Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Criminal Procedure (246)
- Constitutional Law (123)
- International Law (79)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (66)
- Law and Society (59)
-
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (58)
- Human Rights Law (51)
- Law Enforcement and Corrections (47)
- Courts (43)
- Sociology (40)
- Evidence (39)
- Law and Gender (37)
- Legal Studies (37)
- Juvenile Law (35)
- Law and Politics (35)
- Criminology and Criminal Justice (33)
- Law and Race (32)
- Criminology (29)
- First Amendment (29)
- Legislation (28)
- Fourth Amendment (27)
- State and Local Government Law (27)
- Communications Law (24)
- Military, War, and Peace (24)
- Other Law (23)
- Civil Law (22)
- Supreme Court of the United States (22)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (21)
- Institution
-
- University of Maine School of Law (44)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (37)
- Fordham Law School (33)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (31)
- St. John's University School of Law (24)
-
- Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law (24)
- University of the Pacific (17)
- American University Washington College of Law (16)
- University of Georgia School of Law (16)
- Brooklyn Law School (15)
- Roger Williams University (14)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (14)
- Southwestern Oklahoma State University (14)
- UIC School of Law (14)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (14)
- University of Rhode Island (13)
- Notre Dame Law School (12)
- University of Richmond (12)
- Vanderbilt University Law School (12)
- Columbia Law School (11)
- Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan (11)
- New York Law School (11)
- University of Michigan Law School (11)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (10)
- SJ Quinney College of Law, University of Utah (10)
- Georgia State University College of Law (9)
- Kutztown University (9)
- Pace University (9)
- University of Arkansas Little Rock (9)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (9)
- Keyword
-
- Criminal law (61)
- Criminal justice (41)
- Crime (30)
- Criminal Law (30)
- Death penalty (28)
-
- Sentencing (24)
- Justice (23)
- Capital punishment (18)
- Criminal (17)
- Criminology (16)
- Criminal procedure (15)
- Punishment (15)
- Supreme Court (15)
- Corrections (14)
- Police (14)
- Qc (14)
- Qualitative criminology (14)
- Due process (13)
- Criminal law; symposium; communications law; international law; first amendment (11)
- Race (11)
- Reform (11)
- Criminal Law and Procedure (10)
- Evidence (10)
- Habeas corpus (10)
- Criminal Procedure (9)
- Defense (9)
- Human rights (9)
- Immigration (9)
- Juvenile (9)
- Law (9)
- Publication
-
- Faculty Scholarship (45)
- Maine Law Review (43)
- Fordham Law Review (31)
- Northwestern University Law Review (22)
- Faculty Publications (18)
-
- Nevada Supreme Court Summaries (17)
- University of the Pacific Law Review (16)
- Qualitative Criminology (QC) (14)
- Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence (13)
- Scholarly Works (13)
- The Catholic Lawyer (13)
- Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (12)
- Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press (10)
- Nevada Law Journal (10)
- Review of law sciences (10)
- War Crimes Memoranda (10)
- Arkansas Law Review (9)
- Journal of Criminal Justice and Law (9)
- UIC Law Review (9)
- Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals (8)
- Articles (7)
- Cardozo Law Review (7)
- Cleveland State Law Review (7)
- Faculty Articles and Other Publications (7)
- Journal Articles (7)
- Life of the Law School (1993- ) (7)
- Scholarly Articles (7)
- University of Richmond Law Review (7)
- Utah Law Faculty Scholarship (7)
- All Faculty Scholarship (6)
- Publication Type
Articles 511 - 540 of 767
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law
The Consequences Today Of The United States' Brutal Post-9/11 Interrogation Techniques, Peter Jan Honigsberg
The Consequences Today Of The United States' Brutal Post-9/11 Interrogation Techniques, Peter Jan Honigsberg
Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy
Penetrating the minds and souls of alleged terrorists while still upholding the constitution, federal law, and the human rights obligation to treat the suspects with dignity and without torture or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment was not the immediate objective for high-ranking American officials and military interrogators in the early years following the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001. Although the United States was a party to the Geneva Conventions (GC), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Convention Against Torture (CAT)—all three …
Representing The United States Government: Reconceiving The Federal Prosecutor's Role Through A Historical Lens, Scott Ingram
