if ever one might expect to find a prosecutor inclined to err on the side of fairness of process and protecting the rights of defendants, it ought to be me. Also, for more than twenty years, I have been something of a professional ethicist--as research fellow, teacher, staff member of an ethics center, chair and/or member of several institutional review boards, pro bono trial counsel to a disciplinary committee, ethics consultant, and expert witness--and, therefore, one might think, especially susceptible to the …
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
The Bill Of Rights And The Constitution: Facing The Challenge Of The Future, Stephen Wermiel
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Panel Two Commentary, Marci A. Hamilton
Rethinking The Penalty Phase, Kyron Huigens
Rethinking The Penalty Phase, Kyron Huigens
Articles
This article argues that the chaos of the US Supreme Court’s death penalty jurisprudence can be sorted with the use of a single point of clarification. That jurisprudence uses the term “culpability” – and similar terms, such as desert, responsibility, and blameworthiness – without regard to a critical ambiguity. We use “culpability” to refer to fault in wrongdoing, as reflected in “culpability elements” such as purpose or recklessness. We also use culpability to refer to eligibility for punishment, which is at issue in the defenses of insanity or minority. Death sentencing is structured around aggravating and mitigating factors, but aggravation …
When Justice Fails: Indemnification For Unjust Conviction, Adele Bernhard
When Justice Fails: Indemnification For Unjust Conviction, Adele Bernhard
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Constitutional Authority Of The Federal Government In State Criminal Proceedings That Involve U.S. Treaty Obligations Or Affect U.S. Foreign Relations, Malvina Halberstam
The Constitutional Authority Of The Federal Government In State Criminal Proceedings That Involve U.S. Treaty Obligations Or Affect U.S. Foreign Relations, Malvina Halberstam
Articles
No abstract provided.
Private Bar Monitors Public Defense: Oversight Committee Sets Standards For Indigent Defense Providers, Adele Bernhard
Private Bar Monitors Public Defense: Oversight Committee Sets Standards For Indigent Defense Providers, Adele Bernhard
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Prosecutorial Use Of Expert Testimony In Domestic Violence Cases: From Recantation To Refusal To Testify, Audrey Rogers
Prosecutorial Use Of Expert Testimony In Domestic Violence Cases: From Recantation To Refusal To Testify, Audrey Rogers
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article discusses the use of expert testimony in prosecuting those charged with domestic abuse. Part I provides a background on the need and nature of expert testimony in domestic violence cases and the requirements for the admission of such expert testimony. It traces the development of the role of expert testimony in domestic violence cases from its initial exclusive use as a defense tool to support self-defense claims to its present use by prosecutors to explain a complainant's recantation or other puzzling behavior. Part II discusses the appellate cases that have addressed the admissibility and scope of expert testimony …
Mental Culpability And Prosecutorial Misconduct, Bennett L. Gershman
Mental Culpability And Prosecutorial Misconduct, Bennett L. Gershman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article argues that a prosecutor's intent is always relevant to the courts' analysis of misconduct, and that the courts should always consider a prosecutor's intent in determining whether a rule was violated and whether the verdict was prejudiced. Part II of this Article examines the use of the objective test to analyze a prosecutor's trial conduct. Part II offers several reasons courts give for avoiding inquiry into a prosecutor's mental culpability, analyzes those reasons, and concludes that although the application of an objective test is sufficient to correct misconduct in some instances, it does not foreclose application of a …
Task Force Statement Of The Twentieth Century Fund's Task Force On Apprehending Indicted War Criminals: Meeting The Obligations Of Justice, Paul Williams
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Accomplice Liability For Unintentional Crimes: Remaining Within The Constraints Of Intent, Audrey Rogers
Accomplice Liability For Unintentional Crimes: Remaining Within The Constraints Of Intent, Audrey Rogers
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article addresses the issue of the proper extent of a secondary actor's culpability for unintentional crimes committed by another. Part I reviews accomplice liability and its mens rea requirements generally. Part II discusses the history of the application of complicity theory to unintentional crimes. Part III examines whether accomplice liability for unintentional crimes is proper, and concludes that in keeping with complicity's doctrinal requirements, liability is appropriate only when the secondary actor has the intent to aid in the commission of the culpable act that results in unplanned harm. It evaluates whether the various categories of accomplice statutes sufficiently …
International Criminal Law And The Cambodian Killing Fields, Diane Orentlicher
International Criminal Law And The Cambodian Killing Fields, Diane Orentlicher
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
A Case Of Misplaced Priorities: A Proposed Solution To Resolve The Apparent Conflict Between Sections 507 And 1113 Of The Bankruptcy Code, Steven Kropp
Cardozo Law Review
A single corporate bankruptcy is like a pebble thrown into a pond: the ripples keep extending out. Every bankruptcy filing has negative consequences for the corporation's creditors, including its workers. Indeed, a corporate bankruptcy may push many small creditors over the financial brink and even force some of them to file for bankruptcy.