Representing The United States Government: Reconceiving The Federal Prosecutor's Role Through A Historical Lens, Scott Ingram
Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy
For nearly 100 years courts and legal scholars have held prosecutors to the “justice” standard, meaning that the prosecutor’s first duty is to ensure that justice is done. With this command, prosecutors have increased their discretion. The modern prosecutor’s power is unrivaled in the criminal justice system. Judges and defense attorneys have ceded some of their power to prosecutors. The prosecutor’s power has led a host of commentators to critique prosecutorial use of power for a variety of reasons. Rather than add to this voluminous literature by defending or critiquing prosecutorial power, this Article challenges the underlying assumption of prosecutorial …
Efficiency, Enforcement, And Punishment, Jim Staihar
Efficiency, Enforcement, And Punishment, Jim Staihar
Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy
The law and economics literature on punishment reveals strong reasons of efficiency to adopt an extreme enforcement policy for any type of crime as a means to promoting deterrence. Under such an extreme policy, a crime’s severity of punishment would be set extremely high, but its probability of punishment would be set extremely low by minimizing the resources devoted to enforcing the law against the crime. This sort of policy applied to a moderately serious crime, such as a simple assault, would seem strongly unreasonable all things considered. However, it is not immediately obvious why such a policy would be …
Humility In Criminal Justice: What It Might Invite Us To Reconsider, Dean A. Strang
Humility In Criminal Justice: What It Might Invite Us To Reconsider, Dean A. Strang
Marquette Law Review
Imagine how our system of criminal justice might look different if one value ascended in the system's hierarchy of values: humility. Day to day, in my work, I do not see much humility among police officers, defense lawyers, prosecutors, probation agents, and judges. This is noteworthy, given how unavoidability uncertain--or at least contestable or close--many of the outcomes in our trial and appellate courts are to an objective eye. Even when the basic facts on guilt are fairly certain, the right sentence often is not. I propose that humility is an essential value that, properly understood, is tied to liberty; …
Is Miranda Good News Or Bad News For The Police: The Usefulness Of Empirical Evidence, Meghan J. Ryan
Is Miranda Good News Or Bad News For The Police: The Usefulness Of Empirical Evidence, Meghan J. Ryan
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark case of Miranda v. Arizona created a culture in which police officers regularly warn arrestees that they have a right to remain silent, that anything they say can and will be used against them in a court of law, that they have the right to an attorney, and that if they cannot afford one, an attorney will be appointed to them. These Miranda warnings have a number of possible effects. The warnings are meant to inform suspects about negative consequences associated with speaking to the police without the assistance of counsel. In this sense they …
"Revenge Porn" Reform: A View From The Front Lines, Mary Anne Franks
"Revenge Porn" Reform: A View From The Front Lines, Mary Anne Franks
Articles
The legal and social landscape of "revenge porn" has changed dramatically in the last few years. Before 2013, only three states criminalized the unauthorized disclosure of sexually explicit images of adults and few people had ever heard the ternm "revenge porn." As of July 2017, thirty-eight states and Washington, D.C. had criminalized the conduct; federal criminal legislation on the issue had been introduced in Congress; Google, Facebook, and Twitter had banned nonconsensual pornography from their platforms; and the term "revenge porn" had been added to the Merriam- Webster Dictionary. I have had the privilege of playing a role in many …
Measuring The Creative Plea Bargain, Thea B. Johnson
Measuring The Creative Plea Bargain, Thea B. Johnson
Faculty Publications
A great deal of criminal law scholarship and practice turns on whether a defendant gets a good deal through plea bargaining. But what is a good deal? And how do defense attorneys secure such deals? Much scholarship measures plea bargains by one metric: how many years the defendant receives at sentencing. In the era of collateral consequences, however, this is no longer an adequate metric as it misses a world of bargaining that happens outside of the sentence. Through empirical research, this Article examines the measure of a good plea and the work that goes into negotiating such a plea. …
Convicting The Innocent Redux, Brandon L. Garrett
Convicting The Innocent Redux, Brandon L. Garrett
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Opposing International Justice: Kenya’S Integrated Backlash Strategy Against The Icc, Laurence R. Helfer, Anne E. Showalter
Opposing International Justice: Kenya’S Integrated Backlash Strategy Against The Icc, Laurence R. Helfer, Anne E. Showalter
Faculty Scholarship
The government of Kenya has employed a wide range of strategies to undermine the recently-dismissed prosecutions of President Uhuru Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto before the International Criminal Court (ICC). This Article argues that these strategies are part of an integrated backlash campaign against the ICC, one that encompasses seemingly unrelated actions in multiple global, regional and national venues. We identify three overarching themes that connect these diverse measures— politicizing complementarity, regionalizing political opposition, and pairing instances of cooperation and condemnation to diffuse accusations of impunity. By linking its discrete acts of opposition to these three themes, the government …
The Responsibility Gap In Corporate Crime, Samuel W. Buell
The Responsibility Gap In Corporate Crime, Samuel W. Buell
Faculty Scholarship
In many cases of criminality within large corporations, senior management does not commit the operative offense — or conspire or assist in it — but nonetheless bears serious responsibility for the crime. That responsibility can derive from, among other things, management’s role in cultivating corporate culture, in failing to police effectively within the firm, and in accepting lavish compensation for taking the firm’s reins. Criminal law does not include any doctrinal means for transposing that form of responsibility into punishment. Arguments for expanding doctrine — including broadening of the presently narrow “responsible corporate officer” doctrine — so as to authorize …
Project Safe Neighborhoods In Chicago: Looking Back A Decade Later, Ben Grunwald, Andrew V. Papachristos
Project Safe Neighborhoods In Chicago: Looking Back A Decade Later, Ben Grunwald, Andrew V. Papachristos
Faculty Scholarship
Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) is a federally funded initiative that brings together federal, state, and local law enforcement to reduce gun violence in urban centers. In Chicago, PSN implemented supply-side gun policing tactics, enhanced federal prosecution of gun crimes, and notification forums warning offenders of PSN’s heightened criminal sanctions. Prior evaluations provide evidence that PSN initiatives have reduced crime in the first few years of their operation. But over a decade after the program was established, we still know little about whether these effects are sustained over an extended period of time. This Article examines PSN Chicago, an anti-violence program …
The Fragile Promise Of Open-File Discovery, Ben Grunwald
The Fragile Promise Of Open-File Discovery, Ben Grunwald
Faculty Scholarship
Under traditional rules of criminal discovery, defendants are entitled to little prosecutorial evidence and are thus forced to negotiate plea agreements and prepare for trial in the dark. In an effort to expand defendants’ discovery rights, a number of states have recently enacted “open-file” statutes, which require the government to share the fruits of its investigation with the defense. Legal scholars have widely supported these reforms, claiming that they level the playing field and promote judicial efficiency by decreasing trials and speeding up guilty pleas. But these predictions are based largely on intuition and anecdotal data without extended theoretical analysis …
The American Death Penalty Decline, Brandon L. Garrett, Alexander Jakubow, Ankur Desai
The American Death Penalty Decline, Brandon L. Garrett, Alexander Jakubow, Ankur Desai
Faculty Scholarship
American death sentences have both declined and become concentrated in a small group of counties. In his dissenting opinion in Glossip v. Gross in 2014, Justice Stephen Breyer highlighted how from 2004 to 2006, "just 29 counties (fewer than 1% of counties in the country) accounted for approximately half of all death sentences imposed nationwide." That decline has become more dramatic. In 2015, fifty-one defendants were sentenced to death in thirty-eight counties. In 2016, thirty-one defendants were sentenced to death in twenty-eight counties. In the mid-1990s, by way of contrast, over 300 people were sentenced to death in as many …
Coordinating Compliance Incentives, Veronica Root
Coordinating Compliance Incentives, Veronica Root
Faculty Scholarship