“Under The Present Mode Of Trial, Improper Verdicts Are Very Often Given”: Criminal Procedure In The Trials Of Slaves In Antebellum Louisiana, Judith Kelleher Schafer
“Under The Present Mode Of Trial, Improper Verdicts Are Very Often Given”: Criminal Procedure In The Trials Of Slaves In Antebellum Louisiana, Judith Kelleher Schafer
Cardozo Law Review
When Louisiana became an American possession in 1803, a primary concern of the new territorial government and its inhabitants was what kind of law would be most appropriate to provide stability and maintain order in a heterogeneous population composed of free persons of French, Spanish, and American ancestry, those of African origin, free and slave, American Indians, and various combinations of these cultures and races.
Comment On Judith Schafer’S “Under The Present Mode Of Trial, Improper Verdicts Are Very Often Given”: Criminal Procedure In The Trials Of Slaves In Antebellum Louisiana, Peter Westen
Cardozo Law Review
This Response to Professor Schafer's essay, "Under the Present Mode of Trial, Improper Verdicts are Very Often Given": Criminal Procedure Trials of Slaves in Antebellum Louisiana, is divided into two parts. First, it raises some questions about the three things Professor Schafer attempts to do in her essay. Second, this Response discusses an issue that several commentators have remarked upon over the years-namely, that criminal procedure is the area of Southern slave law that has come closest to according slaves the same protections accorded to free persons.
Condemned By Substance And Process: A Comment On “Doubly Condemned”: Adjustments To The Crime And Punishment Regime In The Late Slavery Period In The British Caribbean Colonies And “Under The Present Mode Of Trial, Improper Verdicts Are Very Often Given”: Criminal Procedure In The Trials Of Slaves In Antebellum Louisiana, Raymond T. Diamond
Cardozo Law Review
The substance of modem criminal law and the procedures through which that law is enforced are a subject of current debate. On the one hand, some call into question the use of criminal sanctions as a means of enforcing schemes of regulation meant to guarantee public welfare. By the same token, violent crime and crime that is otherwise malum in se has caused increasing levels of fear and concomitant calls for more vigorous enforcement of the criminal law. As a result, the rights that protect the accused from intrusions by a potentially tyrannical state and from arbitrary decision making by …
Outlawing Outcasts: Comparative Perspectives On The Differing Functions Of The Criminal Law Of Slavery In The Americas, Robert J. Cottrol
Outlawing Outcasts: Comparative Perspectives On The Differing Functions Of The Criminal Law Of Slavery In The Americas, Robert J. Cottrol
Cardozo Law Review
This is a commentary on some issues raised by Anthony De V. Phillips's "Doubly Condemned": Adjustments to the Crime and Punishment Regime in the Late Slavery Period in the British Caribbean Colonies and Judith K. Schafer's "Under the Present Mode of Trial, Improper Verdicts are Very Often Given": Criminal Procedure Trials of Slaves in Antebellum Louisiana, both of which appear in this volume. Both discussions highlight the role of criminal law, procedure, and punishment in helping to sustain systems of African and Afro-American chattel slavery in New World societies. They provide interesting contrasts between civil and common law approaches to …
The Fate Of “Megan’S Law” In New York, Alison Virag Greissman
The Fate Of “Megan’S Law” In New York, Alison Virag Greissman
Cardozo Law Review
Sexual crimes disgust, anger, and frighten Americans in a way that no other human act does. The transgressions of sex offenders leave victims with lifelong scars and violate society's most fundamental notions of right and wrong. Indeed, husbands beating their wives with frying pans, boyfriends punching their girlfriends with their fists, and men striking women with kitchen chairs and baseball bats in every city of our country are atrocities. Although barbaric, these examples of violent and often fatal attacks are not of the same nature as an assault in which a man desecrates a woman by invading the most intimate …
Defensively Invoking Treaties In American Courts--Jurisdictional Challenges Under The U.N. Drug Trafficking Convention By Foreign Defendants Kidnapped Abroad By U.S. Agents, Thomas Michael Mcdonnell
Defensively Invoking Treaties In American Courts--Jurisdictional Challenges Under The U.N. Drug Trafficking Convention By Foreign Defendants Kidnapped Abroad By U.S. Agents, Thomas Michael Mcdonnell
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article unravels the non-self-executing treaty doctrine, examines the invocation of a treaty as a defense to governmental action, and develops a test for when an individual (rather than a government) may assert a treaty defensively in state or federal courts. Lastly, this Article applies this test to state-sponsored kidnapping and the U.N. Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The parties to this treaty, which was sponsored by the United States, barred one country's law enforcement agents from operating without permission on another country's soil and rejected a provision requiring a country to extradite its own …