In today’s regulatory environment, a corporation engaged in wrongdoing can be sure of one thing: regulators will point to an ineffective compliance program as a key cause of institutional misconduct. The explosion in the importance of compliance is unsurprising given the emphasis that governmental actors — from the Department of Justice, to the Securities and Exchange Commission, to even the Commerce Department — place on the need for institutions to adopt “effective compliance programs.” The governmental actors that demand effective compliance programs, however, have narrow scopes of authority. DOJ Fraud handles violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, while the …
Actus Reus, Mens Rea, And Brain Science: What Do Volition And Intent Really Mean?, Erica Beecher-Monas, Edgar Garcia-Rill
Actus Reus, Mens Rea, And Brain Science: What Do Volition And Intent Really Mean?, Erica Beecher-Monas, Edgar Garcia-Rill
Kentucky Law Journal
The foundational elements of criminal law, actus reus and mens rea, are vague, imprecise, and indeterminate categories that are based on outdated notions about human behavior. These confused categories affect not only what legally constitutes choice, volition, and intent, but also the defendant's ability to present evidence (since the categories define the evidence that will be admissible), and ultimately, criminal liability. In this Article we explain how neuroscience allows us to reconsider these legal concepts and conceive a more informed view of human behavior (and therefore criminal liabilty). The Article explains how distortions in brain function affect the way …
Recasting Vagueness: The Case Of Teen Sex Statutes, Cynthia Godsoe
Recasting Vagueness: The Case Of Teen Sex Statutes, Cynthia Godsoe
Washington and Lee Law Review
When two minors below the age of consent have sex, who is the victim and who is the offender? Statutory rape law makes consensual sex among minors illegal in almost every state. Where half of high school students have had intercourse, the law’s immense scope and inevitable underenforcement allow prosecutors to virtually define the crime by the tiny percentage of cases they choose. Through the lens of peer statutory rape, this Article introduces and critiques “vaguenets”—broad, under-defined laws that punish widespread and largely harmless conduct, and invite selective enforcement. Like problematic police dragnet searches, the immense sweep of these statutes …
Costs Of Pretrial Detention, Shima Baughman
Costs Of Pretrial Detention, Shima Baughman
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
Spending on U.S. incarceration has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Much of this cost is on incarcerating pretrial detainees—inmates not convicted of a crime—which constitute the majority of individuals in our nation’s jails. Current statutory schemes give judges almost complete discretion to order pretrial detention based on unexplained or unidentified factors. With this discretion, judges tend to make inconsistent decisions in every jurisdiction, some releasing almost all defendants—including the most dangerous—and others detaining most defendants—even those who are safe to release. There are constitutional and moral reasons to evaluate our current detention scheme, but even the fiscal impact …
Still Handcuffing The Cops? A Review Of Fifty Years Of Empirical Evidence Of Miranda's Harmful Effects On Law Enforcement, Paul Cassell, Richard Fowles
Still Handcuffing The Cops? A Review Of Fifty Years Of Empirical Evidence Of Miranda's Harmful Effects On Law Enforcement, Paul Cassell, Richard Fowles
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
The fiftieth anniversary of Miranda v. Arizona offers a chance to assess how the decision has played out in the real world and, in particular, to determine whether it has harmed law enforcement. In this Article, we take advantage of the time since the Miranda decision—now a little more than fifty years—to see whether it has produced the predicted harmful consequences. In particular, we survey the available empirical evidence about Miranda’s effects on law enforcement. We collect confession rate data, both from the time of Miranda and since, to assess whether Miranda caused confession rates to fall. We also review …
Legal Responses To Nonconsensual Pornography: Current Policy In The United States And Future Directions For Research, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Legal Responses To Nonconsensual Pornography: Current Policy In The United States And Future Directions For Research, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Technological advances have created new avenues for the perpetration of sexual violence. The widespread availability of cameras has made it easier to take covert recordings of an individual’s intimate body parts, and whether sexually explicit images are recorded with or without an individual’s consent, growing access to the Internet has facilitated the nonconsensual dissemination of those images. Yet criminal laws have not kept pace with technology in most jurisdictions across the United States, and victims of nonconsensual pornography typically have no avenue by which to seek justice. There have been efforts to reform laws in a variety of jurisdictions, some …
Do International Criminal Tribunals Have A Deterrent Effect On Human Rights Abuses?, Rachel Lehr
Do International Criminal Tribunals Have A Deterrent Effect On Human Rights Abuses?, Rachel Lehr
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
Modes Of Liability, Cumulative Convictions, And Charging Language, Ankita Channarasappa
Modes Of Liability, Cumulative Convictions, And Charging Language, Ankita Channarasappa
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
The Legal Authority Of Ice Breaking On The Great Lakes Between The United States Coast Guard And The Canadian Coast Guard, The Implications Of The Ice Breaking Services Fee By The Ccg, And The Potential Liability Of Canadian Criminal Code Section 263 On The Uscg, Jason Edward Stafford
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
Standard Of Review For Evaluating Post-Conviction Requests For Review, Morgan E. Austin
Standard Of Review For Evaluating Post-Conviction Requests For Review, Morgan E. Austin
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
The Level Of Proof Required To Indict A Person And Send Them To Trial At The Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia Specifically Addressing The Levels Of Proof To Indict A Person Of France And Other International Criminal Courts, Also Analysing The Statutes, Documents And Jurispurdiction Of The Eccc To Draw A Conclusion, Xiong Shi
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
What Would Be The Legal And Political Ramifications If The Un Decided To Stop Funding The Eccc Prior To The Current Investigations And Trials Being Finalized? Assess The Ramifications In The Cambodian And International Context., Stephanie M. Farah
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
In International Criminal Law Does The Prosecutor Have A Responsibility To Ensure That The Facts Forming The Historical Context In Which Large-Scale Human Rights Abuses Occurred Are Adjudicated At Trial? Why Or Why Not?, Tyler Portner
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
Whether The Adoption Of Civil Criminal Justice System As Opposed To The Common Law Criminal Justice System In Eccc Is A Correct Decision. Specifically Addressing The Pros And Cons Of Both Legal Systems, Lulu Jing
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
Crime Victims' Rights, Paul Cassell
Crime Victims' Rights, Paul Cassell
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
Over the last 40 years, advocates for crime victims have succeeded in enshrining victims’ rights in state constitutions and other enactments. These provisions show that a consensus has developed around the country on certain core victims’ rights. Included in the core are, among other things, the right to notice of court hearings, to attend court hearings, to be heard at appropriate court hearings, to proceedings free from unreasonable delay, to consideration of the victims’ safety during the process, and to restitution. The current challenge for the country is ensuring that these core rights are fully and effectively implemented and that …
Fundamentally Unfair: Databases, Deportation, And The Crimmigrant Gang Member, Katherine Conway
Fundamentally Unfair: Databases, Deportation, And The Crimmigrant Gang Member, Katherine Conway
American University Law Review
Provocative language painting immigrants as dangerous criminals and promises of increased immigration enforcement were cornerstones of Donald j Trump's presidential candidacy. As president, he has maintained this rhetoric and made good on many of his promises by broadening the definition of "criminal conduct" for immigration enforcement purposes, touting a renewed focus on immigrant gangs and cartels, and conducting several nation-wide anti-gang sweeps that placed an estimated 1095 "known" gang members in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody. But the Trump Administration did not create the specter of the criminal immigrant, or "crimmigrant," gang member, nor did it create the detection …
War/Crimes And The Limits Of The Doctrine Of Sources, Steven R. Ratner
War/Crimes And The Limits Of The Doctrine Of Sources, Steven R. Ratner
Book Chapters
International humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL) are the product of lawmaking processes that are not captured in the black-letter doctrine of sources under which Article 38 of the ICJ Statute is the rule of recognition for international law. Despite efforts by certain institutional players and scholars to place these two regimes squarely within Article 38, both remain distinct in terms of how actors determine whether a purported rule is a legal rule. These distinctions constitute a challenge to the idea of a unified rule of recognition and argue instead for looking for indicators (not rules) about a …